Test: Land Reforms - Bank Exams MCQ

L. Cornwallis introduced the Zamindari system in 1793.

William Bentinck was the British Governor General who brought the idea of Mahalwari system. 

The practice of Rayotwari system was done in Maharashtra, Assam and East Bengal.

Uttar Pradesh started with doing away with the Zamindari system after independence.

Protection of the Sharecroppers was done through the Operation Barga

The three parallel ranges of Himalayas are:

Himadri (Great or Inner Himalayas)

• It is the most continuous range with an average height of 6000 meters.
• It remains covered with snow throughout the year.

 Himachal (Lesser Himalayas) 

• It lies to the south of Himadri.
• The average height of these mountains is between 3,700 to 4,500 meters.
• Famous ranges are: Pir Panjal range, Dhaula Dhar and Mahabharat ranges.
• Famous valleys like Kangra, Kullu, and Kashmir are situated in this valley.

 ​Shivalik (Outer Himalayas)

• These are outermost ranges of Himalayas and have an average height between 900 to 1100 meters. 
• These ranges are mainly composed of unconsolidated rock material, so these ranges are prone to earthquakes and landslides.
• The longitudinal valleys lying between lesser Himalayas and Shiwaliks are called ‘Duns’ like Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun, and Patlin Dun, etc.

• Amarkantak is the place from where the Narmada river originates.
• It rises from the Maikal ranges at the height of 1057 meters above sea level.
• Narmada river mainly flows in central India.
• It flows through the states of MP, Maharashtra, and Gujarat.
• It flows into the Gulf of Khambhat (Arabian Sea).
• Its total length is 1,312 km.

• The Pir Panjal Range is a range of Inner Himalayan mountains stretching from east-southeast (ESE) to west-northwest (WNW) through Himachal Pradesh, Indian state, and Jammu and Kashmir, Indian Union Territory.
• Pir Panjal is the greatest range of the Lesser Himalayas.
• The Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel, a rail tunnel of 11,215 meters passes through Jammu and Kashmir's Pir Panjal Range.
• The tunnel was opened to regular service on 26 June 2013.
• It is the longest railway tunnel in India and the fourth-longest tunnel in Asia.

• The land which may be classified as a wasteland such as barren hilly terrains, desert lands, ravines, etc. normally cannot be brought under cultivation with the available technology.
• If the land is left uncultivated for more than five years, it would be categorized as a culturable wasteland.
• Major factors are loss of topsoil due to water erosion; land degradation due to acidity; vegetal degradation with water erosion; and gully formation.

• Umananda Island is a small island in the midst of the River Brahmaputra. 
• It is located in Assam. 
• Because of its structure, it was named as the Peacock Island by the British.