NTSE Level Test: Control & Coordination - Class 10

Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), in contrast to spinal nerves (which emerge from segments of the spinal cord). 10 of 12 of the cranial nerves originate in the brainstem. Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck.

When a receptor is stimulated, it sends a signal to the central nervous system, where the brain coordinates the response. But sometimes a very quick response is needed, one that does not need the involvement of the brain. This is called as the reflex action. In a simple reflex action:
Stimulus -> Receptor -> Sensory neuron -> Relay Neuron -> Motor neuron -> Effector (Muscle).
So, the correct answer is 'Receptors - Sensory neuron - Spinal cord - Motor neuron - Muscle'

Hormone, secretin: Hormone made by glands in the small intestine that stimulates pancreatic secretion. The word "hormone" was coined by the English physiologists Wm. M. Bayliss and Ernest H. Starling in connection with their discovery of secretin, the first hormone, in 1902.

Progesterone is an anti abortion hormone. 
It is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle. It plays important roles in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. Hence, progesterone is called as the " Anti-national abortion hormone ".

Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth owing to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital hypothyroidism) usually owing to maternal hypothyroidism.

The basal metabolic rate, which is the amount of calories required by the body at rest, is determined by two hormones produced by the thyroid gland :- thyroxine. 

A hormone called parathyroid hormone regulates the levels of calcium and phosphorus in your blood. When the phosphorus level is measured, a vitamin D level, and sometimes a PTH level, is measured at the same time. Vitamin D is needed for your body to take in phosphate.

The liver and pancreas are both exocrine and endocrine glands; they are exocrine glands because they secrete products—bile and pancreatic juice—into the gastrointestinal tract through a series of ducts, and endocrine because they secrete other substances directly into the bloodstream.

The correct answer is B as shrinkage of thymus mainly takes place due to a high level of sex hormones.

The correct option is C.
Hyposecretion of the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol leads to a disorder called Addison's disease. There may also be hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids with this disorder.

In frogs, growth and metamorphosis is regulated by Thyroxine gland. Thyroxine is secreted from thyroid gland. It stimulates the consumption of oxygen by metabolically active tissues and also increases the oxidation of glucose in tissues. Hence, tadpoles will undergo metamorphosis if they are injected with thyroxine.

Hypercalcemia is a condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal. Too much calcium in your blood can weaken your bones, create kidney stones, and interfere with how your heart and brain work. Hypercalcemia is usually a result of overactive parathyroid glands.

Cortisol is  steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands, which sit on top of each kidney.