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Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - CAT MCQ


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24 Questions MCQ Test CAT Mock Test Series and 500+ Practice Tests 2024 - Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1

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Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 1

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question.

Clothing production has been increasing steadily at a yearly rate of 4.5 percent, and the demand for fashion isn't letting up. In the past four decades, the global consumption of clothing has doubled. In some countries, the amount of clothing purchased per year is double what is discarded. This increased consumption comes at a cost to the environment, filling landfills and heightening greenhouse gas emissions.
As the trend increases, though, scholars have also noted that individuals view clothing as part of their identity. To better understand how clothing consumption affects the environment and consumers, scholar Kate Fletcher examined environmental and anthropological data from nine countries and several case studies to determine how sustainable fashion could change the consumer-clothes relationship.
Demand for clothing is often not one of necessity but is instead more of a social phenomenon, which Fletcher refers to as "instant gratification through consumption." For fashion to become more sustainable, designers will have to consider the consumer's relationship to clothes.
Fletcher's definition of sustainable fashion is twofold: it involves using more sustainable materials as well as designing clothes that are meant to last and to be enjoyed for a long time. Sustainable materials may be fabrics that give off low emissions, or use less water or energy to produce, and are durable enough to be worn again and again.
Durability extends beyond holding up to wear and tear—clothing can also be designed for the wearer to form new relationships with their clothes over time. As Fletcher writes, "Simply put, expending resources and effort to extend the lives of products pays few dividends unless the users of those pieces take advantage of the benefits provided by their longer life and this, in turn, acts to slow consumption."
Fletcher used a case study to see how durable designs work in action. A woman gifted a well-made dress to her neighbour, who proceeded to share the dress with her three daughters. They also shared the dress with their mother's sister and grandmother. Ultimately, six people got use of this dress over forty years.
Through this study, Fletcher highlights the social nature of fashion as a leading way to influence people to wear and purchase more sustainable items: "What one person chooses to wear, and to wear for a long time, is also affected by the decisions and actions of others." Having enough sustainable options isn't the issue. According to Fletcher, "Long-life garments exist, but…their extended lives are determined more by an ideology of use than by a garment's physical robustness."
While there have been some gains in the world of sustainable fashion, the demand for clothes surpasses current efforts. The fashion industry is still a leading cause of global emissions and continues to cause negative effects on land, water, and climate. Fletcher concludes by highlighting the importance of consumer action in the realm of sustainable fashion: "Durability involves people."

Q. What is the author trying to convey through the statement "durability involves people" mentioned in the last paragraph of the passage?

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 1

The main purpose of the phrase is to highlight how people have to view their garments more than simple clothing items. In the context of sustainable fashion, the author believes that people must think of a way through which they can extend their consumption of clothing rather than how clothing can be materialistically improved to last longer.
Option 1 - Although people have to take conscious efforts to make clothing durable, this is not what the author is trying to imply. This leaves out the relationship that people form with their clothes to make it long lasting.
Option 2 - This option does not focus on the consumers of clothes and is incorrect.
Option 3 - This statement rightly summarises the main purpose of the phrase.
Option 4 - The text through this phrase does not signify that material change is required for changing the relationships people form with their clothes.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 2

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question.

Clothing production has been increasing steadily at a yearly rate of 4.5 percent, and the demand for fashion isn't letting up. In the past four decades, the global consumption of clothing has doubled. In some countries, the amount of clothing purchased per year is double what is discarded. This increased consumption comes at a cost to the environment, filling landfills and heightening greenhouse gas emissions.
As the trend increases, though, scholars have also noted that individuals view clothing as part of their identity. To better understand how clothing consumption affects the environment and consumers, scholar Kate Fletcher examined environmental and anthropological data from nine countries and several case studies to determine how sustainable fashion could change the consumer-clothes relationship.
Demand for clothing is often not one of necessity but is instead more of a social phenomenon, which Fletcher refers to as "instant gratification through consumption." For fashion to become more sustainable, designers will have to consider the consumer's relationship to clothes.
Fletcher's definition of sustainable fashion is twofold: it involves using more sustainable materials as well as designing clothes that are meant to last and to be enjoyed for a long time. Sustainable materials may be fabrics that give off low emissions, or use less water or energy to produce, and are durable enough to be worn again and again.
Durability extends beyond holding up to wear and tear—clothing can also be designed for the wearer to form new relationships with their clothes over time. As Fletcher writes, "Simply put, expending resources and effort to extend the lives of products pays few dividends unless the users of those pieces take advantage of the benefits provided by their longer life and this, in turn, acts to slow consumption."
Fletcher used a case study to see how durable designs work in action. A woman gifted a well-made dress to her neighbour, who proceeded to share the dress with her three daughters. They also shared the dress with their mother's sister and grandmother. Ultimately, six people got use of this dress over forty years.
Through this study, Fletcher highlights the social nature of fashion as a leading way to influence people to wear and purchase more sustainable items: "What one person chooses to wear, and to wear for a long time, is also affected by the decisions and actions of others." Having enough sustainable options isn't the issue. According to Fletcher, "Long-life garments exist, but…their extended lives are determined more by an ideology of use than by a garment's physical robustness."
While there have been some gains in the world of sustainable fashion, the demand for clothes surpasses current efforts. The fashion industry is still a leading cause of global emissions and continues to cause negative effects on land, water, and climate. Fletcher concludes by highlighting the importance of consumer action in the realm of sustainable fashion: "Durability involves people."

Q. ''Long-life garments exist, but…their extended lives are determined more by an ideology of use than by a garment's physical robustness''. It can be inferred that when Fletcher says this she views durability as:

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 2

Fletcher is trying to negate the simple materialistic view of durability by emphasizing that durability is much more than that. It does not simply depend on physical factors, but also on ideological factors that guide consumer-clothing relations.

Option 1 - It cannot be inferred from the passage that durability is substituting the consumer-clothing relations.
Option 2 - This statement accurately reflects what Fletcher means.
Option 3 - This view cannot be inferred from the passage.
Option 4 - Durability does not result in these relations, rather it depends on consumer-clothing relations.

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Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 3

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question.

