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Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - NEET MCQ


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25 Questions MCQ Test Biology Class 12 - Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 for NEET 2024 is part of Biology Class 12 preparation. The Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 questions and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus.The Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 MCQs are made for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 below.
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Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 1

The techniques of using live organisms of enzymes from organism to produce products and processes useful to human is called?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 1

Biotechnology is the techniques of using live organisms of enzymes from organism to produce products and processes useful to human.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 2

EtBr fluoresces at the wavelength

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 2

Ethedium bromide fluoresces at the wavelength at 254 nm.

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Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 3

Phage is a______.

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 3

Phage is a virus that infects bacteria. Such viruses transfer their genetic materials into host bacteria and using the bacterial machinery increase in number and multiply rapidly to kill host cells.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 4

Plasmid is a________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 4

Plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. Plasmid is most commonly found in bacteria as small circular, double stranded DNA molecule.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 5

The technique used to produce large number of genetically identical offspring is called as______.

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 5

In this technique,  the desired DNA is linked to the virus or plasmid to make the multiple copy of desire substance in host body.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 6

Restriction enzymes belongs to a larger class of enzymes called?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 6

Restriction enzymes belongs to a larger class of enzymes called nucleases. Which are of two kinds endonucleases and exonucleases.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 7

The extraction of DNA from the agrose gel is called as______.

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 7

The extraction of DNA from the agrose gel is called as elution. There are many methods for eluting DNA from a piece of agrose.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 8

Proteins can be digested by

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 8

Protein can be digested by using enzyme protease to obtain DNA. In chromosome DNA is wrapped on histone protein.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 9

The nuclease will act on______.

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 9

The enzyme nuclease acts on nucleic acid DNA and RNA. This enzyme is used to hydrolyze nucleic acid.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 10

The polyacrylamide gel is used to separate proteins as________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 10

Protein molecules are smaller than DNA polynucleotide. Protein and DNA can be separated by polyacrylamide gel having minute pores through which protein can pass but not the DNA.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 11

Primers are______.

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 11

Primers are chemically synthesized oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA and the enzyme DNA polymerase.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 12

The separation and purification of recombinant protein product is called as______.

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 12

Downstream processing is the separation and purification of recombinant protein product. Downstream processing and quality control testing vary for different products

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 13

The smallest bands in the agarose gel will be towards

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 13

Gel electrophoresis technique involves separation of different segments of DNA according to their size. The smallest bands in the agarose gel will be towards positively charged anode.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 14

Which of the following is not a cloning vector?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 14

Option (C) is correct answer because a single stranded DNA or RNA tagged with a radioactive molecule is called a probe and it helps in the detection of mutated gene.

Option (A), (B) and (D) are not correct because YAC, BAC, pBR322 are vectors.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 15

Which of the following contributed in popularising the PCR (polymerase chain reactions) technique?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 15

If the process of replication ‘of DNA is repeated many times, the segment of DNA can be amplified to approximately billion times i.e., 1 billion copies are made. Such repeated amplification is achieved by the use of a thermostable DNA polymerase (isolated from a thermophilic bacterium Thermits aquaticus), which is active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double stranded DNA.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 16

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : When a particular restriction enzyme cuts strand of DNA, overhanging stretches or sticky ends are formed.

Reason (R) : Some restriction enzymes cut the strand of DNA a little away from the centre of palindromic site.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 16

Option (b) is the correct answer because when restriction enzymes cut the strand of DNA a little away from the centre of the palindrome sites, but between the same two bases on the opposite strands, then single stranded portions are left at the ends. These overhanging stretches on each strand are called sticky ends.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 17

Separation of DNA fragments is done by a technique known as

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 17

Option (1) is the correct answer because separation of DNA fragments which is carried out after restriction enzyme digestion, is done by a technique known as gel electrophoresis.

Option (2) is not the correct answer because polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used for amplification of gene of interest.

Option (3) is not the correct answer because recombinant DNA technology comprises altering genetic material outside an organism to obtain enhanced and desired characteristics in living organisms or as their products.

Option (4) is not the answer because Southern blotting is a method used for detection of specific DNA sequences in samples.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 18

The enzyme (a) is needed for isolating genetic material from plant cells and enzyme (b) for isolating genetic material from fungus. Choose the correct pair of options from the following :

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 18

Option (3) is the correct answer because cellulase is used to isolate genetic material from plant cells and chitinase is used to isolate genetic material from fungal cells.

Option (2) is incorrect because protease is used for digestion of proteins.

Option (1) and (4) are incorrect because lipase is used for the breakdown of lipids.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 19

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Polymerase chain reaction is used in DNA amplification.

Reason (R) : The ampicillin resistant gene is used as a selectable marker to check transformation.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 19

Both the statements are correct but the given reason is not the correct explanation. Polymerase chain reaction is used in DNA amplification.

Ampicillin resistance gene is a selectable marker that helps to check transformation by selection of transformants.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 20

Which of the following is correct sequence of process of recombinant DNA technology-
i. Isolation of DNA
ii. Isolation of desired DNA fragment.
iii. Fragmentation of DNA by restriction endonuclease.
iv. Transferring of into host
v. Ligation of DNA fragment into vector
vi. Culturing in host cell to get desired product.

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 20

The correct sequences of process of recombinant DNA technology are Isolation of DNA, fragmentation of DNA by restriction endonuclease, isolation of desired DNA fragment, ligation of DNA fragment into vector, transferring of into host and culturing in host cell to get desired product.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 21

Given below are two statements:

Statement I : Restriction endonucleases recognise specific sequence to cut DNA known as palindromic nucleotide sequence.

Statement II : Restriction endonucleases cut the DNA strand a little away from the centre of the palindromic site.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 21

Option (a) is the correct answer because both the statements I and II are correct. Each restriction endonuclease recognises a specific palindromic nucleotide sequences in the DNA. It will bind to the DNA and cut each of the two strands of double helix at specific points. Restriction enzymes cut the strand of DNA a little away from the centre of the palindrome site; but between the same two bases on the opposite strands. So both the statements I and II are correct.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 22

The sequence of the 5’ and 3’ primers for the following DNA sequence will be:
5’ AATGCGGCAATCGAGTC3’
3’ TTACGCCGTTAGCTCCAG5’

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 22

The sequence of the 5’ and 3’ primers for the given DNA sequence will be 5’ AATGC 3’, 5’ GACTC 3’.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 23

Which of the following is not a desirable feature of a cloning vector?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 23

Option (d) is the correct answer. Cloning vectors are the carriers of the desired gene in the host cell. The features desirable in a cloning vector are :-

  • Presence of origin of replication
  • Presence of marker genes
  • Presence of very few, preferably single recognition site for the commonly used restriction enzymes
Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 24

The agarose gel with high % of agar will lead to accumulation of large sized DNA fragment near the wells as:

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 24

The agarose gel with high percentage of agar will lead to accumulation of large sized DNA fragments near the wells as pore size is small near the well.

Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 25

During the purification process for recombinant DNA technology, addition of chilled ethanol precipitates out :

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology: Principles & Processes - 2 - Question 25

Various enzymes like protease, RNase, etc. are added to break down substances like proteins, RNA, etc. Once all these substances are broken down, DNA is left which is precipitated out by adding chilled ethanol.

Ethanol has a lower dielectric constant than water, making it to promote ionic bond formation the Na+ (from the salt) and the PO3 (from the DNA backbone), further, causing the DNA to precipitate.

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