Verbal For CAT 2019 ( Slot - I) - CAT MCQ

Option A: It has been mentioned that food metabolism is used to maintain body temperature. But it cannot be inferred that heat is lost due to food metabolism.

Option B: The colder temperature of plumage results in slight heat gain from the surrounding air. Hence this option is incorrect.

Option C: In the last paragraph of the passage, it has been mentioned that heat is very important for the breeding of Emperor Penguins.

So it can be inferred that this conserved heat might be used in the reproductive process of Emperor Penguins. Hence C is the answer.

Option D: Consider the line: "Since their outer plumage is..........................thermal convection—the transfer of heat via the movement of a fluid (in this case, the air)." It is clear that the process of thermal convection is responsible for heat gain and not heat loss. Hence D is incorrect.

The primary findings of the study conclude that Emperor Penguins reduce the heat loss by keeping the temperature of the outer surface of their plumage lower than the surrounding air. In fact, they gain a little heat from the surrounding air through thermal convection.

Option A: If the plumage did not allow thermal convection, it would contradict the findings of the study. Hence A is not the answer.

Option B: Since the transfer of heat takes place through the plumage, variation in the average temperature of feet will not affect the conclusions of the study. Hence B is the answer.

Option C: The average temperature of plumage should be lower than that of the air. It has been mentioned in the passage that the temperatures of the plumage on their heads, chests and backs were -1.84, -7.24 and -9.76 degrees Fahrenheit respectively. If the temperature of the air is -10 degrees Fahrenheit, Penguins would not be able to gain the heat. Hence, this will negate the study findings.

Option D: All the temperatures mentioned in this option are higher than the temperature of the air, but the study assumes the surrounding air temperature to be higher. This option will also negate the study findings.

The word "paradoxically" has been used by the author to indicate the two contradictory characteristics mentioned in the statement.

Option A: This option states the exact opposite conclusion mentioned in the passage. As per the passage, penguins keep their plumage colder to keep their body warmer. Hence A is incorrect.

Option B: It has been mentioned that the penguins lose heat through radiation and gain heat through convection. Hence B is incorrect.

Option C: Although this statement is true, it does not contain self-contradictory parts. It has been mentioned that the heat loss and heat gain happen through the given processes but one has no relation to the other. Hence C is not the answer.

Option D: This statement combines two contradictory qualities. The penguins are keeping their plumage colder, which is responsible for the heat gain from the surrounding air and making their body warmer. Hence D is the answer.

Option A: Consider the sentence: "As the cold Antarctic air cycles around their bodies, slightly warmer air comes into contact with the plumage and donates minute amounts of heat back to the penguins, then cycles away at a slightly colder temperature." It has been mentioned in the passage that the plumage temperature is lower than the surrounding air temperature. Hence, "slightly warmer air" refers to the Antarctica air that surrounds the plumage and "at a slightly colder temperature" refers to the fall in temperature due to heat loss.

Option B: The process of convections and not radiation is involved in this case. Hence the first part of the option is incorrect. B is not the answer.

Option C: The passage does not mention air trapped in plumage. Hence this option is rejected.

Option D: "slightly warmer air" refers to the Antarctica air and not the air inside the penguins' bodies. Hence D is incorrect.

Option A: The startups Casper and Glossier are certainly breaking the trend of choice anxiety. Yet, the author argues that they are turning into something that they intended to disrupt. Hence, this does not capture the purpose of the author.

Option B: The author argues that even these startups are targeting select few mid-range customers rather than the lower classes. Hence, this option directly contradicts the author's claim.

Option C: These startups initially started as an exception to offering a wide variety of choices. Yet, due to limited customers, and want of steep growth, they might transform into a type of company that they intended to disrupt. Hence, this option correctly resounds the authors fear and captures his purpose of argument. Hence C is correct Option D: This option is largely vague and can have multiple interpretations. One interpretation can be that these startups are targeting a selected band of customers and do not have offering for lower-class customers. Hence, there is no uniform distribution.

Option A: Paragraph 1 says "choice fatigue is one reason so many people gravitate toward lifestyle influencers on Instagram". Hence, as per the passage, a company with wide range of products and a lifestyle influencer is likely to perform better than a company with only a wide range of products. Hence, this statement negates the claim of the author.