Clothing production has been increasing steadily at a yearly rate of 4.5 percent, and the demand for fashion isn't letting up. In the past four decades, the global consumption of clothing has doubled. In some countries, the amount of clothing purchased per year is double what is discarded. This increased consumption comes at a cost to the environment, filling landfills and heightening greenhouse gas emissions.
As the trend increases, though, scholars have also noted that individuals view clothing as part of their identity. To better understand how clothing consumption affects the environment and consumers, scholar Kate Fletcher examined environmental and anthropological data from nine countries and several case studies to determine how sustainable fashion could change the consumer-clothes relationship.
Demand for clothing is often not one of necessity but is instead more of a social phenomenon, which Fletcher refers to as "instant gratification through consumption." For fashion to become more sustainable, designers will have to consider the consumer's relationship to clothes.
Fletcher's definition of sustainable fashion is twofold: it involves using more sustainable materials as well as designing clothes that are meant to last and to be enjoyed for a long time. Sustainable materials may be fabrics that give off low emissions, or use less water or energy to produce, and are durable enough to be worn again and again.
Durability extends beyond holding up to wear and tear—clothing can also be designed for the wearer to form new relationships with their clothes over time. As Fletcher writes, "Simply put, expending resources and effort to extend the lives of products pays few dividends unless the users of those pieces take advantage of the benefits provided by their longer life and this, in turn, acts to slow consumption."
Fletcher used a case study to see how durable designs work in action. A woman gifted a well-made dress to her neighbour, who proceeded to share the dress with her three daughters. They also shared the dress with their mother's sister and grandmother. Ultimately, six people got use of this dress over forty years.
Through this study, Fletcher highlights the social nature of fashion as a leading way to influence people to wear and purchase more sustainable items: "What one person chooses to wear, and to wear for a long time, is also affected by the decisions and actions of others." Having enough sustainable options isn't the issue. According to Fletcher, "Long-life garments exist, but…their extended lives are determined more by an ideology of use than by a garment's physical robustness."
While there have been some gains in the world of sustainable fashion, the demand for clothes surpasses current efforts. The fashion industry is still a leading cause of global emissions and continues to cause negative effects on land, water, and climate. Fletcher concludes by highlighting the importance of consumer action in the realm of sustainable fashion: "Durability involves people."

Q. Which of the following states the best reason for the author of the passage to refer to the negative impacts of fashion industry?

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 3

The purpose of the author to list the negative effects of fashion industry is to highlight that a one-dimensional view regarding the usable life of clothing is not justified. One must incorporate other elements like consumer's relations with their clothes in order to charter further on the path of durability and sustainable fashion.

Option 1 - This statement cannot be inferred from the passage. Although both are listed to be responsible for the pollution, no intention to draw a parallel between them is present.
Option 2 - The author does not consider durability as non-essential, but multi-dimensional.
Option 3 - This statement is most appropriate as to why the author lists the negative impacts of fashion industry.
Option 4 - The impact of the fashion industry is not just limited to consumer's relation with clothing. The author states its impact on the environment.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 4

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question.

Clothing production has been increasing steadily at a yearly rate of 4.5 percent, and the demand for fashion isn't letting up. In the past four decades, the global consumption of clothing has doubled. In some countries, the amount of clothing purchased per year is double what is discarded. This increased consumption comes at a cost to the environment, filling landfills and heightening greenhouse gas emissions.
As the trend increases, though, scholars have also noted that individuals view clothing as part of their identity. To better understand how clothing consumption affects the environment and consumers, scholar Kate Fletcher examined environmental and anthropological data from nine countries and several case studies to determine how sustainable fashion could change the consumer-clothes relationship.
Demand for clothing is often not one of necessity but is instead more of a social phenomenon, which Fletcher refers to as "instant gratification through consumption." For fashion to become more sustainable, designers will have to consider the consumer's relationship to clothes.
Fletcher's definition of sustainable fashion is twofold: it involves using more sustainable materials as well as designing clothes that are meant to last and to be enjoyed for a long time. Sustainable materials may be fabrics that give off low emissions, or use less water or energy to produce, and are durable enough to be worn again and again.
Durability extends beyond holding up to wear and tear—clothing can also be designed for the wearer to form new relationships with their clothes over time. As Fletcher writes, "Simply put, expending resources and effort to extend the lives of products pays few dividends unless the users of those pieces take advantage of the benefits provided by their longer life and this, in turn, acts to slow consumption."
Fletcher used a case study to see how durable designs work in action. A woman gifted a well-made dress to her neighbour, who proceeded to share the dress with her three daughters. They also shared the dress with their mother's sister and grandmother. Ultimately, six people got use of this dress over forty years.
Through this study, Fletcher highlights the social nature of fashion as a leading way to influence people to wear and purchase more sustainable items: "What one person chooses to wear, and to wear for a long time, is also affected by the decisions and actions of others." Having enough sustainable options isn't the issue. According to Fletcher, "Long-life garments exist, but…their extended lives are determined more by an ideology of use than by a garment's physical robustness."
While there have been some gains in the world of sustainable fashion, the demand for clothes surpasses current efforts. The fashion industry is still a leading cause of global emissions and continues to cause negative effects on land, water, and climate. Fletcher concludes by highlighting the importance of consumer action in the realm of sustainable fashion: "Durability involves people."

Q. The author of the passage will agree with all the statements below, EXCEPT:

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 4

Option 1 - The author primarily highlights the importance of consumer clothing relations with respect to sustainable fashion.
Option 2 - No such inference can be drawn. If anything, consumers' need to instantly satisfy their clothing demands guides the manufacturers' decision.
Option 3 - This statement is clearly mentioned by the author in 'what one person . . . the decisions and actions of others.'
Option 4 - This statement is the theme and the inference of the whole passage.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 5

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Ethicists are still confronted by the traditional questions that have plagued them since the ancients. What does it mean to act, and to act well? How do we determine which actions are those which are moral, and which fall outside this sphere? And how do we negotiate the priority of all of these questions?
These, and many others, are questions of philosophical inquiry whose answers have tremendous ramifications. However in the modern philosophical context, which has been marked by declining religiosity and even a belief in rationality, they have been cut adrift from the context out of which they developed, searching for a foundation which is not forthcoming. At the same time, there is a paradoxical resurgence of interest in universalism within the international legal context and the discourse of human rights, which at this point lack a firm philosophical foundation.
Unfortunately, many of these movements appeal only to prudential arguments at best, and abstract pleas for the realization of human dignity at worst. Yet many of these notions, such as that of the innate dignity of the human being, possess an intuitive power which cannot be dismissed easily. In the absence of certainty for such intuitions it may be helpful to first ask: what are the power dynamics and systems of knowledge in our modern world, and what are their relationships to concepts of morality in general?
Contributing originally to the discourse of modernity, reconceptualization of temporality, and a reexamination of time's connection to language, would allow us to better understand the nature of systems of knowledge. Language both represents and maintains the particular notions and internal rules of a paradigm.
The concept of development within systems of knowledge, henceforth called paradigms, would be better understood were we to embrace a broader, organic concept of time more fluid, dynamic, and interconnected — like a self-sealing system rather than like the Newtonian perception of time. Heideggerian term of an "ecstatic" concept of time may be ascribed to this notion, a time of intense emotions experienced during sleep or while being in a reverie, a time beyond regiment and control. Within paradigms, the notion of a goal or endpoint can powerfully affect the generation and evolution of the paradigm itself.
One prominent philosophical example is the way in which ideal theories of the state in Communist theory were considered not simply a goal to be striven towards, but the inevitable endpoint of the dialectics of history. A less esoteric modern example might be the way in which modern physics strives to fit the requirements of a Unified Field Theory, or Theory of Everything as Stephen Hawking characterizes it, where all the components which shall make up this theory are known in advance.
This notion of ecstatic time in which the future requirements of paradigms have as much of an impact on their development as rules established in the past is analogous to the way in which nano technology systems dictate necessary developments from a notional future to past information structures.
The concepts we have of knowledge and our methods of understanding it would be altered somewhat by this premise. These paradigms of thought are insufficiently self-reflective, which has profound consequences when it comes to understanding the world, and ultimately, acting upon it.

