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Mock Test for GRE - 8 - GRE MCQ


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30 Questions MCQ Test GRE Mock Test Series 2024 - Mock Test for GRE - 8

Mock Test for GRE - 8 for GRE 2024 is part of GRE Mock Test Series 2024 preparation. The Mock Test for GRE - 8 questions and answers have been prepared according to the GRE exam syllabus.The Mock Test for GRE - 8 MCQs are made for GRE 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Mock Test for GRE - 8 below.
Solutions of Mock Test for GRE - 8 questions in English are available as part of our GRE Mock Test Series 2024 for GRE & Mock Test for GRE - 8 solutions in Hindi for GRE Mock Test Series 2024 course. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for GRE Exam by signing up for free. Attempt Mock Test for GRE - 8 | 80 questions in 130 minutes | Mock test for GRE preparation | Free important questions MCQ to study GRE Mock Test Series 2024 for GRE Exam | Download free PDF with solutions
*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 1
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

Whether the languages of the ancient American peoples were used for expressing abstract universal concepts can be clearly answered in the case of Nahuatl. Nahuatl, like Greek and German, is a language that allows the formation of extensive compounds. By the combination of radicals or semantic elements, single compound words can express complex conceptual relations, often of an abstract universal character[Line 5].

The tlamatinime (those who know) were able to use this rich stock of abstract terms to express the nuances of their thought. They also availed themselves of other forms of expression with metaphorical meaning, some probably original, some derived from Toltec coinages. Of these forms, the most characteristic in Nahuatl is the juxtaposition of two words that, because they are synonyms, [Line 10] associated terms, or even contraries, complement each other to evoke one single idea. Used metaphorically, the juxtaposed terms connote specific or essential traits of the being they refer to, introducing a mode of poetry as an almost habitual form of expression.

Q. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding present-day research relating to Nahuatl?

Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 1

Choice A is correct: the tlamatinime are mentioned in the first sentence of the second paragraph, where it says they were able to use Nahuatl’s stock of abstract terms “to express the nuances of their thought.” This suggests that there is some evidence of what those thoughts were, and therefore Choice A can be inferred.

Choice B is correct: according to the next sentence, Nahuatl speakers used “forms of expression with metaphorical meaning,” some of which were probably “original” and others “derived from Toltec coinages.” That researchers know certain Nahuatl expressions are derived from Toltec suggests that they are able to trace the derivation of some Nahuatl expressions from another language besides Nahuatl, and therefore Choice B may be inferred.

Choice C is incorrect: the passage says that in Nahuatl there are single compound words that can express conceptual relations of an “abstract universal character” and mentions “other forms of expression with metaphorical meaning,” but it does not indicate whether metaphorical words or phrases are the only way that abstract universal concepts are expressed in Nahuatl, or whether researchers believe this about Nahuatl. Therefore Choice C cannot be inferred.

Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 2
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

Whether the languages of the ancient American peoples were used for expressing abstract universal concepts can be clearly answered in the case of Nahuatl. Nahuatl, like Greek and German, is a language that allows the formation of extensive compounds. By the combination of radicals or semantic elements, single compound words can express complex conceptual relations, often of an abstract universal character[Line 5].

The tlamatinime (those who know) were able to use this rich stock of abstract terms to express the nuances of their thought. They also availed themselves of other forms of expression with metaphorical meaning, some probably original, some derived from Toltec coinages. Of these forms, the most characteristic in Nahuatl is the juxtaposition of two words that, because they are synonyms, [Line 10] associated terms, or even contraries, complement each other to evoke one single idea. Used metaphorically, the juxtaposed terms connote specific or essential traits of the being they refer to, introducing a mode of poetry as an almost habitual form of expression.

Q. In the context in which it appears, “coinages” (line 9) most nearly means

Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 2
“Coinage” has two senses that are represented among the answer choices: in one sense it denotes coins and currency, while in the other it denotes things—especially words— that are invented. The fifth sentence draws a contrast between linguistic expressions original to Nahuatl and those derived from Toltec. In this context of original versus derived language, “coinages” means “inventions,” not “currencies.” Of the answer choices given, “creations” is the nearest equivalent of “coinages” in the sense of “inventions,” and therefore Choice B is the best answer.
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Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 3
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

At a certain period in Earth’s history, its atmosphere contained almost no oxygen, although plants were producing vast quantities of oxygen. As a way of reconciling these two facts, scientists have hypothesized that nearly all of the oxygen being produced was taken up by iron on Earth’s surface. Clearly, however, this explanation is inadequate. New studies show that the amount of iron on Earth’s surface was not sufficient to absorb anywhere near as much oxygen as was being produced. Therefore, something in addition to the iron on Earth’s surface must have absorbed much of the oxygen produced by plant life.

