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CAT Practice Test - 11 - CAT MCQ


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CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 1

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
Picture-taking is a technique both for annexing the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament, discovering itself through the camera’s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two antithetical ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.
These conflicting ideals arise from a fundamental uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attractive because it implicitly denies that picture-taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.
An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography’s means. Whatever the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression on a par with painting, its originality is inextricably linked to the powers of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgerton’s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and CartierBresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing.” Cartier-Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast.
This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future (of faster and faster seeing) alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past—when images had a handmade quality. This nostalgia for some pristine state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness.

Q. According to the passage, interest among photographers in each of photography’s two ideals can be described as

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 1

The passage talks about two conflicting ideals: one involves modern technology to captures the information and beauty of the world through high speed camera and one involves the use of older camera with the photographer playing a more important, emotive role in capturing the world. The passage then discusses at the last paragraph how the current trends, which is widespread, are going back to the old way of doing photography.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 2

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
Picture-taking is a technique both for annexing the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament, discovering itself through the camera’s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two antithetical ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.
These conflicting ideals arise from a fundamental uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attractive because it implicitly denies that picture-taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.
An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography’s means. Whatever the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression on a par with painting, its originality is inextricably linked to the powers of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgerton’s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and CartierBresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing.” Cartier-Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast.
This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future (of faster and faster seeing) alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past—when images had a handmade quality. This nostalgia for some pristine state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness.

Q. The author is primarily concerned with

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 2

The passage primarily talkes about the influence of two main photographic ideals as  summarized above.

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CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 3

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
Picture-taking is a technique both for annexing the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament, discovering itself through the camera’s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two antithetical ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.
These conflicting ideals arise from a fundamental uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attractive because it implicitly denies that picture-taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.
An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography’s means. Whatever the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression on a par with painting, its originality is inextricably linked to the powers of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgerton’s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and CartierBresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing.” Cartier-Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast.
This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future (of faster and faster seeing) alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past—when images had a handmade quality. This nostalgia for some pristine state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness.

Q. The passage states all of the following about photographs EXCEPT:

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 3

Through process of elimination, you can eliminate choices A to D as they are mentioned explicitly in the passage.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 4

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
Picture-taking is a technique both for annexing the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament, discovering itself through the camera’s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two antithetical ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.
These conflicting ideals arise from a fundamental uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attractive because it implicitly denies that picture-taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.
An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography’s means. Whatever the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression on a par with painting, its originality is inextricably linked to the powers of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgerton’s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and CartierBresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing.” Cartier-Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast.
This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future (of faster and faster seeing) alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past—when images had a handmade quality. This nostalgia for some pristine state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness.

Q. The passage suggests that photographers such as Walker Evans prefer old-fashioned techniques and equipment because these photographers

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 4

The passage states that "These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing.” " It suggests that these photographers don’t like fast cameras as effective.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 5

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
Picture-taking is a technique both for annexing the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament, discovering itself through the camera’s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two antithetical ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.
These conflicting ideals arise from a fundamental uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attractive because it implicitly denies that picture-taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.
An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography’s means. Whatever the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression on a par with painting, its originality is inextricably linked to the powers of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgerton’s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and CartierBresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing.” Cartier-Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast.
This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future (of faster and faster seeing) alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past—when images had a handmade quality. This nostalgia for some pristine state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness.

Q. According to the passage, the two antithetical ideals of photography differ primarily in the

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 5

According to the passage, "That is, photography has two antithetical ideals: In the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all." It says that in the first ideal, the photographer role is very minimal as an observer, whereas in the second ideal, the photographer plays a central role.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 6