Q. 'However in the modern philosophical context, which has been marked by declining religiosity and even a belief in rationality, they (philosophical questions) have been cut adrift from the context out of which they developed, searching for a foundation which is not forthcoming'. Which one of the following interpretations of this sentence would be closest in meaning to the original?

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 5

Option 2: It can be inferred from, '... in the modern philosophical context ... marked by declining religiosity ... they have been cut adrift from the context out of which they developed'. So, the philosophical questions of morality are moving away from their religious origins.
Option 1: The author does not suggest that religiosity is the solution for all of mankind's philosophical problems.
Option 3: This is not true. If anything, the reverse can be inferred. A rational approach might help solve moral dilemmas.
Option 4: No such claims are being made in the text.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 6

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Ethicists are still confronted by the traditional questions that have plagued them since the ancients. What does it mean to act, and to act well? How do we determine which actions are those which are moral, and which fall outside this sphere? And how do we negotiate the priority of all of these questions?
These, and many others, are questions of philosophical inquiry whose answers have tremendous ramifications. However in the modern philosophical context, which has been marked by declining religiosity and even a belief in rationality, they have been cut adrift from the context out of which they developed, searching for a foundation which is not forthcoming. At the same time, there is a paradoxical resurgence of interest in universalism within the international legal context and the discourse of human rights, which at this point lack a firm philosophical foundation.
Unfortunately, many of these movements appeal only to prudential arguments at best, and abstract pleas for the realization of human dignity at worst. Yet many of these notions, such as that of the innate dignity of the human being, possess an intuitive power which cannot be dismissed easily. In the absence of certainty for such intuitions it may be helpful to first ask: what are the power dynamics and systems of knowledge in our modern world, and what are their relationships to concepts of morality in general?
Contributing originally to the discourse of modernity, reconceptualization of temporality, and a reexamination of time's connection to language, would allow us to better understand the nature of systems of knowledge. Language both represents and maintains the particular notions and internal rules of a paradigm.
The concept of development within systems of knowledge, henceforth called paradigms, would be better understood were we to embrace a broader, organic concept of time more fluid, dynamic, and interconnected — like a self-sealing system rather than like the Newtonian perception of time. Heideggerian term of an "ecstatic" concept of time may be ascribed to this notion, a time of intense emotions experienced during sleep or while being in a reverie, a time beyond regiment and control. Within paradigms, the notion of a goal or endpoint can powerfully affect the generation and evolution of the paradigm itself.
One prominent philosophical example is the way in which ideal theories of the state in Communist theory were considered not simply a goal to be striven towards, but the inevitable endpoint of the dialectics of history. A less esoteric modern example might be the way in which modern physics strives to fit the requirements of a Unified Field Theory, or Theory of Everything as Stephen Hawking characterizes it, where all the components which shall make up this theory are known in advance.
This notion of ecstatic time in which the future requirements of paradigms have as much of an impact on their development as rules established in the past is analogous to the way in which nano technology systems dictate necessary developments from a notional future to past information structures.
The concepts we have of knowledge and our methods of understanding it would be altered somewhat by this premise. These paradigms of thought are insufficiently self-reflective, which has profound consequences when it comes to understanding the world, and ultimately, acting upon it.

Q. Which one of the following statements best summarises the author's position about human rights discussions?

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 6

The text states that, 'Unfortunately, many of these movements appeal only to prudential arguments at best, and abstract pleas for the realization of human dignity at worst. Yet many of these notions, such as that of the innate dignity of the human being, possess an intuitive power which cannot be dismissed easily.' So, these arguments do not address what really needs to be highlighted, and concern themselves with superficial arguments. Thus, 3 is correct.
1. Not correct. The notions cannot be easily rejected or dismissed since they possess intuitive power, even when they are mostly abstract. Refer to the extract - "Yet many of these notions, such as that of the innate dignity of the human being, possess an intuitive power which cannot be dismissed easily."
2. Not correct. The expression "confirmed intuition" makes this incorrect. Refer to the extract - "In the absence of certainty for such intuitions it may be helpful to first ask ... ". Thus, there is lack of certainty about intuitions that give power to notions of human dignity.
4. Not correct. The passage does not say that humans are innately intuitive. Instead, their dignity is innate, and many of the notions about human rights possess intuitive power.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 7

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Ethicists are still confronted by the traditional questions that have plagued them since the ancients. What does it mean to act, and to act well? How do we determine which actions are those which are moral, and which fall outside this sphere? And how do we negotiate the priority of all of these questions?
These, and many others, are questions of philosophical inquiry whose answers have tremendous ramifications. However in the modern philosophical context, which has been marked by declining religiosity and even a belief in rationality, they have been cut adrift from the context out of which they developed, searching for a foundation which is not forthcoming. At the same time, there is a paradoxical resurgence of interest in universalism within the international legal context and the discourse of human rights, which at this point lack a firm philosophical foundation.
Unfortunately, many of these movements appeal only to prudential arguments at best, and abstract pleas for the realization of human dignity at worst. Yet many of these notions, such as that of the innate dignity of the human being, possess an intuitive power which cannot be dismissed easily. In the absence of certainty for such intuitions it may be helpful to first ask: what are the power dynamics and systems of knowledge in our modern world, and what are their relationships to concepts of morality in general?
Contributing originally to the discourse of modernity, reconceptualization of temporality, and a reexamination of time's connection to language, would allow us to better understand the nature of systems of knowledge. Language both represents and maintains the particular notions and internal rules of a paradigm.
The concept of development within systems of knowledge, henceforth called paradigms, would be better understood were we to embrace a broader, organic concept of time more fluid, dynamic, and interconnected — like a self-sealing system rather than like the Newtonian perception of time. Heideggerian term of an "ecstatic" concept of time may be ascribed to this notion, a time of intense emotions experienced during sleep or while being in a reverie, a time beyond regiment and control. Within paradigms, the notion of a goal or endpoint can powerfully affect the generation and evolution of the paradigm itself.
One prominent philosophical example is the way in which ideal theories of the state in Communist theory were considered not simply a goal to be striven towards, but the inevitable endpoint of the dialectics of history. A less esoteric modern example might be the way in which modern physics strives to fit the requirements of a Unified Field Theory, or Theory of Everything as Stephen Hawking characterizes it, where all the components which shall make up this theory are known in advance.
This notion of ecstatic time in which the future requirements of paradigms have as much of an impact on their development as rules established in the past is analogous to the way in which nano technology systems dictate necessary developments from a notional future to past information structures.
The concepts we have of knowledge and our methods of understanding it would be altered somewhat by this premise. These paradigms of thought are insufficiently self-reflective, which has profound consequences when it comes to understanding the world, and ultimately, acting upon it.