Option B: "As options have expanded for people with disposable income, the opportunity to buy even basic things such as fresh food or quality diapers has contracted for much of America’s lower classes." The author argues that a variety of products are offered only for a certain class of consumers other than the lower class. If a variety of options indeed helped the poor, then his argument is weakened.

Option C: "Research has consistently held that people who are presented with a few options make better, easier decisions than those presented with many". "Americans have lost the ability to sort through the sheer volume". Clearly, people are overwhelmed by options and prefer a lesser variety. Hence, option C is contradictory.

Option D: This option is largely vague and leaves unanswered questions behind. Also, the author doesn't make any comparison between the growth of these two type of companies. The author only says that, as the company targets only few consumers, for the want of growth they are likely to expand to variety of products. As there is no information about their growths, this option neither strengthens nor weakens the claim.

Option A: Paragraph 1 says "Since Americans have lost the ability to sort through the sheer volume of the consumer choices available to them" Since the product options are overwhelming, they are unable to sort through the options. Hence, option A can be inferred from the passage.

Option B: Paragraph 1 says "Research has consistently ..... industry unto itself." As people experience choice anxiety due to overwhelming options, they are unable to trust products while selecting. Hence, they look-out for celebrities and curators to make a decision.

Option C: There is no such comparison in the passage that shows people's preference towards products by startups. Hence, option C cannot be inferred.

Option D: Paragraph 1 says "a ghost now has to be in the retail machine, whether it’s an algorithm, an influencer, or some snazzy ad tech to help a product follow you around the internet". Due to our inability to sort, we depend on influencers or we are vulnerable to snazzy ads to purchase products. Hence, D can be inferred.

The author principally argues for lesser choices. He says that choice anxiety is overwhelming and people make better decisions with lesser choices.

He is also critical about companies targeting only a certain band of well-off customers and critiques them for not offering products for consumers of lower classes.

Hence, a product group with lesser variety, and targeted to lower class customers would be most acceptable to the author.

By "Depth", the author suggests a scenario that adds value or supplies additional information which supports his claim.

Option A: If the startup products grow exponentially and are self-sufficient and do not expand to other products, this scenario directly contradicts the author's probable prediction of these companies. Hence, it would add the least depth to the author's argument. A is the correct answer.

Option B: Lets consider that startups with few product options already exist. In such a case, these startups are no exceptions. For the sake of steep growth and surviving, they might have to expand into different product categories. Hence it adds some depth to the author's prediction.

Option C: "There may be no way to opt-out of stuff by buying into the right thing." The author is clearly displeased with startups ending up with overwhelming variety. Losing regular customers for better growth further invigorates the author's claim against numerous choices.

Option D: If the government doubles their tax rates, as these startups are dependent on select customers for income, they might have to venture into other products and varieties to accentuate their returns and keep the company afloat. Hence, their fate would likely end up the way the author predicted it to be.

Hence, it adds some value to his criticism.

"Residents of upscale residential developments have disclosed how important it is to maintain their community’s distinct identity, often by casting themselves in a superior social position and by reinforcing class and racial differences."

Option A: The option implies that the clients are made to feel at home. While the phrase “Residents of upscale residential developments” is used to capture the intent of social dominance of a particular class. Hence this option is incorrect.

Option B: The option implies that jingoism of a certain class might lead to topophobia. The option is yet again unrelated.

Option C: Residents of upscale residential developments intend to promote their community by reinforcing sectarian differences. This exclusivism (Practice of being exclusive/important) is clearly captured in the option. Hence C is correct.

Option D: Sensitive response indicates a considerate response where other's sentiments are considered. While these residents are inconsiderate and consider themself superior. Also, the option doesn't capture the purpose clearly. Hence, incorrect

Option A: The entire passage deals with "TOPOPHILIA" and "TOPOGRAPHY" is unrelated. Also, the author says that we experience topophilia in three forms and that we are not born with it.

Option C: An illustration of topophobia doesn't represent the author's view on topophilia Option D: The option speaks about glossophilia(Love of language) and is unrelated to topophilia 

Option B: "Topophilia connotes a positive relationship, but it often is useful to explore the darker affiliations between people and place.

Patriotism, literally meaning the love of one’s terra patria or homeland".

