Test: Food - CTET & State TET MCQ

Nitrogen is a vital element in amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. It is essential for the growth and development of plants.

Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals. This group includes all plants and some bacteria.

Iron is crucial for the formation of haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. Without sufficient iron, the body cannot produce an adequate amount of healthy red blood cells, leading to a condition known as iron-deficiency anemia. Including iron-rich foods in the diet is essential for maintaining healthy levels of haemoglobin in the blood.

Breaking down complex food into simpler substances is called Digestion.

Digestion is the process in which food is broken down into simpler forms with the help of enzymes. When we eat food, our body needs to extract nutrients from it in order to obtain energy and support various bodily functions. Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical processes.

• Assimilation: The process of absorbing and incorporating nutrients into the body after digestion.
• Egestion: The elimination of undigested waste materials from the body through the process of excretion.
• Absorption: The process by which nutrients from digested food are taken up into the bloodstream or cells of the body for use and distribution.

The finger-like projections are called “pseudopodia“. They not only help in engulfing food molecules but also help the organism in movement.

Production of Bile in the Liver

- The liver is the primary organ responsible for the production of bile in the human body.
- Bile is a yellow-green fluid that aids in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
- Hepatocytes, the main functional cells of the liver, synthesize bile by extracting waste products, cholesterol, and other substances from the blood.
- Bile is then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine to help with the digestion of fats.

Nitrogen is the most essential element in proteins. Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, with nitrogen playing a crucial role in the structure and function of proteins. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain nitrogen, which is necessary for the growth and repair of body cells and tissues.

The process of intake of food inside the body is known as Ingestion. It is a vital step in the process of animal nutrition. When animals eat or drink something, they are ingesting it.

Ingestion involves taking food into the mouth and swallowing it. The mouth is the starting point of the digestive system, where the process of breaking down food begins. Animals have different ways of ingesting food depending on their body structure and eating habits.

Rhizobium bacteria and leguminous plants have a symbiotic relationship where the bacteria fix nitrogen from the air into a form usable by the plant, while the plant provides nutrients and a home for the bacteria.

'Hydrochloric acid' (HCL) is an acid that is secreted in the stomach. It helps to kill the harmful bacteria that may enter with food.

Guard cells are specialized cells in the epidermis of leaves that control the opening and closing of stomata, thus regulating gas exchange and transpiration in plants.

The passage states that the process of cud returning to the mouth and being chewed is called Rumination.

Rumination is a special way of digesting food that happens in animals like cows, sheep, and goats. These animals have a special part in their stomach called the rumen that helps them get the most out of the nutrients in plants. When they eat, the food goes into the rumen where it gets broken down by tiny organisms and turns into a soft lump called cud.

Cuscuta, or dodder plant, is a parasitic plant that derives its nutrition by attaching to other plants. It lacks chlorophyll and depends entirely on the host plant for nutrients.

Vitamin D is renowned for its role in helping the body absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are essential minerals for the formation and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. It plays a crucial part in bone health and overall skeletal development.

Saprotrophs are organisms that decompose and absorb nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter. This group primarily includes fungi and some bacteria.

Certain bacteria, particularly those associated with the roots of leguminous plants, fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use as a nutrient.

Beriberi is a deficiency disease caused by the lack of vitamin B1 in the diet. It is characterized by symptoms such as weight loss and weak muscles. Foods rich in vitamin B1, such as beans, meat, eggs, and corn, are essential to prevent beriberi.

In the tests for protein and fats in food items, the essential step in both procedures is: Crushing the food item.

Crushing the food item is crucial because it helps in breaking down the food into smaller particles, making it easier to test for the presence of proteins and fats by allowing the reagents to interact more effectively with the food's components.

The stomach is described as having a flattened J shape and is the widest part of the alimentary canal.

Fig: Flattened J Shaped Stomach

Oesophagus is the part of the body which is responsible for carrying food from the mouth to the stomach. It is also commonly known as Food Pipe.

In the iodine test for starch, a blue-black color indicates the presence of starch in the tested food item. Iodine reacts with the starch molecules, forming a characteristic blue-black complex. This test is commonly used to detect the presence of starch in various food samples.

Dietary Fibres/Roughage play a significant role in aiding the movement of bowel, preventing constipation, and helping the body eliminate undigested food. Although they do not provide direct nutrition, they are essential for digestive health by promoting regular bowel movements and supporting overall gut health.

Goitre is a deficiency disease caused by the lack of iodine in the diet. In adults, it results in swollen glands at the throat, while in children, it can lead to stunted mental and physical development. Using iodized salt in the diet can help prevent iodine deficiency and Goitre.

Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow gases such as carbon dioxide to enter. These openings are crucial for photosynthesis.

The main product of photosynthesis is glucose, a simple sugar that provides energy and the starting material for other organic compounds in plants.

Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the plant mainly through the stomata in the leaves. It helps in nutrient transport and temperature regulation.

The Correct Option is d: Absorption

The process of digested food passing into the blood vessels in the wall of the intestine is called Absorption.
During digestion, food is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body for energy and other functions. After digestion takes place in the stomach and small intestine, the resulting nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, need to be transported into the bloodstream so that they can be distributed to various cells and tissues in the body.

Scurvy is a deficiency disease caused by the lack of vitamin C in the diet. Symptoms of scurvy include bleeding gums and delayed wound healing. Consuming vitamin C-rich foods like oranges, tomatoes, lemon, guavas, and amla can help prevent scurvy.

Those animals whose stomach is divided into four chambers to store different kinds of food are called Ruminant animals.
Example: cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, deer, elk, giraffes, cow , camels.

Iodine is a vital mineral required for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland utilizes iodine to produce thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are essential for regulating metabolism, growth, and development in the body. A deficiency in iodine can lead to thyroid disorders, emphasizing the critical role of iodine in maintaining thyroid health.