Q. In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following

roles?

Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 3

The passage presents an argument and the question asks you to identify the role the portions highlighted in boldface play in that argument. The first step in responding is to read through the passage quickly to get an understanding of what is being said. Then it is possible to go back and assess how the parts of the passage fit together into an argument.

In this passage the first sentence presents two pieces of information that seem to be in conflict—the atmosphere contained almost no oxygen even though plants were producing so much of it. The second sentence presents a hypothetical explanation that has been proposed for reconciling the discrepancy — that oxygen was absorbed by iron. The next sentence calls this hypothetical explanation inadequate and the following sentence gives a reason for that judgment — that there was insufficient iron for the proposed explanation to work. Finally, the last sentence draws the conclusion that there must have been something in addition to iron to absorb the oxygen.

Since the highlighted portions in the passage represent the main content of the third and fourth sentences, the task in this question is to find the answer choice whose two parts fit those sentences’ roles. It can be seen that answer Choice D fits the requirement: the third sentence does sum up the argument’s position about a hypothesis, and the fourth sentence gives grounds for the third. Therefore Choice D is the correct answer.

Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 4
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of [Line 5] singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters.

To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship [Line 10] between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass [Line 15] overnight on nights when their song rate was high.

These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves[Line 20] is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermoregulation if they [Line 25] spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales.

Q. The primary purpose of the passage is to
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 4
As mentioned above, the first paragraph mentions various costs associated with birdsong, but from that point onward, the focus of the passage is on evidence concerning the energy costs of singing, for nightingales in particular. Thus, the correct answer is Choice C. Although the passage mentions other costs, it does not compare them with one another, so Choice A is incorrect. Because the passage does not question any hypotheses, discuss benefits, or advance an alternative model of birdsong, Choices B, D, and E are incorrect.
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 5
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of [Line 5] singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters.

To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship [Line 10] between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass [Line 15] overnight on nights when their song rate was high.

These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves[Line 20] is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermoregulation if they [Line 25] spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales.

Q. The passage implies that during the day before a night on which a male nightingale’s song rate is high, that nightingale probably does which of the following?

[For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

apply.]
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 5
Choice B is correct.

Choice A is incorrect: the only reference to thermoregulation comes in line 24 and discusses nighttime activity, not daytime activity.

Choice B is correct: the second paragraph explains that birds store energy as fat deposits that can be estimated by measuring body mass, and that body mass at dusk was significantly higher in nightingales on nights when their song rate was higher.

Choice C is incorrect: while the passage does say that singing exposes birds to predators (line 3), it says nothing to suggest that they make special efforts to hide before singing, and in fact it says that nightingales spend extra time foraging (line 20).

Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 6
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of [Line 5] singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters.

To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship [Line 10] between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass [Line 15] overnight on nights when their song rate was high.

These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves[Line 20] is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermoregulation if they [Line 25] spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales.

Q. It can be inferred from the passage that compared with other costs of singing, which of the following is true of the energy costs of singing?

[For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.]
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 6
Choice B is correct.

Choice A is incorrect: you might infer that energy costs of singing are significant but no information is given to suggest that they are greater than other costs.

Choice B is correct: lines 4 - 5 say that discussions of the costs of singing have generally focused on energy costs.

Choice C is incorrect: the only mention of differences across species occurs in the discussion of the findings of Eberhardt and Chappell. These findings relate to energy costs alone and, if anything, suggest that energy costs vary considerably.

Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 7
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

In the past ten years, there have been several improvements in mountain-climbing equipment. These improvements have made the sport both safer and more enjoyable for experienced climbers. Despite these improvements, however, the rate of mountain climbing injuries has doubled in the past ten years.

Q. Which of the following, if true, best reconciles the apparent discrepancy presented in the passage?
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 7
In this question you are asked to identify the fact that would best reconcile the apparent discrepancy that the passage presents. The discrepancy is that despite improvements in mountain climbing equipment that have made climbing safer, the incidence of mountain-climbing injuries has greatly increased. Choice A explains how this could have happened — the improvements in equipment have led climbers to attempt feats that are beyond their level of skill. Therefore, Choice A is the correct answer.