Despite a negative tone, the author says that one form of topophilia is patriotism. Even though not wholesome, it comes "closest" to the author's understanding of topophilia among the given options. Hence B is correct.

"As Tuan noted, purely aesthetic responses often are suddenly revealed, but their intensity rarely is longlasting. Topophilia is difficult to design for and impossible to quantify". The author says that people's response to aesthetics is shortlived and usually subsides overtime.

Hence, it is difficult to design or quantify.

Option A: "Amomie" means lack of morals or ethics. It is unrelated to the passage.

Option B: An objective analysis by architects does not explain the reason as to why it is difficult to quantify topophilia.

Option C: This statement is in the form of an opinion and does not explain the above statement.

Option D: Since every person has different topophilic attractions and have different responses to aesthetics. Capturing topophilia in the form of design is impossible. This option elaborates and explains the reason for quantifying topophilia. Hence option D is correct.

"And just as a beloved landscape is suddenly revealed, so too may landscapes of fear cast a dark shadow over a place that makes one feel a sense of dread or anxiety—or topophobia."

Option B speaks about topography, while Option C speaks about dread towards people.

Option D is unrelated to topophobia. Hence, all of them are incorrect

Option A clearly captures the essence of the last sentence in the passage.

Option A: "new urbanism seeks to... Although motivated by good intentions, such attempts to create places rich in meaning are perhaps bound to disappoint." The author says new urbanism that tries to induce a sense of place is bound to fail. Since there is no mention of clients, irrespectively new urbanism is going to fail. Hence, it is contradicting the author.

Option B: "His 1974 book set forth a wide-ranging exploration of how the emotive ties with the material environment vary greatly from person to person and in intensity, subtlety, and mode of expression." This option is contradicting the passage yet again.

Option C: The author lists out three ways of experiencing topophilia but doesn't emphasize about any one way. Hence, even though not contradictory, this option is factually misquoting the passage.

Option D: "Topophilia connotes a positive relationship, but it often is useful to explore the darker affiliations between people and place.

Patriotism, literally meaning the love of one’s terra patria or homeland.." Clearly, the author has a negative intonation when he says "darker affiliation". He presents patriotism as a darker manifestation of topophilia. Hence, this statement is correct and does not contradict the author. Hence option D is correct.

Cecil Sharp says "One man sings a song, and then others sing it after him, changing what they do not like". This signifies that folk music is constantly evolving. Hence, this adaptability contributes to its plurality. Hence the author is going to agree with option B "Just as the effusive ..... on countless record labels" This indicates that - "Just as the radical views of Morris became popular and mainstream, similarly folk music which is considered parochial is becoming popular and conformist. This popularity is being rejoiced by media as "folk is hip again". Hence, option C correctly captures this sentiment. "For the early-20th-century composers .... tradition itself." This line captures the idea that folk is also inspired by various philosophies and schools of thought. Hence, we can infer that folk is intellectually relevant in contemporary times. Option D is in coherence with the author's views.

Option A says that folk forms exhibit homogeneity. The author in the entire passage describes the diversity of folk and says it paves way for vivid imagination. "The very obscurity and anonymity of folk music's origins open up space for rampant imaginative fancies". Cecil Sharp cites an analogy of an oak tree to show the constant transformation of folk. Hence, this option is contradicting author's opinion and he is least likely to agree with it.

"Just as the effusive floral prints of the radical William Morris now cover genteel sofas, so the revolutionary intentions of many folk historians and revivalists have led to music that is commonly regarded as parochial and conservative.

Here the author compares two aspects. We know that William Morris is a radical conservationist as per para 1. (genteel refers to respectable/gentlemanly, genteel sofas refers to people in respectable place in life) As the footprints/views of William Morris becomes more popular i.e. as conservative folk forms once considered radical became more mainstream, similarly folk music which is considered parochial is now being revived by revivalists. The primary purpose is to show an analogy that a radical folk form became more mainstream/acceptable over time. This expression is best captured in option C

"Free of the taint of manufacture" been contested territory."

The phrase "Free of the taint of manufacture" is likely to have emerged post-industrialization when conservationists(conserving status quo especially natural resources) fancied a pre-industrial age and expressed nostalgic attachment towards it. Hence the main point of the first paragraph can be summarised as "Conservationists envisioned a cosy folk form inspired by preindustrial times".

