Test: C++ OOP Concept

In OOPs, the property of enclosing data and its related functions into a single entity(in C++ we call them classes) is called encapsulation.

In OOPs, Polymorphism is the concept of allowing a user to override functions either by changing the types or number of parameters passed.

Abstraction is the concept of hiding things from the outer world and showing only the required things to the world, which is where access specifiers private, protected and public helps in keeping our knowledge hidden from the world.

Modularity means dividing a program into independent sub programs so that it can be invoked from other parts of the same program or any other program.

Singleton class allows the programmer to declare only one object of it, If one tries to declare more than one object the program results into error.

C++ does not allow a derived class pointer to point a base class pointer whereas Base class can point to a derived class object. Both base class and derived class can have pointer objects.

Functions of a class are also known as member functions of a class.

References cannot be made null whereas a pointer can be. References cannot be changed whereas pointers can be modified.
Pointers need * operator to dereference the value present inside it whereas reference does not need an operator for dereferencing.

There are two types of polymorphism in C++ namely run-time and compile-time polymorphisms.

Compile-time polymorphism is implemented using templates in which the types(which can be checked during compile-time) are used decides which function to be called.

Dynamic loading is the concept of adding new components to a program as it runs.

Ad-hoc polymorphism is a type of polymorphism in which a function denotes heterogeneous implementation depending upon the types of argument.

C++ is an object-oriented language and OOL uses a bottom-up approach to solve/view a problem.

Friend function is not a constructor whereas others are a type of constructor used for object initialization.

Friend function is not a member of the class. They are given the same access rights as the class member function have but they are not actual members of the class.