None of the other choices provides information that resolves the discrepancy. Neither Choice B nor Choice C relates to conditions that have changed over the relevant ten-year period. Choices D and E do relate to the relevant period. But if, as Choice D says, techniques as well as equipment have improved, that fact by itself only makes the increase in injuries more puzzling. Choice E provides more data about the consequences of climbing accidents, but doesn’t suggest any explanation for the increase in injuries.

Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 8
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

The condition of scholarship devoted to the history of women in photography is confounding. Recent years have witnessed the posthumous inflation of the role of the hobbyist Alice Austen into that of a pioneering documentarian while dozens of notable senior figures—Marion Palfi, whose photographs of civil-rights activities in the South served as early evidence of the need for protective legislation, to name one—received scant attention from scholars. And, while Naomi Rosenblum’s synoptic History of Women Photographers covers the subject through 1920 in a generally useful fashion, once she reaches the 1920s, when the venues, forms, applications, and movements of the medium expanded exponentially, she resorts to an increasingly terse listing of unfamiliar names, with approaches and careers summarized in a sentence or two.

Q. The author of the passage cites Rosenblum’s book most likely in order to
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 8
As mentioned above, the topic of the passage is the unsatisfactory condition of scholarship devoted to the history of women in photography. Since Rosenblum’s book is clearly presented as an example of this unsatisfactory scholarship, Choice C is the correct answer. Choice D may seem appealing, because a strictly chronological approach might be inadequate to represent the explosive growth of the field in the 1920s. However, the sentence does not develop this idea, and this is not the reason for mentioning Rosenblum.
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 9
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

The condition of scholarship devoted to the history of women in photography is confounding. Recent years have witnessed the posthumous inflation of the role of the hobbyist Alice Austen into that of a pioneering documentarian while dozens of notable senior figures—Marion Palfi, whose photographs of civil-rights activities in the South served as early evidence of the need for protective legislation, to name one—received scant attention from scholars. And, while Naomi Rosenblum’s synoptic History of Women Photographers covers the subject through 1920 in a generally useful fashion, once she reaches the 1920s, when the venues, forms, applications, and movements of the medium expanded exponentially, she resorts to an increasingly terse listing of unfamiliar names, with approaches and careers summarized in a sentence or two.

Q. Which of the following statements about Marion Palfi is supported by the passage?

[For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

apply.]
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 9
Choice C is correct.

Choice A is incorrect: the passage does not state whether the period in which Palfi was working was an era when photography was static or in transition.

Choice B is incorrect: the passage does not state the nature of the subjects Austen photographed, nor compare their relative familiarity to those photographed by Palfi.

Choice C is correct: Palfi’s photographs played a role in subsequent events because they served as early evidence of the need for protective legislation.

Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 10
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

The condition of scholarship devoted to the history of women in photography is confounding. Recent years have witnessed the posthumous inflation of the role of the hobbyist Alice Austen into that of a pioneering documentarian while dozens of notable senior figures—Marion Palfi, whose photographs of civil-rights activities in the South served as early evidence of the need for protective legislation, to name one—received scant attention from scholars. And, while Naomi Rosenblum’s synoptic History of Women Photographers covers the subject through 1920 in a generally useful fashion, once she reaches the 1920s, when the venues, forms, applications, and movements of the medium expanded exponentially, she resorts to an increasingly terse listing of unfamiliar names, with approaches and careers summarized in a sentence or two.

Q. In the context in which it appears, “inflation” (line 2) most nearly means
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 10
The term “hobbyist” suggests Austen’s relative lack of seriousness as a photographer when compared with “senior figures,” yet her role has been elevated to that of a “pioneering documentarian” at the expense of these other figures. Choice D may be appealing in that this elevation could be considered a form of distortion, but Choice A is more specific as well as more in line with the dictionary definition of “inflated” as “expanded to an abnormal or unjustifiable volume or level.” Thus, Choice A, “exaggeration,” is the correct answer.
*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 11
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

When marine organisms called phytoplankton photosynthesize, they absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater, potentially causing a reduction in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a gas that contributes to global warming. However, phytoplankton flourish only in surface waters where iron levels are sufficiently high. Martin therefore hypothesized that adding iron to iron-poor regions of the ocean could help alleviate global warming. While experiments subsequently confirmed that such a procedure increases phytoplankton growth, field tests have shown that such growth does not significantly lower atmospheric carbon dioxide. When phytoplankton utilize carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, the carbon becomes a building block for organic matter, but the carbon leaks back into the atmosphere when predators consume the phytoplankton and respire carbon dioxide.

