Test: Inheritance - Year 11 MCQ

Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain DNA, which carries genetic information essential for inheritance and protein synthesis.

Crossing over occurs during Prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity.

In codominance, both alleles contribute equally and visibly to the phenotype, as seen in blood types AB where both A and B antigens are present.

Mitosis results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Replication is the process of copying DNA, while transcription and translation are key steps in protein synthesis. Folding refers to the process of a protein assuming its functional shape.

In monohybrid inheritance, a cross between two heterozygous individuals typically results in a 3:1 phenotypic ratio, where three offspring show the dominant trait and one shows the recessive trait.

Hemophilia is a sex-linked characteristic, as it is carried on the X chromosome and predominantly affects males.

Ribosomes are the sites of translation where mRNA is read and translated into a polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein.

Meiosis contributes to genetic diversity through crossing over (exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes) and independent assortment (random distribution of chromosomes to gametes).

During transcription, mRNA (messenger RNA) is synthesized as a copy of the gene's DNA sequence, which is later translated into a protein.