Hence option B is the correct answer

" In the late 1960s, purists were suspicious of folk songs recast in rock idioms." Purists oppose any altercation or adaptation of original folk from and they criticized the adaptations by rock too. Hence, option B can be inferred

Folk music was inspired by revolutionary intentions in 1940s, various philosophies and school of thoughts in 1960s, Freedom of expression(Bob dylan) and psychedalia.

This shows a constant transformation of folk reinforcing the beliefs of Cecil Sharp. Option C is correct.

Option D can be rightly inferred from the lyrical freedom of bob dylan and revolutionary intentions in 1940s.

Option A : "In the late 1960s, purists were suspicious of folk songs recast in rock idioms. Electrification, however, comes in many forms." Even though the electrification of folk by rock was rejected by purists, electrification came in many forms and not individually by Rock alone. Hence, electrification of folk music is not caused by rock alone.

Hence option A cannot be inferred.

Option A and option D both signifies the inspiration of folk music from two different times. Folk is not limited to immediate past or to any

specific time-line. This contributes to the plurality of folk music.

Option C talks about "fluidity". Fluidity indicates flexibility or different modes of oral rendition. For example different vocal styles can be generated by pitch, rhythm, style of rendition. Hence, the variance in oral transmission of music can lead to various iterations of one original form. Hence, this again contributes to the diversity and plurality of folk music.

Option B: Popularity or unpopularity is an opinion. An opinion in no way contributes to the diversity of a folk form. It might be regarded as diverse opinions but does not inherently contribute to the diversity of folk itself. Hence, option B does not contribute to folk's plurality.

The passage says "describes his own hard-knocks upbringing and the way he marvelled at the extravagance of Versailles. The descriptions he uses were very similar to the descriptions of the lavish palace that ended up in Galland's version of the Aladdin story." Hence, option B and option C depicts the similarities of Hanna Diyab's life and Aladdin's character

Option D:"Diyab was ideally placed to embody the overlapping world of East and West, blending the storytelling traditions of his homeland with his youthful observations of the wonder of 18th-century France.". Since Diyab is a middle eastern man who came to France, his cross-culture experience would make him ideal to embody the character of Aladdin. Hence, option D gives evidence for the claim Aladdin is based on hana diyab's life.

Option A: Even though Diyab narrated the story, he might have read it somewhere or heard it from someone else, it doesn't necessarily give any insight about its relationship with his life.

It reflects not only "a history of the French and the Middle East, but also [a story about] Middle Easterners coming to Paris and that speaks to our world today,"

The above statement indicates that the primary reason for scholars to go back to aladdin is the intrigue about middle easterners coming to paris.

Option B and D have references from the third paragraph which is unrelated to the context.

While option C is one of the reasons, the primary reason as per the author is option A(traveler’s experience indicates middle easterners experience in france).

Option A can be considered as one of primary importance as he says "that speaks to the world today" highlighting the importance of middle-easterners coming to paris.

The narrative sensibility of Diyab's travelogue indicates similarity in characters of Aladdin and Diyab in terms of sensibility, being considerate. Hence, option A strengthens the passage's claim about Aladdin's character having ties with that of Diyab

Option B, Galland's acknowledgement again indicates that Aladdin might be predated than 1712 and might have some roots associated with Diyab

Option D, The affluence in the story of Aladdin and Diyab's travelogue have major similarities. This suggests that Aladdin maybe based on Diyab's life experiences. Hence, it supports the passage's claim about authorship.

As per option C, the French fairy tales inform us about the probable cause/motive behind writing Aladdin but doesn't lead to information regarding its authorship.

'"Galland wrote in his diary that he first heard the tale from a Syrian storyteller from Aleppo named Hanna Diyab Since he heard the story, option B is incorrect.

Also, the first paragraph implies that - While Arabian nights predates to medieval times, the earliest appearance of Aladdin is in 1712. Hence, option C and D are incorrect.

"Transmit" means passing from one person to another. This can imply that Diyab told it to Galland. Also, Aladdin is one of the stories of "Arabian Nights" (Others include Alibaba & 40 thieves, Sindbad). Hence option A is correct.

The second paragraph says that there are 2 possible motivations for writing the story of Aladdin, first being French fairy tales and second being French orientalism. He goes on to say, if aladdin is actually based on the life of hanna Diyab, then the idea of French orientalism is inversed.