Q. According to the passage, all of the following are true about ecstatic time EXCEPT that:

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 7

Option 2: (The concept of development within systems of knowledge, henceforth called paradigms, would be better understood were we to embrace a broader, organic concept of time more fluid, dynamic, and interconnected - like a self-sealing system rather than like the Newtonian perception of time. Heideggerian term of an "ecstatic" concept of time may be ascribed to this notion.) So, the ecstatic time is the opposite to the Newtonian view of time.
Also, ecstatic time is fluid, dynamic, and interconnected in nature (option 3).
Refer to the line: "ecstatic" concept of time may be ascribed to this notion, a time of intense emotions experienced during sleep or while being in a reverie, a time beyond regiment and control. So, options 1 and 4 can be inferred from the text.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 8

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Ethicists are still confronted by the traditional questions that have plagued them since the ancients. What does it mean to act, and to act well? How do we determine which actions are those which are moral, and which fall outside this sphere? And how do we negotiate the priority of all of these questions?
These, and many others, are questions of philosophical inquiry whose answers have tremendous ramifications. However in the modern philosophical context, which has been marked by declining religiosity and even a belief in rationality, they have been cut adrift from the context out of which they developed, searching for a foundation which is not forthcoming. At the same time, there is a paradoxical resurgence of interest in universalism within the international legal context and the discourse of human rights, which at this point lack a firm philosophical foundation.
Unfortunately, many of these movements appeal only to prudential arguments at best, and abstract pleas for the realization of human dignity at worst. Yet many of these notions, such as that of the innate dignity of the human being, possess an intuitive power which cannot be dismissed easily. In the absence of certainty for such intuitions it may be helpful to first ask: what are the power dynamics and systems of knowledge in our modern world, and what are their relationships to concepts of morality in general?
Contributing originally to the discourse of modernity, reconceptualization of temporality, and a reexamination of time's connection to language, would allow us to better understand the nature of systems of knowledge. Language both represents and maintains the particular notions and internal rules of a paradigm.
The concept of development within systems of knowledge, henceforth called paradigms, would be better understood were we to embrace a broader, organic concept of time more fluid, dynamic, and interconnected — like a self-sealing system rather than like the Newtonian perception of time. Heideggerian term of an "ecstatic" concept of time may be ascribed to this notion, a time of intense emotions experienced during sleep or while being in a reverie, a time beyond regiment and control. Within paradigms, the notion of a goal or endpoint can powerfully affect the generation and evolution of the paradigm itself.
One prominent philosophical example is the way in which ideal theories of the state in Communist theory were considered not simply a goal to be striven towards, but the inevitable endpoint of the dialectics of history. A less esoteric modern example might be the way in which modern physics strives to fit the requirements of a Unified Field Theory, or Theory of Everything as Stephen Hawking characterizes it, where all the components which shall make up this theory are known in advance.
This notion of ecstatic time in which the future requirements of paradigms have as much of an impact on their development as rules established in the past is analogous to the way in which nano technology systems dictate necessary developments from a notional future to past information structures.
The concepts we have of knowledge and our methods of understanding it would be altered somewhat by this premise. These paradigms of thought are insufficiently self-reflective, which has profound consequences when it comes to understanding the world, and ultimately, acting upon it.

Q. Which of the following accurately depicts an endpoint of a paradigm affecting the evolution of the paradigm itself?

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 8

Only option 4 depicts this notion. The research methodology is changed in order to meet the end goal of explaining the hypotheses. Hence, it depicts the idea of the end result influencing the evolution process.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 9

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question:

So far, the history of hypnotism has given us two manifestations, or methods, that of passes and playing upon the imagination in various ways, used by Mesmer, and that of physical means, such as looking at a bright objects, used by Braid. Both of these methods are still in use, and though hundreds of scientific men, including many physicians, have studied the subject for years, no essentially new principle has been discovered, though the details of hypnotic operation have been thoroughly classified and many minor elements of interest have been developed. All these make a body of evidence which will assist us in answering the question, what is hypnotism.
Modern scientific study has pretty conclusively established the following facts:

  • Idiots, babies under three years old, and hopelessly insane people cannot be hypnotised.
  • No one can be hypnotised unless the operator can make him concentrate his attention for a reasonable length of time.
  • Concentration of attention, whatever the method of producing hypnotism, is absolutely necessary.
  • Persons not easily hypnotised are those said to be neurotic (or those affected with hysteria). By 'hysteria' is not meant nervous excitability, necessarily. In medical science 'hysteria' is an irregular action of the nervous system. It is a tendency to nervous disease which in severe cases may lead to insanity.

The expert hypnotiser often tries to rummage through the human mind, looking for small pieces of evidence that might link turbulence today to occurrences forgotten. Dr. Ernest Hart says :
''It is a common delusion that the mesmerist or hypnotiser counts for anything in the experiment. The operator, whether priest, physician, charlatan, self-deluded enthusiast, or conscious impostor, is not the source of any occult influence, does not possess any mysterious power, and plays only a very secondary and insignificant part in the chain of phenomena observed. There exist at the present time many individuals who claim for themselves, and some who make a living by so doing, a peculiar property or power as potent mesmerisers, hypnotisers, magnetisers, or electro-biologists. I hope to be able to prove, what I firmly hold, both from my own personal experience and experiment, that there is no such thing as a potent mesmeric influence, no such power resident in any one person more than another; that a glass of water, a tree, a stick, or a lime-light can mesmerise as effectually as can any individual. A clever hypnotiser means only a person who is acquainted with the physical or mental tricks by which the hypnotic condition is produced; or sometimes an unconscious impostor who is unaware of the very trifling part for which he is cast in the play."

Q. It can be inferred from the passage that hypnotism is effective in each of the following cases EXCEPT:

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 9

1. Incorrect. 'Except' makes this option invalid. The last three lack the ability to concentrate.
2. Incorrect. This does not address the question at all.
3. Incorrect. 'Recently recovered' makes this option invalid.
4. Correct. The crux of the passage is that if you cannot get your subject to concentrate, you cannot hypnotise - 'Idiots, babies under three years old, and hopelessly insane people cannot be hypnotised. No one can be hypnotised unless the operator can make him concentrate his attention for a reasonable length of time.' Option 4 is correct.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 10

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question:

So far, the history of hypnotism has given us two manifestations, or methods, that of passes and playing upon the imagination in various ways, used by Mesmer, and that of physical means, such as looking at a bright objects, used by Braid. Both of these methods are still in use, and though hundreds of scientific men, including many physicians, have studied the subject for years, no essentially new principle has been discovered, though the details of hypnotic operation have been thoroughly classified and many minor elements of interest have been developed. All these make a body of evidence which will assist us in answering the question, what is hypnotism.
Modern scientific study has pretty conclusively established the following facts:

  • Idiots, babies under three years old, and hopelessly insane people cannot be hypnotised.
  • No one can be hypnotised unless the operator can make him concentrate his attention for a reasonable length of time.
  • Concentration of attention, whatever the method of producing hypnotism, is absolutely necessary.
  • Persons not easily hypnotised are those said to be neurotic (or those affected with hysteria). By 'hysteria' is not meant nervous excitability, necessarily. In medical science 'hysteria' is an irregular action of the nervous system. It is a tendency to nervous disease which in severe cases may lead to insanity.