Q. It can be inferred from the passage that Martin’s hypothesis includes which of the following elements?

[For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

apply.]
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 11

All three choices are correct.

Martin’s hypothesis was that adding iron to iron-poor regions of the ocean could help alleviate global warming.

Choice A is correct: the passage presents Martin as using the standard understanding of how phytoplankton photosynthesize as a basis for the hypothesis.

Choice B is correct: the passage states that experiments confirmed that adding iron to iron-poor regions increases phytoplankton growth in those regions. Therefore, Martin’s prediction about this was correct.

Choice C is correct: it can be inferred that in Martin’s hypothesis the means by which adding iron in certain regions could alleviate global warming is that phytoplankton increase in those regions and absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. The passage states that predators who consume phytoplankton respire carbon dioxide, so that the carbon dioxide absorbed by phytoplankton reenters the atmosphere. Therefore, Martin’s prediction about this was incorrect.

Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 12
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

When marine organisms called phytoplankton photosynthesize, they absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater, potentially causing a reduction in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a gas that contributes to global warming. However, phytoplankton flourish only in surface waters where iron levels are sufficiently high. Martin therefore hypothesized that adding iron to iron-poor regions of the ocean could help alleviate global warming. While experiments subsequently confirmed that such a procedure increases phytoplankton growth, field tests have shown that such growth does not significantly lower atmospheric carbon dioxide. When phytoplankton utilize carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, the carbon becomes a building block for organic matter, but the carbon leaks back into the atmosphere when predators consume the phytoplankton and respire carbon dioxide.

Q. It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions predators (line 10) primarily in order to

[For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

apply.]
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 12
Lines 7–11 of the paragraph present the evidence against Martin’s hypothesis. Lines 7–8 present field test results showing that Martin’s hypothesis is incorrect, and the last sentence explains these results: the reason the increased phytoplankton resulting from the addition of iron do not reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide is that while the phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide, the gas reenters the atmosphere when it is respired by phytoplankton predators. Therefore Choice A is correct: predators are mentioned to explain why Martin’s hypothesis is incorrect. Choice B is not correct because while predators’ consumption of phytoplankton and respiration of carbon dioxide might be considered one indirect consequence of adding iron to iron-poor waters, identifying a consequence is not the primary function of the mention of predators. Choice C is incorrect because the reference to predators is used to explain how carbon dioxide reappears as a gas, and Choice D is incorrect because no connection is suggested between predators and the distribution of phytoplankton. Choice E is not correct because it is Martin who did not anticipate this factor, rather than the scientists who conducted the field tests.
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 13
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

Sparva, unlike Treland’s other provinces, requires automobile insurers to pay for any medical treatment sought by someone who has been involved in an accident; in the other provinces, insurers pay for nonemergency treatment only if they preapprove the treatment. Clearly, Sparva’s less restrictive policy must be the explanation for the fact that altogether insurers there pay for far more treatments after accidents than insurers in other provinces, even though Sparva does not have the largest population.

Q. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 13
The question asks you to identify among the answer choices a fact that would support the passage’s argument. The explanation offered in the passage can be supported by ruling out other explanations that might, given the information presented in the passage, appear likely. One obvious explanation for there being more medical treatments in Sparva is that there are more accidents there. Choice E rules out that explanation. So Choice E strengthens the argument in the passage and is the correct answer. Choices A and D each present consequences that are likely results of insurers in Sparva having to pay for more medical treatments. But neither bears on the cause of insurers having to pay for more treatments. Choice B does not strengthen the argument and may weaken it. A higher cost of medical care provides additional motivation for people to seek insurance payments to cover whatever post-accident care they receive. So Choice B might weaken the argument by providing an alternative explanation for insurers paying for more medical treatments in Sparva. According to the passage, whether treatment is emergency treatment is, in other provinces, an important criterion in determining insurers’ responsibility. But since this criterion does not apply in Sparva, Choice C is not directly relevant to the point that the passage is trying to establish.
*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 14
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