"or that the story was invented in that 18th century period as a byproduct of French Orientalism, a fascination with stereotypical exotic Middle Eastern luxuries that was prevalent then. The idea that Diyab might have based it on his own life — the experiences of a Middle Eastern man encountering the French, not vice-versa — flips the script."

French Orientalism implies an intrigue of French towards Middle-eastern luxuries, while Diyab coming to France shows an interest of middle-easterners in France. Hence, the script is inversed if Aladdin's story is based on Hanna Diyab.

The question is looking for option which invalidates the inversion. This implies that the script shouldn't be inversed. This occurs when Aladdin's story is not based on Diyab.

Option C says that Diyab's travelogue doesn't bear any resemblance to Galland's Aladdin. This implies that Aladdin is not based on Diyab. Hence, the inversion of script doesn't occur/invalidated. None of the other options invalidate the script.

Hence, option C is correct

Option 4 and option 5 are related as both statement start with a suffix.

While option 3 is a continuation of the idea in option 3

Option 5 says that the suffix signifies pride, while option 3 elaborates on this and explains how it is displayed as pride to friends and families alike. Hence 53 is a logical block.

Among all the statements, 4 is the only one which doesn't have a pronoun or a tone indicating the presence of a preceding statement.

While 4 opens the statement, it must be succeeded by 1 as the terms cannot be explained at the end.

The logical coherence of this para jumble is 4(Introduction of terms)-1 (Explanation of terms)-5 (Consequence of terms (Pride))-3 (Elaboration of consequence)

Statement 2 speaks about modernism and that every phenomenon can be easily grasped. It is unrelated to the context of the passage and a misfit.

Hence, option 2 is the odd one out

Statement 4 and 1 form a logical block as statement 4 introduces the idea of developmental disorders while statement 1 cites example of such disorders.

Statement 4 cannot be opening as it has a phrase "like mind reading". While, Statement 3 can neither be an opening nor closing statement.

Hence, statement 2 is a good introductory statement as it starts by describing mind reading and statement 3 extends the idea of mindreading. As 3 doesn't fit anywhere else, it has to necessarily follow statement 2 

Hence, the correct order is 2341

differences in its essence and interpretation. Statement 4 says "its an example of" suggesting to the logical block 32 which shows misinterpretation of metaphor. Hence, 324 forms a block. While statement 1 can serve as both opening as concluding closing statement.

Both the sequesnces 3241 and 1324 seem accurate. Although CAT 2019, considered 3241 as the final answer to this parajumble with statement 1 concluding the paragragh.

Statement 2 is a suggestion to deal with criticism.

Statement 3 is a good opening statement as it sets the agenda for the passage.

Statement 4 says that in the upcoming future, repetitive criticism will not be permitted.

41 makes a logical block as statement 4 talks about a specific event, where mob frenzy attitude is curtailed by eliminating repetitive criticism. Until this occurs, we will live under mob-rule.

Statement 3 opens the passage that we need to learn to deal with criticism. While statement 2 extends the idea as to how one has to deal with criticism on a personal level. Then, the author speaks about curtailing mob culture by censoring repetitive criticism.

Hence, the correct logical order is 3241

Here, subliminal advertising represents some portion of the ad being difficult to comprehend or simply put, when one of the motives of the ad is so subtle that it is difficult to be understood by a layman.

While supraliminal advertising can be clearly conceived by most people.

Packard claims that the 'Hidden persuaders' use supraliminal advertising to entice customers by tapping into consumers without their knowledge. (....can be persuaded by supraliminal messages without their knowledge.) Option B and D say that the method is subliminal, hence, it is incorrect Option C says that people are well aware about being persuaded, hence incorrect.

Option A is a wholesome summary of the method of persuation.

The author also says that thinking/thoughts about a certain distant past is a necessity before one can speak about it.

He says that thoughts are a prerequisite before one talks about it. He also gives an example that various human-like symbols might have emerged without any immediate stimuli.

Option A and C: There is no mention of specificity to humans in the passage Option B : "All speech acts" is a false generalisation. The passage says that speaking about distant past requires thinking about it first Option D : It clearly captures the essence of the passage and says that one needs to think about distant past events before talking about them. Hence option D is correct.