The expert hypnotiser often tries to rummage through the human mind, looking for small pieces of evidence that might link turbulence today to occurrences forgotten. Dr. Ernest Hart says :
''It is a common delusion that the mesmerist or hypnotiser counts for anything in the experiment. The operator, whether priest, physician, charlatan, self-deluded enthusiast, or conscious impostor, is not the source of any occult influence, does not possess any mysterious power, and plays only a very secondary and insignificant part in the chain of phenomena observed. There exist at the present time many individuals who claim for themselves, and some who make a living by so doing, a peculiar property or power as potent mesmerisers, hypnotisers, magnetisers, or electro-biologists. I hope to be able to prove, what I firmly hold, both from my own personal experience and experiment, that there is no such thing as a potent mesmeric influence, no such power resident in any one person more than another; that a glass of water, a tree, a stick, or a lime-light can mesmerise as effectually as can any individual. A clever hypnotiser means only a person who is acquainted with the physical or mental tricks by which the hypnotic condition is produced; or sometimes an unconscious impostor who is unaware of the very trifling part for which he is cast in the play."

Q. The author's labeling of a hypnotist as an "unconscious impostor" intends to buttress his claim that

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 10

1. Incorrect. This is not what the author tends to argue. This in fact is too negative an option to be the right answer.
2. Incorrect. Neurotics cannot be hypnotised. This has been stated clearly in the passage
3. Correct. 'Unconscious' means that the person meant to act as hypnotic, may not be even aware that he is meant to do the same, meaning that hypnosis hardly requires any special knowledge. 'Impostor' means that any person can perform the role of a hypnosis, which again means that no special/skilled person is required to hypnotise a subject. "I hope to be able to prove, what I firmly hold, both from my own personal experience and experiment, that there is no such thing as a potent mesmeric influence..." Option 3 is correct.
4. Incorrect. True, but he should possess the quality of getting his subject to concentrate.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 11

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question:

So far, the history of hypnotism has given us two manifestations, or methods, that of passes and playing upon the imagination in various ways, used by Mesmer, and that of physical means, such as looking at a bright objects, used by Braid. Both of these methods are still in use, and though hundreds of scientific men, including many physicians, have studied the subject for years, no essentially new principle has been discovered, though the details of hypnotic operation have been thoroughly classified and many minor elements of interest have been developed. All these make a body of evidence which will assist us in answering the question, what is hypnotism.
Modern scientific study has pretty conclusively established the following facts:

  • Idiots, babies under three years old, and hopelessly insane people cannot be hypnotised.
  • No one can be hypnotised unless the operator can make him concentrate his attention for a reasonable length of time.
  • Concentration of attention, whatever the method of producing hypnotism, is absolutely necessary.
  • Persons not easily hypnotised are those said to be neurotic (or those affected with hysteria). By 'hysteria' is not meant nervous excitability, necessarily. In medical science 'hysteria' is an irregular action of the nervous system. It is a tendency to nervous disease which in severe cases may lead to insanity.

The expert hypnotiser often tries to rummage through the human mind, looking for small pieces of evidence that might link turbulence today to occurrences forgotten. Dr. Ernest Hart says :
''It is a common delusion that the mesmerist or hypnotiser counts for anything in the experiment. The operator, whether priest, physician, charlatan, self-deluded enthusiast, or conscious impostor, is not the source of any occult influence, does not possess any mysterious power, and plays only a very secondary and insignificant part in the chain of phenomena observed. There exist at the present time many individuals who claim for themselves, and some who make a living by so doing, a peculiar property or power as potent mesmerisers, hypnotisers, magnetisers, or electro-biologists. I hope to be able to prove, what I firmly hold, both from my own personal experience and experiment, that there is no such thing as a potent mesmeric influence, no such power resident in any one person more than another; that a glass of water, a tree, a stick, or a lime-light can mesmerise as effectually as can any individual. A clever hypnotiser means only a person who is acquainted with the physical or mental tricks by which the hypnotic condition is produced; or sometimes an unconscious impostor who is unaware of the very trifling part for which he is cast in the play."

Q. Which of the following options is similar to the work of a capable hypnotist as described in the passage?

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 11

1. Incorrect. No new project and almost no preparatory work is involved in hypnotist's case.
2. Incorrect. Irrelevant analogy. This comes nowhere close to the task performed by a hypnotist.
3. Correct. A hypnotist, like an archaeologist, goes to the depth (of human mind) trying to relate present to the past. "The expert hypnotiser often tries to rummage through the human mind, looking for small pieces of evidence that might link turbulence today to occurrences forgotten."
4. Incorrect. There is no amendment/modification/improvement involved in a hypnotist's work.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 12

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question:

So far, the history of hypnotism has given us two manifestations, or methods, that of passes and playing upon the imagination in various ways, used by Mesmer, and that of physical means, such as looking at a bright objects, used by Braid. Both of these methods are still in use, and though hundreds of scientific men, including many physicians, have studied the subject for years, no essentially new principle has been discovered, though the details of hypnotic operation have been thoroughly classified and many minor elements of interest have been developed. All these make a body of evidence which will assist us in answering the question, what is hypnotism.
Modern scientific study has pretty conclusively established the following facts:

  • Idiots, babies under three years old, and hopelessly insane people cannot be hypnotised.
  • No one can be hypnotised unless the operator can make him concentrate his attention for a reasonable length of time.
  • Concentration of attention, whatever the method of producing hypnotism, is absolutely necessary.
  • Persons not easily hypnotised are those said to be neurotic (or those affected with hysteria). By 'hysteria' is not meant nervous excitability, necessarily. In medical science 'hysteria' is an irregular action of the nervous system. It is a tendency to nervous disease which in severe cases may lead to insanity.

The expert hypnotiser often tries to rummage through the human mind, looking for small pieces of evidence that might link turbulence today to occurrences forgotten. Dr. Ernest Hart says :
''It is a common delusion that the mesmerist or hypnotiser counts for anything in the experiment. The operator, whether priest, physician, charlatan, self-deluded enthusiast, or conscious impostor, is not the source of any occult influence, does not possess any mysterious power, and plays only a very secondary and insignificant part in the chain of phenomena observed. There exist at the present time many individuals who claim for themselves, and some who make a living by so doing, a peculiar property or power as potent mesmerisers, hypnotisers, magnetisers, or electro-biologists. I hope to be able to prove, what I firmly hold, both from my own personal experience and experiment, that there is no such thing as a potent mesmeric influence, no such power resident in any one person more than another; that a glass of water, a tree, a stick, or a lime-light can mesmerise as effectually as can any individual. A clever hypnotiser means only a person who is acquainted with the physical or mental tricks by which the hypnotic condition is produced; or sometimes an unconscious impostor who is unaware of the very trifling part for which he is cast in the play."

Q. Which of the following best describes the essential difference between the two historical approaches on mesmerism?

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 12

1. Incorrect. This option omits Braid's approach altogether.
2. Correct. Refer to the line: '...that of passes and playing upon the imagination in various ways, used by Mesmer, and that of physical means...' Option 2 is correct.
3. Incorrect. Irrelevant to the context of concentration being the most essential parameter of hypnotism.
4. Incorrect. Irrelevant to the context of concentration being the most essential parameter of hypnotism.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 13

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage.