Elements of the Philosophy of Newton, published by Voltaire in 1738, was an early attempt to popularize the scientific ideas of Isaac Newton. In the book’s frontispiece, Voltaire is seen writing at his desk, and over him a shaft of light from heaven, the light of truth, passes through Newton to Voltaire’s collaborator Madame du Châtelet; she reflects that light onto the inspired Voltaire. Voltaire’s book commanded a wide audience, according to Feingold, because “he was neither a mathematician nor a physicist, but a literary giant aloof from the academic disputes over Newtonian ideas.” In other words, Voltaire’s amateurism in science “was a source of his contemporary appeal, demonstrating for the first time the accessibility of Newton’s ideas to nonspecialists.”

Q. Which of the following statements about Voltaire’s Elements of the Philosophy of

Newton can be inferred from the passage?

[For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

apply.]
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 14

All three choices are correct.

Choice A is correct: the paragraph states that one of the reasons Voltaire’s book commanded a wide audience is that he was “a literary giant.”

Choice B is correct: the paragraph states that Voltaire’s amateurism in science demonstrated that nonspecialists could also understand Newton’s ideas.

Choice C is correct: the paragraph refers to Voltaire’s collaborator, Madame du Châtelet. In the image described, she serves as the intermediary between Newton and Voltaire, conveying Newton’s ideas to Voltaire.

Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 15
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

Saturn’s giant moon Titan is the only planetary satellite with a significant atmosphere and the only body in the solar system other than Earth that has a thick atmosphere dominated by molecular nitrogen. For a long time, the big question about Titan’s atmosphere was how it could be so thick, given that Jupiter’s moons Ganymede and Callisto, which are the same size as Titan, have none. The conditions for acquiring and retaining a thick nitrogen atmosphere are now readily understood. The low temperature of the protosaturnian nebula enabled Titan to acquire the moderately volatile compounds methane and ammonia (later converted to nitrogen) in addition to water. The higher temperatures of Jupiter’s moons, which were closer to the Sun, prevented them from acquiring such an atmosphere.

Q. According to the passage, Titan differs atmospherically from Ganymede and Callisto because of a difference in
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 15
According to the last two sentences of the paragraph, Titan was able to acquire an atmosphere because of a prevailing low temperature, but Ganymede and Callisto could not because they were at a higher temperature. Because the reason for this difference in temperature was their respective distances from the Sun, Choice B is correct. The passage says nothing about differences in rate of heat loss, availability of methane and ammonia, or distance from their planets, and it explicitly states that the three moons are the same size.
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 16
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Directions: Answer the questions based on following reading passage.

Observations of the Arctic reveal that the Arctic Ocean is covered by less ice each summer than the previous summer. If this warming trend continues, within 50 years the Arctic Ocean will be ice free during the summer months. This occurrence would in itself have little or no effect on global sea levels, since the melting of ice floating in water does not affect the water level. However, serious consequences to sea levels would eventually result, because __________.

Q. Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 16
To logically complete the passage’s open-ended “because,” something is needed that will explain why the continuation of the warming trend would have serious consequences for sea levels. The passage explains that the melting of the Arctic Ocean ice will not affect sea levels because the contribution that the water contained in that ice makes to sea levels is the same whether the water is frozen or liquid. But Choice C points to a way in which increasing temperatures in the Arctic could add water to the ocean, namely by melting ice on the land. So Choice C logically completes the passage and is the correct answer.

Given that the passage has already explained that melting sea ice does not affect sea levels, the formation of sea ice described in Choice A does not explain why there would be consequences for sea levels.

Choices B, D, and E all describe possible consequences of increased temperatures in the Arctic, but none of these consequences suggests a mechanism by which sea levels would change. So none of these options provides a logical completion for the passage.

Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 17
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The ice on the front windshield of the car had formed when moisture condensed during the night. The ice melted quickly after the car was warmed up the next morning because the defrosting vent, which blows on the front windshield, was turned on full force.

Q. Which of the following, if true, most seriously jeopardizes the validity of the explanation for the speed with which the ice melted?
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 17
The speed with which the ice on the windshield melted is attributed to the air blowing full force from the defrosting vent onto the front windshield. This explanation of B is undermined if, as B states, no attempt was made to defrost the back window and the ice on the back window melted as quickly as did the ice on the windshield. Therefore, B is the best answer. In the absence of other information, the lack of ice condensation on the side windows that is mentioned in A is irrelevant to the validity of the explanation. C might support the explanation, since the air from the defrosting vent was warm. Neither of D and E gives a reason to doubt that air from the vent caused the ice's melting, and thus neither jeopardizes the explanation's validity.
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 18
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To prevent some conflicts of interest, Congress could prohibit high-level government officials from accepting positions as lobbyists for three years after such officials leave government service. One such official concluded, however, that such a prohibition would be unfortunate because it would prevent high-level government officials from earning a livelihood for three years.

