Newsletter: A condominium generally offers more value for its cost than an individual house because of economies of scale. The homeowners in a condominium association can collectively buy products and services that they could not afford on their own. And since a professional management company handles maintenance of common areas, condominium owners spend less time and money on maintenance than individual homeowners do.
The two portions in boldface play which of the following roles in the newsletter’s argument?
The main purpose of a university is to educate people and prepare them to lead fulfilling lives. One of the most valuable lessons a person can learn is the value of independence and self-sufficiency. Hence, scholarship grants should not be used to help students cover the cost of school. Unlike loans, which must be repaid from later earnings, or work-study programs, which require students to perform some task in exchange for financial assistance, scholarship grants do little to encourage independence or self-sufficiency.
Which of the following best describes the role played by the underlined phrase in the argument above?
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Although both white and black moths can be found in the relatively new industrial area of City X, the fact that only the white version can be found in the original, residential part of City X indicates that the black moth in City X is a recent evolutionary development. While the City X moth was originally white, mutant black moths living near the factories in the industrial area enjoyed a competitive survival advantage, since they blended in better with the sooty air and buildings. Also noteworthy is that the moths in nearby City Y, where there never were any factories, are all white.
In the given argument, what role do the bold-faced selections play?
Scientist: All other things being equal, the intensity of heat increases as the distance from the heat source decreases. Knowing this, most people conclude that the Earth`s seasons are caused by the Earth`s changing distance from the sun. In other words, winter occurs when the Earth is far from the sun, and summer occurs when the earth is close to the sun. However, we know that as North America experiences summer, South America experiences winter, even though the difference in the continents' distance to the sun is negligible. Therefore, the earth`s changing distance from the sun does not cause the seasons.
In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
The roads connecting two distant cities in the country of Kahuya allow travelers to drive at a speed of 20 miles per hour. If there are no monsoons which render the roads unusable, and if one makes only one half-hour stop every 4 hours, the journey can be made in 5 days.
In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
Flights across Continent X have always been quite expensive. Now, due to a rise in the price of oil, and, subsequently, the price of fuel, flights across Continent X are expected to become even more expensive. Fortunately for budget travellers, the growing competition in the market of intra-continental flights may prevent prices from rising dramatically.
In the above argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
Recently, animal right advocates have shown a willingness to allow scientists to perform cruel experiments on snakes and rats. This willingness betrays the very principles on which our movement depends. Protesting only the misuses of dogs, cats and chimpanzees is not enough. The same rights must be granted to all animals, regardless of how they strike our aesthetic sense. The line drawn between dogs and snakes is every bit as intolerable as that drawn between humans and dogs.
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the sentence highlighted in bold?
Hospital Administrator: The majority of HealthWize Hospital's income currently comes from three main insurance companies. In order to diversify its sources of income, the hospital will develop its outpatient services to provide clients with the opportunity to visit a nutritionist, a gym, and/or a masseuse on the hospital premises. Critics have protested that, at other hospitals, such plans have not worked because the funds raised through insurance payments far outweigh the money that will be brought in through these additional services. Nevertheless, this initiative will not result in a reduction of the hospital's income. Major service providers, including BeWell Nutrition and Fitness, have committed to moving their main branches to HealthWize Hospital, which will definitely prove to be an attraction for people from neighboring areas, making this a more popular venture than other hospitals'.
In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
Dr. Nash: Drug addiction/ abuse control programs that guarantee results mislead their customers. No program can ensure that someone who follows it will stop abusing drugs. These programs target dissatisfied and insecure people who are often driven more by emotion than by reason. Furthermore, many people who stop abusing drugs while on a program eventually start consuming drugs and again get addicted within a year. Therefore, while the programs’ give results for a short period, customers will be disappointed in the long term.
The two boldface portions in the argument above are best described by which of the following statements?
Some vegetarians have argued that there are two individually sufficient reasons for not eating meat―one based on health considerations, and the other based on the aversion to living at the expense of other conscious creatures. But suppose that eating meat were essential to good health for humans. Then it would be less clear that an aversion to living at the expense of other conscious creatures is enough of a reason to stop eating meat.
Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the bold-faced part?
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