The following speech was delivered by Catiline, a Roman politician and revolutionary, to his soldiers on the eve of the battle which resulted in his defeat and death.
I am well aware, soldiers, that words cannot inspire courage; and that a spiritless army cannot be rendered active, or a timid army valiant, by the speech of its commander. Whatever courage is in the heart of a man, whether from nature or from habit, so much will be shown by him in the field; and on him whom neither glory nor danger can move, exhortation is bestowed in vain; for the terror in his breast stops his ears.
I have called you together, however, to give you a few instructions, and to explain to you, at the same time, my reasons for the course which I have adopted. Two armies of the enemy, one on the side of Rome, and the other on that of Gaul, oppose our progress; while the want of corn, and of other necessaries, prevents us from remaining, however strongly we may desire to remain, in our present position. Whithersoever we would go, we must open a passage with our swords. I conjure you, therefore, to maintain a brave and resolute spirit; and to remember, when you advance to battle, that on your own right hands depend riches, honour, and glory, with the enjoyment of your liberty and of your country. If we conquer, all will be safe; we shall have provisions in abundance, and the colonies and corporate towns will open their gates to us. But if we lose the victory through want of courage, those same places will turn against us; for neither place nor friend will protect him whom his arms have not protected. Besides, soldiers, the same exigency does not press upon our adversaries, as presses upon us; we fight for our country, for our liberty, for our life; they contend for what but little concerns them, the power of a small party. Attack them, therefore, with so much the greater confidence, and call to mind your achievements of old.
We might, with the utmost ignominy, have passed the rest of our days in exile. Some of you, after losing your property, might have waited at Rome for assistance from others. But because such a life, to men of spirit, was disgusting and unendurable, you resolved upon your present course. If you wish to quit it, you must exert all your resolution, for none but conquerors have exchanged war for peace. To hope for safety in flight, when you have turned away from the enemy the arms by which the body is defended, is indeed madness. In battle, those who are most afraid are always in most danger; but courage is equivalent to a rampart.
When I contemplate you, soldiers, and when I consider your past exploits, a strong hope of victory animates me. Your spirit, your age, your valour, gives me confidence to say nothing of necessity, which makes even cowards brave. To prevent the numbers of the enemy from surrounding us, our confined situation is sufficient. But should Fortune be unjust to your valour, take care not to lose your lives unavenged; take care not to be taken and butchered like cattle, rather than fighting like men, to leave to your enemies a bloody and mournful victory.

Q. Why, according to Catiline, should his soldiers fight with greater confidence?

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 13

(1) Incorrect. Not the correct reason for soldiers to fight with 'greater confidence'. He states this in his speech before asking them to fight with greater confidence.
(2) Incorrect. Not the correct reason for 'greater confidence'. He states this in reference to the challenges they might face if they lose.
(3) Correct. What the soldiers could lose was their country, their liberty, their life in face of what the enemy could lose - the power of a small party. This can be derived from "Besides, soldiers, the same exigency does not press upon our adversaries, as presses upon us; we fight for our country, for our liberty, for our life; they contend for what but little concerns them, the power of a small party." So, this option is correct.
(4) Incorrect. This misinterprets what the speaker originally stated - 'Attack them, therefore, with so much the greater confidence, and call to mind your achievements of old.'

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 14

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage.

The following speech was delivered by Catiline, a Roman politician and revolutionary, to his soldiers on the eve of the battle which resulted in his defeat and death.
I am well aware, soldiers, that words cannot inspire courage; and that a spiritless army cannot be rendered active, or a timid army valiant, by the speech of its commander. Whatever courage is in the heart of a man, whether from nature or from habit, so much will be shown by him in the field; and on him whom neither glory nor danger can move, exhortation is bestowed in vain; for the terror in his breast stops his ears.
I have called you together, however, to give you a few instructions, and to explain to you, at the same time, my reasons for the course which I have adopted. Two armies of the enemy, one on the side of Rome, and the other on that of Gaul, oppose our progress; while the want of corn, and of other necessaries, prevents us from remaining, however strongly we may desire to remain, in our present position. Whithersoever we would go, we must open a passage with our swords. I conjure you, therefore, to maintain a brave and resolute spirit; and to remember, when you advance to battle, that on your own right hands depend riches, honour, and glory, with the enjoyment of your liberty and of your country. If we conquer, all will be safe; we shall have provisions in abundance, and the colonies and corporate towns will open their gates to us. But if we lose the victory through want of courage, those same places will turn against us; for neither place nor friend will protect him whom his arms have not protected. Besides, soldiers, the same exigency does not press upon our adversaries, as presses upon us; we fight for our country, for our liberty, for our life; they contend for what but little concerns them, the power of a small party. Attack them, therefore, with so much the greater confidence, and call to mind your achievements of old.
We might, with the utmost ignominy, have passed the rest of our days in exile. Some of you, after losing your property, might have waited at Rome for assistance from others. But because such a life, to men of spirit, was disgusting and unendurable, you resolved upon your present course. If you wish to quit it, you must exert all your resolution, for none but conquerors have exchanged war for peace. To hope for safety in flight, when you have turned away from the enemy the arms by which the body is defended, is indeed madness. In battle, those who are most afraid are always in most danger; but courage is equivalent to a rampart.
When I contemplate you, soldiers, and when I consider your past exploits, a strong hope of victory animates me. Your spirit, your age, your valour, gives me confidence to say nothing of necessity, which makes even cowards brave. To prevent the numbers of the enemy from surrounding us, our confined situation is sufficient. But should Fortune be unjust to your valour, take care not to lose your lives unavenged; take care not to be taken and butchered like cattle, rather than fighting like men, to leave to your enemies a bloody and mournful victory.

Q. What, according to Catiline, amounts to 'madness' in a battle?

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 14

(1) Incorrect. This is not mentioned. Besides, Catiline's soldiers were valiant or courageous.
(2) Correct. This is highlighted by Catiline when he says, 'To hope for safety in flight, when you have turned away from the enemy the arms by which the body is defended, is indeed madness.' So, he calls hoping for a safe passage out of the war, an act of madness.
(3) Incorrect. His soldiers were valiant or courageous.
(4) Incorrect. This misinterprets what the speaker originally said about quitting - 'If you wish to quit it, you must exert all your resolution, for none but conquerors have exchanged war for peace. '

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 15

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage.

The following speech was delivered by Catiline, a Roman politician and revolutionary, to his soldiers on the eve of the battle which resulted in his defeat and death.
I am well aware, soldiers, that words cannot inspire courage; and that a spiritless army cannot be rendered active, or a timid army valiant, by the speech of its commander. Whatever courage is in the heart of a man, whether from nature or from habit, so much will be shown by him in the field; and on him whom neither glory nor danger can move, exhortation is bestowed in vain; for the terror in his breast stops his ears.
I have called you together, however, to give you a few instructions, and to explain to you, at the same time, my reasons for the course which I have adopted. Two armies of the enemy, one on the side of Rome, and the other on that of Gaul, oppose our progress; while the want of corn, and of other necessaries, prevents us from remaining, however strongly we may desire to remain, in our present position. Whithersoever we would go, we must open a passage with our swords. I conjure you, therefore, to maintain a brave and resolute spirit; and to remember, when you advance to battle, that on your own right hands depend riches, honour, and glory, with the enjoyment of your liberty and of your country. If we conquer, all will be safe; we shall have provisions in abundance, and the colonies and corporate towns will open their gates to us. But if we lose the victory through want of courage, those same places will turn against us; for neither place nor friend will protect him whom his arms have not protected. Besides, soldiers, the same exigency does not press upon our adversaries, as presses upon us; we fight for our country, for our liberty, for our life; they contend for what but little concerns them, the power of a small party. Attack them, therefore, with so much the greater confidence, and call to mind your achievements of old.
We might, with the utmost ignominy, have passed the rest of our days in exile. Some of you, after losing your property, might have waited at Rome for assistance from others. But because such a life, to men of spirit, was disgusting and unendurable, you resolved upon your present course. If you wish to quit it, you must exert all your resolution, for none but conquerors have exchanged war for peace. To hope for safety in flight, when you have turned away from the enemy the arms by which the body is defended, is indeed madness. In battle, those who are most afraid are always in most danger; but courage is equivalent to a rampart.
When I contemplate you, soldiers, and when I consider your past exploits, a strong hope of victory animates me. Your spirit, your age, your valour, gives me confidence to say nothing of necessity, which makes even cowards brave. To prevent the numbers of the enemy from surrounding us, our confined situation is sufficient. But should Fortune be unjust to your valour, take care not to lose your lives unavenged; take care not to be taken and butchered like cattle, rather than fighting like men, to leave to your enemies a bloody and mournful victory.

