Test: Mineral Nutrition - 2 (Old NCERT) - JAMB MCQ

The deficiency symptoms tend to appear first in the young tissues whenever the elements are relatively immobile and are not transported out of the mature organs. Example, calcium.

The requirement of micronutrients is always in low amounts while their moderate decrease causes the deficiency symptoms and a moderate increase causes toxicity.

Manganese is required for the photolysis of water, a critical step in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where water is split to release oxygen, protons, and electrons.

Iron is considered a micronutrient, meaning plants require it in much smaller quantities compared to macronutrients like Nitrogen, Potassium, and Phosphorus, which are needed in larger amounts.

The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia by nitrogenase enzyme complex found in nitrogen-fixing bacteria(biological nitrogen fixation).

It is absorbed by plants in the form of divalent Mg²⁺.Magnesium is a constituent of the ring structure of chlorophyll and helps to maintain the ribosome structure.

Excess of manganese may, in fact, induce deficiencies of iron, magnesium and calcium. Thus, what appears as symptoms of manganese toxicity may actually be the deficiency symptoms of iron, magnesium and calcium.

Mineral absorption into the plant is always against the concentration gradient and use ATP molecules as source of energy is an active process. As concentration of minerals are always higher in cell than soil.

Hydroponics is the technique of growing plants in a soil-free, nutrient solution environment. This method is essential for determining the specific nutrients that are essential for plant growth, development, and reproduction by eliminating the variable of soil, allowing for a controlled study of nutrient requirements.

Except pseudomonas all other bacteria are free living, nitrogen fixing microbes.

Psedomonas is an denitrifying bacteria while remaining three are nitrifying bacterias

Chlorine is absorbed in the form of chloride anion (Cl–). Along with it Na+ and K+, it helps in determining the solute concentration and the anioncation balance in cells. It is essential for the water-splitting reaction in photosynthesis.

Copper is absorbed as cupric ions (Cu2+)which are essential for the overall metabolism in plants.

During nitrogen fixation atmospheric nitrogen is converted into nitrates and nitrites. When deficiency of nitrate occurs in soil, nitrogen fixation occurs. So, nitrate deficiency is prerequisite for nitrogen fixation.

Magnesium is absorbed by plants in the form of Mg2+ ions and plays a crucial role as a central component of the chlorophyll molecule. It also activates several enzymes involved in key processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, and the synthesis of DNA and RNA.

The xylem is the part of plant which conducts water from one location to another. But all the others are sources of nitrogen.

Phosphorus is a constituent of cell membranes, certain proteins, all nucleic acids and nucleotides

Calcium activates certain enzymes and plays an important role in regulating metabolic activities.

Mineral salts are translocated through xylem along with the ascending stream of water, which is pulled up through the plant by transpirational pull.

Nitrogen is absorbed by plants primarily in the forms of nitrate (NO3–), nitrite (NO2–), and ammonium (NH4+). It is a critical component of proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins, making it essential for plant growth and development.

Infected thread carries the bacteria tothe inner cortex. The bacteria get modified into rod-shaped bacteroidsand cause inner cortical and pericycle cells to divide. Division and growth of cortical and pericycle cells lead to nodule formation.

Chlorosis is the loss of chlorophyll leading to yellowing in leaves. This symptom is caused by the deficiency of elements. N, K, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Mo.

Explanation:The morphological changes are indicative of certain element deficiencies and are called deficiency symptoms.

During biological nitrogen fixation in root nodules of legumes, laghaemoglobin provide protect the nitrogenase from Oxygen.

Sulphur is most important nutrient for optimum growth and productivity of Pulses.

The critical concentration refers to the minimum amount of an essential element required before a plant shows signs of deficiency and growth is adversely affected.