Test: Demographics - MCAT MCQ

• Relative deprivation theory studies the differences between perceived and actual reality.
• The mass society theory views social movements as irrational and suspicious.
• A feeling of having exhausted all conventional means to address the deprivation is an assumption made by relative deprivation theory.
• Exchange theory explains social interactions by the comparison of costs and benefits.
• People may not choose to join a social movement because of lack of resources.

• An underground economy is a market that is not regulated, taxed, or protected by the government
• A periphery country will have a weak central government and an economy based mostly on raw materials and unskilled production of goods.
• A semi-periphery country has a stable government and a diversified economy, but lacks global economic or political influence.
• Periphery countries have a weak central government with little industrialization, while semi-periphery countries often have a stable government and an expanding middle class.

• An age cohort must be taken from the same generation.
• A generation needs three common aspects: a sociocultural location or common experiences, a temporal location (20 to 25 years in length per generation), and a historical location or commonality of era.
• It is unclear that the entire group of 70 to 80 year old men shared any common experiences.
• A group of children, all of whom are being breastfed until age 2.

• A gender role is the expected or socialized behavioral norm displayed by an individual of a certain gender.
• Gender socialization can happen by many agents of socialization, such as the mass media, family, peers, and the family’s culture.
• Mass media reinforces social roles for men such as desire for competition, aptitude for STEM subjects, and the stereotype that it is unmanly to show emotions.
• The family can act as an agent of socialization by reinforcing gender specific roles such as housekeeping being the responsibility of women.
• A woman who loves to work on cars, can’t cook, and works as a physicist.

• One’s ethnicity is defined socially, by cultural characteristics.
• Prejudice is a prejudgment based on thoughts or feelings about a group, rather than personal experience.
• A stereotype is an oversimplified idea or belief about a specific group of people.
• Discrimination is biased action against a person or group of people.
• A biased action against a group of people based on socially defined cultural characteristics.

Demographics encompass a wide range of characteristics that provide a statistical profile of a population. It includes factors such as age, gender, income, education, and occupation, which help researchers understand the composition and characteristics of a specific group.

Occupation is a demographic characteristic that can be used to examine the relationship between income and educational attainment. It provides insights into the type of work individuals engage in, which often correlates with their level of education and income.

A demographic trend refers to a change in a population characteristic over time. The increase in the average age of first-time mothers represents a shift in the demographic pattern of childbirth, highlighting a change in societal norms and behaviors.

Crude population density is a measure of population distribution and is calculated by dividing the total population of an area by its land area. It provides information about the concentration of individuals within a specific geographic region.

Gender and marital status are two demographic factors that can influence income inequality. Examining the intersection of these factors allows sociologists to understand how gender and marital status interact to shape economic disparities within a population.