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Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - MCAT MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test Psychology and Sociology for MCAT - Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals

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Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 1

Biological altruism is when an organism behaves in a way that benefits other organisms, at a cost to itself. Which of the following is false about altruistic behavior in the biological sense?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 1
  • In non-evolutionary game theory, individual altruistic behavior is regarded as the “intentional” helping of others.
  • In evolutionary game theory, there is no conscious intention in altruism.
  • Therefore, biological altruism is NOT an individual’s conscious intention to help group members.
Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 2

When predators are present, vervet monkeys give alarm calls to warn fellow monkeys. In doing so, they attract attention to themselves, increasing their personal chance of being attacked.This behavior can be referred to as:

Detailed Solution for Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 2
  • Vervet monkey behave in a selfless way to warn monkeys in its group, calling attention to themselves in the presence of a predator.
  • The monkey who makes the warning sound increases their chances of being attacked but saves the rest of the group.
  • Biological altruism is when an organism behaves in a way that benefits other organisms, at a cost to itself.
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Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 3

Which of the following assumption is correct regarding optimal foraging behavior?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 3
  • Optimal foraging strategy is a type of cost-benefit analysis.
  • Optimal foraging strategy seeks the lowest spent energy for the highest energy yield.
  • Optimal foraging favors behavior that provides the maximum energy return.
Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 4

Which of the following is correct regarding social foraging?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 4
  • Social foraging can occur among kinship groups and non-kinship groups.
  • Solitary and social foraging are two disparate types of foraging behavior, and one is not necessarily more efficient than the other.
  • In-group competition may occur in social foraging situations when resources are scarce.
Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 5

Baby animals sometimes acquire behavioral characteristics from their parents. This type of copying behavior is referred to as:

Detailed Solution for Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 5
  • While some animal behaviors are genetic, there are also parts that are learned.
  • For example, baby animals acquire learned behaviors from their parents.
  • This acquisition of behavioral characteristic is referred to as imprinting.
Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 6

When a particular behavior has been selected for because it benefits the entire population or species, it is called:

Detailed Solution for Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 6
  • This concept refers to when natural selection acts at the level of the group and not just at the level of the individual.
  • This selection benefits the entire group or population.
  • Group selection refers to when natural selection acts at the group level.
Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 7

Sometimes in altruism, individuals recognize altruistic behavior from organisms that are unrelated to them, and at a later time, they in turn are inclined to support them. This behavior is referred to as:

Detailed Solution for Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 7
  • An organism may find that it would be beneficial to incur the cost of lowering their own fitness to help another if there is a chance of being in a situation where the one helped will return the favor.
  • This is a type of cooperation that is at first unconditional, but with expectations that this cooperation would be later maintained.
  • Reciprocal altruism is when an organism behaves in a way that reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar way later on.
Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 8

Altruism among organisms that are genetically similar allow these genes to be passed on to the next generation. Altruistically, organism behavior supports the survival of a relative or other individual organism, and enhances the genetic fitness of both the recipient of the act and the altruistic organism. This is an example of:

Detailed Solution for Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 8
  • This theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors or social traits.
  • We behave altruistically towards those who have similar genes.
  • This is referred to as inclusive fitness.
Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 9

Studies show that most people select mates who have similar characteristics or genotype as themselves. This type of mate selection can be referred to as:

Detailed Solution for Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 9
  • Humans often select mates who are similar to themselves.
  • For example, tall people are more likely to select tall mates, according to studies.
  • Positive assortative mating indicates that people are more likely to select mates who have similar genotype or traits.
Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 10

Which of the following would be most likely to occur according to the optimal foraging theory?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biological Explanations of Social Behavior in Animals - Question 10
  • Foraging behaviors is optimal when net energy gained in feeding is maximized
  • The energy content of the food (benefit) minus the energy spent in pursuing the food (cost) is taken into consideration.
  • Natural selection also favors behaviors that maximize energy acquisition if increased energy leads to increases in reproductive success.
  • Therefore, bigger birds eat more because maximum energy acquisition may lead to increases in reproductive success.
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