Physician: In itself, exercise does not cause heart attacks; rather, a sudden increase in an exercise regimen can be a cause. When people of any physical condition suddenly increase their amount of exercise, they also increase their risk of heart attack. As a result, there will be an increased risk of heart attack among employees of this company due to the new health program.
The conclusion drawn by the physician follows logically if which one of the flowing is assumed?
Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain. While dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained while taking such antidepressants, some weight gain is unlikely to be preventable.
The information above most strongly supports which one of the following?
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A small company with a radical four-day workweek system is considering changing its policy. Currently, this company requires all employees to arrive at work in the company's office Monday through Thursday; they need not work Friday. The proposed policy would permit each employee every week to choose one day from Monday to Friday not to work.
The adoption of this policy would be most likely to decrease employees' productivity if the employees' job functions required them to
Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study's start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study's end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
Y has been believed to cause Z. A new report, noting that Y and Z are often observed to be preceded by X, suggests that X, not Y, may be the cause of Z.
Which of the following further observations would best support the new report’s suggestion?
Many institutions of higher education suffer declining enrollments during periods of economic slowdown. At two-year community colleges, however, enrollment figures boom during these periods when many people have less money and there is more competition for jobs.
Each of the following, if true, helps to explain the enrollment increases in two-year community colleges described above EXCEPT:
One summer, floods covered low-lying garlic fields situated in a region with a large mosquito population. Since mosquitoes lay their eggs in standing water, flooded fields would normally attract mosquitoes, yet no mosquitoes were found in the fields. Diallyl sulfide, a major component of garlic, is known to repel several species of insects, including mosquitoes, so it is likely that diallyl sulfide from the garlic repelled the mosquitoes.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
When a female fruit fly is placed in a cage with several potential mates, her offspring tend to be stronger than when she is caged with only a single male of average strength. Therefore, the female fruit fly must be able to determine which mate will give her the strongest offspring.
Which of the following, if true, is the best basis for a counterargument against the conclusion drawn above?
In the past most airline companies minimized aircraft weight to minimize fuel costs. The safest airline seats were heavy, and airlines equipped their planes with few of these seats. This year the seat that has sold best to airlines has been the safest one - a clear indication that airlines are assigning a higher priority to safe seating than to minimizing fuel costs.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
Factory manager: One reason the automobile parts this factory produces are expensive is that our manufacturing equipment is outdated and inefficient. Our products would be more competitively priced if we were to refurbish the factory completely with new, more efficient equipment. Therefore, since to survive in today’s market we have to make our products more competitively priced, we must completely refurbish the factory in order to survive.
The reasoning in the factory manager’s argument is flawed because this argument:
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