Political Science: CUET Mock Test - 6 - CUET MCQ

The Correct Answer is Option 4 i.e Ashok Mehta, T.S. Ramanjuam and G.G. Mehta.

• The Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS) is a National Trade Union Centre in India.
• It was founded in West Bengal in 1948.
• Its founders included Basawan Singh (Sinha), Ashok Mehta, R.S. Ruikar, Mani Benkara, Shibnath Benerajee, R.K. Khedgikar, T.S. Ramanujam, VS. Mathur, G.G. Mehta.
• Mr. R.S. Ruikar was elected President and Ashok Mehta as its General Secretary.
• The HMS absorbed the Royists Indian Federation of Labour and the Socialist Hind Mazdoor Panchayat.

The correct answer is Socialist, Secular, and Integrity.
Key Points

The ‘Preamble’ of the Constitution of India is a brief introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose and principles of the document, and it indicates the source from which the document which derives its authority, meaning, the people.

• It was adopted on 26 November 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of India and came into effect on 26th January 1950.
• After the 42nd amendment, three new terms "Socialist, Secular, and Integrity" were added to the Preamble.
  • 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 is one of the most important amendments to the Indian Constitution.
  • It was enacted by the Indian National Congress headed by Indira Gandhi then.
  • Due to the large number of amendments this act has brought to the Indian Constitution, it is also known as the ‘Mini-Constitution.’
• Only one time the Preamble was amended in 1976 till date.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

• Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was the first president of India who declared a national emergency in 1975.

Key Points

• The national emergency was set in motion under Article 352 on June 25, 1975, on the grounds of internal disturbance and was in place for 21 months till its withdrawal on March 21, 1977.
• The four major occurrences of the 1975s following which Indira Gandhi declared the Emergency.
  • Navnirman Andolan in Gujarat.
  • The JP movement.
  • The railways’ protest.
  • The Raj Narain verdict.

Additional Information

• Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed:
  • ​Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was born on 13 May 1905 in the Hauz Qazi area of Old Delhi, India.
  • Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as the 5th president of India from 1974 to 1977.
  • He was a member of the Assam Pradesh Congress Committee from 1936 and of AICC from 1947 to 1974.
  • He was a Minister of Finance, Revenue, and labor in 1948 Gopinath Bordoloi Ministry.

Important Points

The Correct Answer is Option (1) i.e. Janata Party.

• The Janata Party was an amalgam of Indian political parties opposed to the Emergency that was imposed between 1975 to 1977 by the then Prime Minister, Shri Indira Gandhi.
• The party was founded by the leader Shri Jayprakash Narayan in the year 1977.
• Morarji Desai, the first PM of the non- Congress government belonged to the Janata Party.

Key Points

The correct answer is option 4, i.e. National Emergency.

Emergency provisions in India:

• Part XVIII and Articles 352 to 360 deal with emergency provisions in India.
• Emergency refers to a situation when the Central Government overrides the powers of the states in all or any matter of decision making.

Types of Emergency:

• National Emergency:
  • According to Article 352, National Emergency can be declared by the President on the grounds of war, external aggression or armed rebellion.
  • Its proclamation needs to be approved by both the houses of the parliament by a special majority within one month.
  • The emergency continues for a period of six months and needs approval after that for its extension beyond that.
  • Revocation or termination:
    • It automatically terminates after six months from its proclamation if not extended.
    • For revocation before a period of six months of its proclamation, the President revokes it after a resolution is passed by the Lok Sabha.
  • Imposition:
    • 1962: Indo-China War
    • 1971: Indo-Pak War
    • 1975: By Indira Gandhi Government (Presidency of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed) on the grounds of 'internal aggression'.
• State emergency:
  • It is also known as the President's Rule.
  • It can be imposed in a state under Article 356 on the grounds of failure of Constitutional Machinery.
  • It can be proclaimed or extended in a state after a resolution is passed by any of the houses by a simple majority only.
  • It can be revoked by the President at any time and no resolution needs to be passed by any of the houses.
• Financial Emergency:
  • Article 360 of The Constitution empowers the President to proclaim financial emergency in India on the grounds of Financial Instability.
  • The resolution for its proclamation needs to be passed by both the houses of the Parliament.
  • The emergency proclaimed under article 360 continues to exist until it has been revoked by the President.

The correct answer is League of Nations

Key Points

• The United Nations (UN) was established on 24 October 1945, after World War II, as a successor to the League of Nations. The League of Nations was founded after World War I in an attempt to prevent another such conflict.
• However, it was unable to prevent the outbreak of the Second World War, which highlighted its weaknesses and the need for a more powerful international organization, leading to the creation of the UN.

The correct answer is Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty

Key Points

• This treaty was indeed signed in 1972 between the United States and the Soviet Union.
• It was designed to prevent the creation of a national missile defense system by either country.
• The logic was to maintain the balance of power and deterrence by ensuring that neither side could fully defend against a nuclear attack, thus making the prospect of launching such an attack unattractive.
• It limited each country to two ABM complexes, which was later further limited to one per country in a 1974 Protocol.

Key PointsBiological Weapons Convention (BWC):
It was signed in 1972, the same year as the ABM Treaty, but its focus is on banning the development, production, and stockpiling of biological and toxin weapons.
Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC):
It was not signed in 1972; it was actually opened for signature in 1993 and went into effect in 1997. The CWC aims to eliminate chemical weapons and prevent their use, but it does not address missiles or nuclear weapons directly.
Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT):
The NPT, which entered into force in 1970, aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament.

The correct answer is 1978

Key Points

• The Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation (BAMCEF) was indeed established in the year 1978.
• This organization was founded to represent and work for the upliftment of the backward and minority communities within India, focusing on employees from these communities.
• Its formation marked a significant step towards advocating for social justice and equality within the Indian bureaucratic and societal framework.

The Correct Answer is August 2002

Key Points

• India signed the Kyoto Protocol on August 26, 2002.
• The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and commits its parties by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets.
• The Kyoto Protocol was an essential step in global efforts to combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Countries that ratified the Protocol were assigned maximum carbon emission levels and participated in carbon credit trading if they maintained lower emissions.

The correct answer is Agenda 21

Key Points

• Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally, and locally by organizations of the United Nations System, Governments, and Major Groups in every area in which humans impact the environment.
• It was adopted at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. Its aim is to address the pressing problems of today and to prepare the world for the challenges of the next century.
• It deals with sustainable development, conservation of biological diversity, forest management, and methods to tackle global climate change.

Additional InformationAntarctic Treaty
This treaty, signed in 1959 and entered into force in 1961, sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, establishes freedom of scientific investigation, and bans military activity on the continent. It is not directly related to sustainable development practices but focuses on the preservation of the Antarctic environment.
Montreal Protocol
Adopted in 1987, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is designed to reduce the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances to reduce their abundance in the atmosphere, thereby protecting the earth's fragile ozone layer. It targets chemicals different from those addressed by Agenda 21.
Energy Conservation Act
This act, which can vary by country, typically focuses on promoting energy efficiency and conservation. While it contributes to sustainable development by reducing energy consumption and mitigating climate change, it is more specific in scope compared to the broad and comprehensive approach of Agenda 21.

Nikita Khrushchev Placing Nuclear Missiles in Cuba

- Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, placed nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962.
- This event, known as the Cuban Missile Crisis, occurred in October 1962 and was a major confrontation during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
- The placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba by the Soviet Union led to a tense standoff between the two superpowers and brought the world to the brink of nuclear war.
- The crisis was eventually resolved through negotiations, with the Soviet Union agreeing to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for the United States promising not to invade the island nation.