Q. The official's conclusion logically depends on which of the following assumptions?
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 18
The official argues that prohibiting high-level government officials from accepting positions as lobbyists for three years would prevent the officials from earning a livelihood for that period. The reasoning tacitly excludes the possibility of such officials earning a living through work other than lobbying. Therefore, D, which expresses this tacit assumption, is the best answer. The official's argument does not depend on the assumption in A, since the argument would not be invalidated if some restrictions on the behavior of government officials were desirable. The official's argument does not depend on the assumption in B, since the argument would not be invalidated if lobbyists were not typically former high-level government officials. The official's argument does not depend on the assumption in C, since the argument would not be invalidated if former low-level government officials did often become lobbyists. The official's argument does not depend on the assumption in E, since the argument would not be invalidated if former high-level government officials could act as lobbyists indefinitely
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 19
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A conservation group in the United States is trying to change the long-standing image of bats as frightening creatures. The group contends that bats are feared and persecuted solely because they are shy animals that are active only at night.

Q. Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the group's contention?
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 19
The group's contention suggests that animals that are shy and active at night are feared and persecute for that reason. D establishes that raccoons and owls are shy and active at night, but that they are neither feared nor persecuted. Therefore, D is the best answer. Although an increasing prevalence of bats might explain the importance of addressing people's fear of bats, A does not address the original causes of that fear. B and E, while relevant to the rationality of people's fear of bats, do not affect the assessment of the accuracy of the group's contention. That bats are feared outside the United States, as C states, does not conflict with the group's explanation for fear of bats in the United States.
*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 20
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During the damaging drought of last year, many farmers found it difficult to make it, even with generous government _____.
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 20

The sentence indicates that because of the drought, farmers struggled economically, even with help from the government. The implication is that farmers were receiving monetary aid from the government. Therefore, the correct answers are B) subsidies and D) grants. Erosion, which means wearing away of the soil, does not make sense. Patents, which are sole rights for excluding others from producing an invention, does not make sense. Industries, which are the production of goods in factories, does not make sense. Marketing, which means advertising, might fit the context of the sentence, but there is no other choice with the same meaning.

*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 21
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The increasing gap between the very rich and the desperately poor is one of the most _____ economic trends of our time.
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 21

Many would view a growing disparity between rich and poor as a negative development. Therefore, the correct answers are A) disturbing and E) worrisome. Pervasive, which means widespread, might fit the context of the sentence, but there is no other choice which means the same thing. Unrecognized, which means unknown or unseen, might fit the context of the sentence, but there is no other choice which means the same thing. Asinine, which means extremely stupid or foolish, is incorrect. Combustible, which means explosive or incendiary, does not make sense.

*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 22
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Professors are often pressured to increase the grades of star athletes, however, I simply cannot do this, as I feel it violates my _____ as an instructor.
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 22

The word however is a clue in this sentence. It is reasonable to assume that many instructors would feel that being forced to change a grade for students is unethical. Therefore, the correct answers are B) integrity and E) ethics. Worth, which means value, would fit the context of the sentence, but there is no other choice with the same meaning. Freedom would fit the context of the sentence, but there is no other choice with the same meaning. Constitution, which can mean the composition of something, would fit the context of the sentence, but there is no other choice with the same meaning. Provenance, which means the origin of something, does not make sense.

*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 23
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Although she has led what many would consider a rather scandalous life, Nicole is unusually _____ about her past, even with people she has only just met.
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 23

The word although is a clue in this sentence. Many people would assume that if a person has led a scandalous life, they might be less than eager to discuss their life. The word although indicates that this is not the case, however. Therefore, the correct answers are C) forthright and E) candid. Private and tightlipped, both of which mean reserved, do not fit the context of the sentence. Onerous, which means burdensome, does not make sense. Arbitrary, which means based on random choice, does not make sense.

