Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
i. Al-Biruni was born in Khwarizm and was proficient in multiple languages, including Sanskrit.
ii. Al-Biruni's experiences and writings contributed significantly to the understanding of Indian culture and philosophy.
iii. The Ghaznavid empire's expansion into the Punjab had no impact on Al-Biruni's studies.
iv. Al-Biruni initially moved to Ghazni as a free scholar and later became a hostage during Sultan Mahmud's invasion.
In which year did Ibn Battuta reach Sind during his travels to India?
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Assertion (A): Bernier viewed India as inferior to the Western world.
Reason (R): He believed that India's political organization, social structure, and economic development were less advanced compared to those in Europe.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
i. Al-Biruni faced language barriers when interpreting Sanskrit texts due to significant differences between Sanskrit and Arabic/Persian.
ii. Al-Biruni suggested that social divisions, such as the caste system, are unique to Indian society and do not exist elsewhere.
iii. He rejected the idea of social pollution within the caste system, arguing that impurity seeks to regain purity.
iv. Al-Biruni's understanding of the caste system was solely based on his personal observations without reference to any normative texts.
Which statement is correct for François Bernier's observations in Mughal India?
i. Bernier observed that private land ownership was prevalent in the Mughal Empire.
ii. He compared the Mughal Empire to contemporary Europe, often unfavorably.
iii. Bernier's works were widely circulated and translated across Europe.
iv. He lived in India from 1656 to 1668 and served as a physician at the Mughal court.
During which years did François Bernier live and work in India?
Which statement is correct for Ibn Battuta's travels?
i. Ibn Battuta traveled to Sind in 1325.
ii. He served as a qazi in Delhi under Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
iii. Ibn Battuta's journey took him to China as an envoy of the Sultan.
iv. He returned to Morocco in 1347 after extensive travels.
Assertion (A): Al-Biruni's Kitab-ul-Hind is structured into 80 chapters that explore various aspects of Indian culture, including religion and philosophy.
Reason (R): The chapters begin with a question, followed by a description grounded in Sanskritic traditions, and conclude with a comparison to other cultures.
Assertion (A): Ibn Battuta was amazed by the efficiency of the postal system in India.
Reason (R): The postal system in India allowed for rapid communication across the vast territory.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
i. François Bernier served as a physician to Prince Dara Shukoh during his time at the Mughal court.
ii. Bernier's major work was dedicated to Louis XIV, highlighting the positive aspects of Indian society.
iii. His writings drew comparisons between India and developments in Europe, often portraying India unfavorably.
iv. Bernier's accounts were published in multiple languages shortly after their release in France.
When was Al-Biruni taken to Ghazni along with other scholars and poets?
Assertion (A): Al-Biruni believed that the caste system in India was not unique and could be compared to social divisions in ancient Persia.
Reason (R): Al-Biruni emphasized that within Islam, all men are equal, differing only in their piety, which contradicts the caste system's principles.
Where did Ibn Battuta stay for eighteen months as the qazi?
Which statement is correct for Al-Biruni's life and works?
i. Al-Biruni was born in Ghazni and lived there his entire life.
ii. He mastered Sanskrit during his stay in Punjab.
iii. Al-Biruni's Kitab-ul-Hind was originally written in Greek.
iv. He developed a keen interest in Indian culture during the Ghaznavid empire's expansion.
Arrange the following events in chronological order:
Assertion (A): Slaves were openly sold in markets like any other commodity.
Reason (R): Slaves were regularly exchanged as gifts in medieval India.
Consider the following statements:
Statement I: Al-Biruni was highly influenced by the works of Greek philosophers.
Statement II: François Bernier's writings were rapidly translated and gained immense popularity across Europe.
Al-biruni relied almost exclusively on the works of what?
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