Test: Australia- Climate, Natural Vegetation - 2 - UPSC MCQ

Tropical rainforests are predominantly located in the northeastern part of Australia, mainly in Queensland. These rainforests are characterized by dense, evergreen forests with a high diversity of plant and animal species.

Eucalypts, commonly known as gum trees, dominate large areas of Australia. They are well-adapted to the continent's dry and fire-prone conditions. The forest canopy consists of eucalyptus trees, while the understory contains shrubs, grasses, and scattered acacias.

Mulga is a type of arid woodland found in the interior regions of Australia, particularly in the arid and semi-arid zones. It is dominated by the mulga tree (Acacia aneura), which has adapted to survive in harsh desert conditions.

Alpine vegetation can be found in the high altitude regions of the Australian Alps, including parts of New South Wales, Victoria, and the Australian Capital Territory. It is characterized by herb fields, heaths, and alpine meadows.

Mangroves thrive along the coastal areas of northern Australia, particularly in Queensland and the Northern Territory. These salt-tolerant forests grow in intertidal zones and estuaries, providing habitats for numerous marine species.

The southwestern region of Western Australia is predominantly characterized by mallee vegetation. It consists of low-growing eucalyptus trees with multiple stems arising from a lignotuber (a swollen underground root). The understory contains spinifex grasses, shrubs, and various flowering plants.

Heathlands are found in regions with poor soils, such as the sandy coastal areas of Western Australia and parts of New South Wales and Victoria. They are characterized by low-growing shrubs, including banksias, tea trees, and various flowering plants.

Desert vegetation in Australia, such as spinifex grasses, saltbushes, acacias, and resilient shrubs, has specialized adaptations to conserve water. These adaptations include deep root systems and reduced leaf surfaces.

Australia's tropical rainforests are primarily located in the state of Queensland, which is situated in the northeastern part of the country.

Mangroves play a vital role in coastal ecosystems by providing habitats for numerous marine species. They serve as nursery areas and protect coastal areas from erosion, acting as a buffer against storms and tidal forces.