Test: Hybridisation & Shapes of Molecules - Chemistry MCQ

The true statements of the incorrect ones are the number of orbitals formed after the hybridization is equal to the number of orbitals before hybridization, the hybrid orbitals have equal energy and the hybridization indicates geometry.

As the PCl5 molecule undergoes sp3d hybridization, it posses the geometry the trigonal bipyramidal. In the shape, the central atom is Phosphorous and the atoms at the five corners are Chlorine.

The formula of ethene molecule is C2H4. There is one sigma bond between two carbon atoms and 2 sigma bonds between each of the carbon and the hydrogens. So in total, it’s five (one pi-bond is present between the 2 carbon atoms).

In the BCl³ molecule, one s-orbital and two p-orbitals intermix and form three equivalent hybrid orbits. Therefore it undergoes sp² hybridization and forms trigonal planar shape, like B in the center and Cl in the 3 corners.

The exact meaning of hybridization is the intermixing of different orbitals in order to form a new set of equivalent orbitals otherwise known as hybridized orbitals. These hybrid orbitals are used in bond formation.

Octahedral geometry is possible when the atomic orbitals under undergoing sp³d² or d²sp³ hydration only. So it involves one s-orbital, three p-orbitals, and two d-orbitals. An example of this is SF₆.

The molecule of methane i.e. CH4 had undergone sp³ hybridization (1 s-orbital and 3 p-orbitals combine to give 4 sp³ orbitals). It exhibits tetrahedral geometry. In tetrahedral geometry, the angle between the bonds of corner atoms and the central atom is 109.5°.

When one s-orbital and p-orbital undergo hybridization, 2 sp orbitals are formed. One sp-orbital has 50% s-character and 50% p-character. They possess linear geometry and it’s also called diagonal hybridization.

In order to explain the bonding and shapes of every polyatomic atomic molecule like methane, carbon tetrachloride, water, boron trifluoride, etc, Pauling put-forth the concept of hybridization.

The hybridization is the intermixing of different orbitals in order to form a new set of equivalent orbitals otherwise known as hybrid orbitals. All the hybrid orbitals those have undergone the same hybridization have the same amount of energy.