Q. The speech made by Catiline is primarily meant to send a clear message to his soldiers that

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 15

1. Incorrect. If Catiline were to give this message, this would tantamount to discouraging his soldiers. He wants them to fight in the face of all odds.
2. Incorrect. This means that they would have to sacrifice themselves in order to take victory, which would really be a pyrrhic victory. This is not what Cataline's message to his soldiers is.
3. Correct. It is clear that Catiline confirms his belief through his speech that the only recourse to safety is to fight. For that his troops need to remain spirited as always even for want of food and reinforcements. 'I conjure you, therefore, to maintain a brave and resolute spirit; and to remember, when you advance to battle, that on your own right hands depend riches, honor, and glory, with the enjoyment of your liberty and of your country. If we conquer, all will be safe...' So, option 3 is the answer.
4. Incorrect. This option is illogical and does not make sense. Hence, incorrect.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 16

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage.

The following speech was delivered by Catiline, a Roman politician and revolutionary, to his soldiers on the eve of the battle which resulted in his defeat and death.
I am well aware, soldiers, that words cannot inspire courage; and that a spiritless army cannot be rendered active, or a timid army valiant, by the speech of its commander. Whatever courage is in the heart of a man, whether from nature or from habit, so much will be shown by him in the field; and on him whom neither glory nor danger can move, exhortation is bestowed in vain; for the terror in his breast stops his ears.
I have called you together, however, to give you a few instructions, and to explain to you, at the same time, my reasons for the course which I have adopted. Two armies of the enemy, one on the side of Rome, and the other on that of Gaul, oppose our progress; while the want of corn, and of other necessaries, prevents us from remaining, however strongly we may desire to remain, in our present position. Whithersoever we would go, we must open a passage with our swords. I conjure you, therefore, to maintain a brave and resolute spirit; and to remember, when you advance to battle, that on your own right hands depend riches, honour, and glory, with the enjoyment of your liberty and of your country. If we conquer, all will be safe; we shall have provisions in abundance, and the colonies and corporate towns will open their gates to us. But if we lose the victory through want of courage, those same places will turn against us; for neither place nor friend will protect him whom his arms have not protected. Besides, soldiers, the same exigency does not press upon our adversaries, as presses upon us; we fight for our country, for our liberty, for our life; they contend for what but little concerns them, the power of a small party. Attack them, therefore, with so much the greater confidence, and call to mind your achievements of old.
We might, with the utmost ignominy, have passed the rest of our days in exile. Some of you, after losing your property, might have waited at Rome for assistance from others. But because such a life, to men of spirit, was disgusting and unendurable, you resolved upon your present course. If you wish to quit it, you must exert all your resolution, for none but conquerors have exchanged war for peace. To hope for safety in flight, when you have turned away from the enemy the arms by which the body is defended, is indeed madness. In battle, those who are most afraid are always in most danger; but courage is equivalent to a rampart.
When I contemplate you, soldiers, and when I consider your past exploits, a strong hope of victory animates me. Your spirit, your age, your valour, gives me confidence to say nothing of necessity, which makes even cowards brave. To prevent the numbers of the enemy from surrounding us, our confined situation is sufficient. But should Fortune be unjust to your valour, take care not to lose your lives unavenged; take care not to be taken and butchered like cattle, rather than fighting like men, to leave to your enemies a bloody and mournful victory.

Q. The phrase '…to say nothing of necessity, which makes even cowards brave' aims to

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 16

(1) Correct. Catiline firmly believed that bravery was embedded in his soldiers and there was no need of an exigent situation as war to invoke the same in them. This happens only in the case of cowards .
(2) Incorrect. Catiline was not emphasising the exigency of war to cause or induce bravery in his soldiers. The very first paragraph (introductory paragraph) makes it clear.
(3) Incorrect. Catiline was not underplaying the exigency of war to induce bravery, as he had well apprised his troops about the probable outcomes of war.
(4) Incorrect. War would not compel Catiline's troops to act bravely since war as a necessity only engenders the cowards to be brave, and Catiline thought all his soldiers to be valiant and resolute.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 17

Directions: There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.

Sentence: Yes, the world may well be transformed by 2050.

Paragraph: (1) ________. As scientists are gradually learning, even if we solve the immediate warming problem linked to the greenhouse effect, there's another warming problem steadily growing beneath it. Let's call it the 'deep warming' problem. This deeper problem also raises Earth's surface temperature but, unlike global warming, it has nothing to do with greenhouse gases and our use of fossil fuels. (2) ________. It stems directly from our use of energy in all forms and our tendency to use more energy over time – a problem created by the inevitable waste heat that is generated whenever we use energy to do something. (3) ________. Carbon dioxide levels may stabilise or fall thanks to advanced AI-assisted technologies that run on energy harvested from the sun and wind. And the fossil fuel industry may be taking its last breaths. But we will still face a deeper problem. (4) ________. That's because 'deep warming' is not created by the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. It's a problem built into our relationship with energy itself.

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 17

The paragraph discusses the concerns about global warming till blank 3 after which it discusses some points of relief before finally concluding about the continuation of the problem.
The given sentence does not act as an introduction, as the following context is negative (another warming problem). Hence, option 1 is incorrect.
Option 2 is incorrect. "It stems" in the sentence following blank 2 does not relate to the world in the given sentence but to the deeper problem mentioned in the preceding sentence.
Option 3 is correct. The sentence following blank 3 presents a positive context – 'Carbon dioxide levels may stabilise or fall'. Moreover, the sentence 'But we will still face a deeper problem' presents a contrast to the given sentence at position 3.
Option 4 is incorrect. The sentence following the blank explains why we will still face a deeper problem.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 18

Directions: The passage given below is followed by four alternative summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.

There will always be produced native talent, vast power of influencing mankind, united with restless, aspiring and insatiate ambition. And this talent will be unfolded in greater proportion as common education is more generally diffused. The question then, is not whether such talent shall or shall not exist. The only practical question is, whether these rare endowments shall be cultivated and disciplined and cautioned and directed by the lessons of past wisdom, or whether they shall be allowed to grow up in reckless and headstrong arrogance. It is merely a question whether the extraordinary talent bestowed upon society by our Creator, shall be a blessing or a curse to us and to our children.

