Test: Sub-Phylum Vertebrata - JAMB MCQ

The notochord is a flexible rod-like structure present in the embryos of all vertebrates. It provides support and serves as a precursor to the development of the vertebral column or backbone.

Vertebrates do not possess a segmented body. They have a well-developed nervous system, bilateral symmetry, and an endoskeleton composed of bone or cartilage.

Chordata is the phylum to which the sub-phylum Vertebrata belongs. Mammalia, Reptilia, and Aves are classes within the sub-phylum Vertebrata.

All vertebrates have a four-chambered heart, which ensures efficient circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Gills for respiration are present in aquatic vertebrates, amniotic eggs are found in reptiles and birds, and mammary glands are specific to mammals.

Aves, commonly known as birds, is the class of vertebrates that possesses feathers. Feathers are unique to birds and serve various functions such as flight, insulation, and courtship display.

Internal fertilization, where the fertilization of eggs occurs inside the female's body, is a characteristic feature of all mammals. Mammals give birth to live young, except for monotremes (egg-laying mammals like platypus and echidna).

Mammalia is the class of vertebrates that possess a diaphragm for respiration. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that aids in breathing by expanding and contracting the chest cavity.

Amphibia is the class of vertebrates that possesses a three-chambered heart. This type of heart allows for a partial separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood but is less efficient than the four-chambered heart found in birds and mammals.

Amphibia, such as frogs and salamanders, are able to survive both on land and in water. They have adaptations that allow them to respire through their skin and undergo metamorphosis from an aquatic larval stage to a terrestrial adult stage.

Reptilia is the class of vertebrates that includes animals that are ectothermic, meaning their body temperature is primarily determined by the external environment. Mammals and birds, on the other hand, are endothermic and can regulate their body temperature internally.