*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 24
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The defendant’s history of drug use and mental health issues was used very effectively by the prosecution, who made it a(an) _____ part of their case.
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 24

If the prosecution used the defendant's drug use and mental health very effectively, it is reasonable to assume that it was a large part of the prosecution's case. Therefore, the correct answers are A) integral and B) fundamental. Superfluous, which means unnecessary, does not make sense. Tangential, which means of superficial relevance, does not make sense. Insensitive, which means indifferent to someone's feelings, might fit the context of the sentence, but there is no other choice with the same meaning. Regulatory, which means serving or intended to regulate something, does not make sense.

*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 25
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Unfortunately, the long-term _____ of using such pesticides was not known at the time, and many farmers used them widely without fully understanding their harmful properties.
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 25

The word unfortunately is a clue in this sentence; it indicates that the use of pesticides had a negative impact in some way. Therefore, the correct answers are B) implications and E) ramifications. Benefits and advantages, both of which mean something that promotes or enhances well-being, are incorrect. Alacrity, which means brisk and cheerful readiness, does not make sense. Avarice, which means greed, does not make sense.

*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 26
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In the more undeveloped, isolated parts of the country, farmers still practice the simple, time-honored techniques of their _____.
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 26

The sentence is referring to an area which is undeveloped and isolated, and it is reasonable to assume that such an area is not likely to be modernized. Therefore, the correct answers are B) forebears and D) ancestors. Descendants, which means a person's offspring, does not make sense. Technicians, which are people trained in a particular technical process, does not make sense. Mentors, who are experienced and trusted advisers, can fit the context of the sentence, but there is no other choice with the same meaning. Germination, which means to cause to sprout or grow, does not make sense.

*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 27
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The intrusion of big business into education has only _____ the problems facing educators in the United States.
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 27

The word intrusion is a clue in this sentence. Since anything which intrudes would generally be considered negative, one can safely assume that the writer believes big business has had a negative impact on education. Therefore, the correct answers are A) compounded and E) exacerbated. Ameliorated and alleviated each mean to make something better, are incorrect. Benighted, which means in a state of pitiful intellectual or moral ignorance, does not make sense. Leavened, which means to have modified or lightened, does not make sense.

*Multiple options can be correct
Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 28
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The senator, who was _____ in a murder-for-hire scheme, took the dramatic step of resigning his office last week, after discussing the matter with advisers and staff.
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 28

By anyone's estimation, a murder-for-hire scheme is a terrible thing, and would most certainly bring an end to the career of a public figure, such as a senator. Therefore, the correct answers are C)implicated and D) incriminated. Victimized and targeted each mean to have been attacked or singled out, are incorrect. Saturated, which means to fill completely with something that fills or permeates, does not make sense. Indoctrinated, which means to have taught a person to accept a set of beliefs uncritically, does not make sense.

Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 29
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Directions: Choose the word or set of words that best completes the following sentence.

Q. Scientists often sound like they can only speak __________, for their __________, specialized expressions are all but unintelligible to the __________.
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 29
The best beginning clue for this question is the fact that the scientists are described as being "all but unintelligible." This means that they are basically completely unintelligible to those who do not understand their language. "Jargon" is a system of terms that are used in a profession but are very difficult to understand for those who are outside of the profession. The term "laity" is often used in religion to describe those who are not part of the clergy; however, it can also mean non-professional people as well. Therefore, this is a good contrast to the jargon-laden scientists described in the sentence. Finally, such language is difficult to understand. Something that is "cryptic" is obscure in this manner.

Note that while "academically - scholarly - public" could also be correct, the best answer is the one whose words more specifically reference their unintelligibility. While "acadmic" and "scholarly" work is often obscure and hard to understand this is not an inherent part of their definitions as words.

Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 30
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Directions: Choose the word or set of words that best completes the following sentence.

Q. Laura found the conversation to be quite _______________, as though her friends were afraid of introducing any truly interesting topics for fear of ______________ the ____________ of the gathering.
Detailed Solution for Mock Test for GRE - 8 - Question 30
The fact that Laura's friends feared to introduce anything interesting seems to hint that the conversation was quite boring and uneventful. The general idea is that it has nothing of real "bite" to it. The word "aseptic" directly means having no disease. Think of an antiseptic agent. This gets rid of anything that is diseased. A "septic tank" is where human waste is stored when there is no connection from a house to a sewage system. Apparently the friends feared anything that could disturb the peace or, to put it another way, the tranquillity of the gathering.
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