Buying elaborate screensavers—programs that put moving images on a computer monitor to prevent damage—can cost a company far more in employee time than it saves in electricity and monitor protection. Employees cannot resist spending time playing with screensavers that flash interesting graphics across their screens.
Which one of the following most closely conforms to the principle illustrated above?
The legalization of drugs is advocated by no less respectable people than William F. Buckley and federal judge Edmund J. Reinholt. These people would not propose a social policy that is likely to be harmful. So there is little risk in experimenting with a one-year legalization of drugs.
In presenting her position the author does which one of the following?
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Proponents of nuclear power point out that new nuclear plants are so technologically sophisticated that the chances of a meltdown are extremely small. This is true, but it would still be unwise to build nuclear power plants, since the consequences of a meltdown are absolutely catastrophic.
The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to that in the argument above?
Derek: We must exploit available resources in developing effective anticancer drugs such as the one made from mature Pacific yew trees. Although the yew population might be threatened, the trees should be harvested now, since an effective synthetic version of the yew’s anticancer chemical could take years to develop.
Lola: Not only are mature yews very rare, but most are located in areas where logging is prohibited to protect the habitat of the endangered spotted owl. Despite our eagerness to take advantage of a new medical breakthrough, we should wait for a synthetic drug rather than threaten the survival of both the yew and the owl, which could have far-reaching consequences for an entire ecosystem.
Lola’s position most closely conforms to which one of the following principles?
Many people are alarmed about the population explosion. They fail to appreciate that the present rise in population has in fact been followed by equally potent economic growth. Because of this connection between an increase in population and an increase in economic activity, population control measures should not be taken.
The questionable pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following?
Damming the Merv River would provide irrigation for the dry land in its upstream areas; unfortunately, a dam would reduce agricultural productivity in the fertile land downstream by reducing the availability and quality of the water there. The productivity loss in the downstream area would be greater than the productivity gain upstream , so building a dam would yield no overall gain in agricultural productivity in the region as a whole.
The reasoning in the argument above most closely parallels that in which one of the following?
Joe’s Lumber stocks only two types of 2 × 4 planks, pine and oak. Roberto never uses pine to build his tables because he likes the heavier feel of oak and believes it is more durable. When he built Marion a dining room table he bought the wood from Joe’s Lumber, so the table must be made of oak.
The argument above is most similar in its logical structure to which one of the following?
Every new play that runs for more than three months is either a commercial or a critical success. Last year, all new plays that were critical successes were also commercial successes. Therefore, every new play that ran for more than three months last year was commercial success.
The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most similar to that in the argument above?
If Kai gets into Penn State, he will enroll in its business program. Assuming that he does enroll in its business program, he will complete his degree in three years. Therefore, if Kai gets into Penn State this year, he will graduate in three years.
The pattern of reasoning in the preceding argument most closely matches which of the following?
The widespread development of industrial robots is contributing to unemployment; therefore, "intelligent" machines are dangerous.
The argument above is most like which of the following?
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