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 18

1. Correct. It lays emphasis on how the talent is used and supports that unguided talent is potentially portentous.
2. Incorrect. Not completely true. Nothing about humble beginnings of society has been indicated.
3. Incorrect. It is only the "directionless" talent that can prove disadvantageous to society.
4. Incorrect. Although true, the reason as to why talent or endowments need grooming is not captured.

*Answer can only contain numeric values
Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 19

Directions: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.

1. During colonialism, introducing 'European values' meant specifically introducing European bourgeois values as it has been indicated by many scholars when tracing the formation of theories of race.

2. It is known that colonialism was declared as a civilising mission in which political forces joined religious missionaries to bring the light of progress to the 'dark continent'.

3. The civilising mission targeted both the moral and material conditions of its subjects to introduce the European values to the African people.

4. According to some scholars, racial theories were embedded in the making of class identity in European societies.


Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 19

Sentence 2 sets the context of the passage. It points out that 'colonialism' was declared a 'civilising mission' to civilise people present in the colonies. 'The civilising mission' (specific) in 3 has been stated first in 2 as 'a civilising mission' (non-specific/general). So 2 should come before 3. 'Introduce the European values to the African people' in 3 has been restated in 1 as 'introducing European values' in 1. 'Many scholars' in 1 and 'some scholars' in 4 provide a contrast pair. So the correct pairing is 2-3-1-4.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 20

Directions: The passage given below is followed by four alternative summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.

As far as superior knowledge and talent confer on their possessor a natural charter of privilege to control his associates and exert an influence on the direction of the general affairs of the community, the free and natural action of that privilege is best secured by a perfectly free democratic system, which will abolish all artificial distinctions, and, preventing the accumulation of any social obstacles to advancement, will permit the free development of every germ of talent, wherever it may chance to exist.

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 20

1. Not true. This has not been stated in the text.
2. Not true. Obstacles need to be removed. It cannot be deduced that these make society conservative. Also, the message in the paragraph is that free talent naturally grows and flourishes in a free society.
3. Not true. Liberties cannot be said to be 'unbridled' (uncontrolled; unrestricted) in a democracy.
4. True. Superior knowledge or talent or abilities flourish organically or naturally in a free environment.

*Answer can only contain numeric values
Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 21

Directions: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:

1. In cases where the public health authorities and the population do not share a common culture, it is harder for effective communication to form between them.

2. Communication between doctors or health authorities and the population is important for the implementation of public health policies.

3. Linguistic, cultural, and ideological differences all pose difficulty for the population to understand the authorities.

4. Even when the government and the people have no cultural conflicts, violent riots may happen due to the distrust of authority, typified by the Italian cholera riots of 1910-11.


Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 21

Sentence 2 sets the context of the passage. The issue under consideration is the communication between doctors and the population and why it is important. 'The public health authorities' indicates that it should have been stated earlier and it is introduced in 2 as 'doctors or health authorities. So 2 should come before 1. 'Do not share a common culture' in 1 is further restated in 3 as 'differences'. Sentence 3 explains what leads to those differences. So 3 will follow 1. 4 ends the paragraph by stating an alternative explanation, that even when cultures do not have conflict, it is possible that communication is still difficult. The keyword 'even' highlights that such statement is being presented to highlight an alternative view.

*Answer can only contain numeric values
Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 22

Directions: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.

1. Consumers were increasingly seeking out protein as a healthful nutrient, and whey protein, derived from milk, was seen as the most desirable kind, especially by athletes.

2. Several years ago, Arla, one of the largest dairy companies in the world, set out to create a product to take advantage of an inviting opportunity.

3. Whey protein has a milky taste and, separated from milk's natural fat and sugar, it has a dry mouthfeel.

4. Isolating protein from whey and adding it to clear drinks could make them more appealing to consumers and make Arla a lot of money, but there was a problem: the flavour.


Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 22

Sentence 2 is the introductory statement. It talks about a company looking for making a profitable product in dairy industry and ends with 'an inviting opportunity'. This inviting opportunity is further explained in 1 as producing 'whey protein' which was desired by athletes. 'Whey protein, derived from milk' in 1 is further restated in 4 as 'isolating protein from whey'. The 'flavour' in 4 is further explained in 3 'milky taste'. So the correct sequence is 2143.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 23

Directions: There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.

Sentence: Water and nature are inextricable from life in the small but densely populated nation – perhaps understandably so.

Paragraph: Bangladesh as a whole is "nature-on-the-move", its fluid geography the result of one of the most dynamic and extensive river networks in the world. (1) ________. The deltaic nation is literally a by-product of the rivers' processes: a giant sandbox created by millennia of alluvial deposits by Brahmaputra-Jamuna, Padma (the Ganges) and Meghna rivers. (2) ________. Around 80% of the country is floodplains, and a new island, Bhasan Char, emerged from Himalayan silt in 20 years. The Bangladesh National Parliament building in Dhaka is surrounded by an artificial lake, showcasing the country's riverine beauty. It is a popular attraction that has been called one of the greatest architectural achievements of the 20th Century. (3) ________. In Bangladesh, we see water as a sacred purifying element. Water purifies you during ablution as a Muslim. If you are Hindu, your house is sprinkled with Ganga water. Buddhists cross a bridge or place a fountain in their space of meditation. (4) ________.

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 23

The given sentence tries to justify the reasons why water and nature are inextricable from life; refer to the part 'perhaps understandably so'. So, it should make a strong connection with the context preceding the blank.
Option 1: That Bangladesh has fluid geography is not a reason why water and nature are inextricable from life.
Option 2: The preceding sentence only states how the various rivers contributed to the geography of the deltaic nation; it does not connect with the phrase 'perhaps understandably so'.
Option 3: The previous sentence highlights the architectural achievement of Bangladesh; the sentence will be a weak link at position 3. The better position is 4.
Option 4 is correct. The sentence best fits at position 4. It acknowledges that given Bangladesh's geography, which is shaped by dynamic river networks and extensive floodplains, it is natural for water to play a significant role in the lives of its people.

Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 24

Directions: The passage given below is followed by four alternative summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.

It's a good thing that almost all of us worry. Think of worry as a built-in alarm device. When it is used wisely, it alerts us to danger and prompts us to navigate our way through a maze of solutions to life's various problems. We need to think through our options when we are faced with problems, weighing the benefits and pitfalls of each alternative, and then come up with the best solution. From there we take action which, we hope, solves the problem. Worry is helpful when it is used at the right time and at the right level for resolving our difficulties. Like many things in life, however, too little worry, or too much of it, can be harmful.

Detailed Solution for Sample Test: Verbal Aptitude- 1 - Question 24

1. Incorrect. Excess worry can be harmful. However, this is not the message of the author.
2. Correct. This is what worry does. It helps alerting at the right time and directing one's path to right solution.
3. Incorrect. The author does not talk about worrywarts here.
4. Incorrect. Nothing in the passage quantifies the 'optimal' amount of worry. Moreover, it is nowhere stated that a specific (optimal) amount of worry helps generate optimal solutions. So, this option is incorrect.

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