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent.
The modern adversarial system is only one historical step removed from the private vengeance system and still retains some of its characteristic features. For example, even though the right to initiate legal action against a criminal has now been extended to all members of society (as represented by the office of the public prosecutor), and even though the police department has effectively assumed the pretrial investigative functions on behalf of the prosecution, the adversarial system still leaves the defendant to conduct his or her own pretrial investigation. The trial is viewed as a forensic duel between two adversaries, presided over by a judge who, at the start, has no knowledge of the investigative background of the case. In the final analysis the adversarial system of criminal procedure symbolizes and regularizes punitive combat.
By contrast, the inquisitorial system begins historically where the adversarial system stopped its development. It is two historical steps removed from the system of private vengeance. 
From the standpoint of legal anthropology, then, it is historically superior to the adversarial system. Under the inquisitorial system, the public prosecutor has the duty to investigate not just on behalf of society but also on behalf of the defendant. Additionally, the public prosecutor has the duty to present the court not only evidence that would convict the defendant, but also evidence that could prove the defendant’s innocence. The system mandates that both parties permit full pretrial discovery of the evidence in their possession. Finally, an aspect of the system that makes the trial less like a duel between two adversarial parties is that the inquisitorial system mandates that the judge take an active part in the conduct of the trial, with a role that is both directive and protective. Fact-finding is at the heart of the inquisitorial system. This system operates on the philosophical premise that in a criminal action the crucial factor is the body of facts, not the legal rule (in contrast to the adversarial system), and the goal of the entire procedure is to attempt to recreate, in the mind of the court, the commission of the alleged crime.
Because of the inquisitorial system’s thoroughness in conducting its pretrial investigation, it can be concluded that, if given the choice, a defendant who is innocent would prefer to be tried under the inquisitorial system, whereas a defendant who is guilty would prefer to be tried under the adversarial system.

Q. It can be inferred from the passage that the crucial factor in a trial under the adversarial system is

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 6

It can be inferred from the passage that the crucial factor in a trial under the adversarial system is (A) rules of legality.

Fact-finding is at the heart of the inquisitorial system. This system operates on the philosophical premise that in a criminal action the crucial factor is the body of facts, not the legal rule (in contrast to the adversarial system).

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 7

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent.
The modern adversarial system is only one historical step removed from the private vengeance system and still retains some of its characteristic features. For example, even though the right to initiate legal action against a criminal has now been extended to all members of society (as represented by the office of the public prosecutor), and even though the police department has effectively assumed the pretrial investigative functions on behalf of the prosecution, the adversarial system still leaves the defendant to conduct his or her own pretrial investigation. The trial is viewed as a forensic duel between two adversaries, presided over by a judge who, at the start, has no knowledge of the investigative background of the case. In the final analysis the adversarial system of criminal procedure symbolizes and regularizes punitive combat.
By contrast, the inquisitorial system begins historically where the adversarial system stopped its development. It is two historical steps removed from the system of private vengeance. 
From the standpoint of legal anthropology, then, it is historically superior to the adversarial system. Under the inquisitorial system, the public prosecutor has the duty to investigate not just on behalf of society but also on behalf of the defendant. Additionally, the public prosecutor has the duty to present the court not only evidence that would convict the defendant, but also evidence that could prove the defendant’s innocence. The system mandates that both parties permit full pretrial discovery of the evidence in their possession. Finally, an aspect of the system that makes the trial less like a duel between two adversarial parties is that the inquisitorial system mandates that the judge take an active part in the conduct of the trial, with a role that is both directive and protective. Fact-finding is at the heart of the inquisitorial system. This system operates on the philosophical premise that in a criminal action the crucial factor is the body of facts, not the legal rule (in contrast to the adversarial system), and the goal of the entire procedure is to attempt to recreate, in the mind of the court, the commission of the alleged crime.
Because of the inquisitorial system’s thoroughness in conducting its pretrial investigation, it can be concluded that, if given the choice, a defendant who is innocent would prefer to be tried under the inquisitorial system, whereas a defendant who is guilty would prefer to be tried under the adversarial system.

Q. The author sees the judge’s primary role in a trial under the inquisitorial system as that of

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 7

The author sees the judge’s primary role in a trial under the inquisitorial system as that of (D) involved manager.

Finally, an aspect of the system that makes the trial less like a duel between two adversarial parties is that the inquisitorial system mandates that the judge take an active part in the conduct of the trial, with a role that is both directive and protective.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 8

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent.
The modern adversarial system is only one historical step removed from the private vengeance system and still retains some of its characteristic features. For example, even though the right to initiate legal action against a criminal has now been extended to all members of society (as represented by the office of the public prosecutor), and even though the police department has effectively assumed the pretrial investigative functions on behalf of the prosecution, the adversarial system still leaves the defendant to conduct his or her own pretrial investigation. The trial is viewed as a forensic duel between two adversaries, presided over by a judge who, at the start, has no knowledge of the investigative background of the case. In the final analysis the adversarial system of criminal procedure symbolizes and regularizes punitive combat.
By contrast, the inquisitorial system begins historically where the adversarial system stopped its development. It is two historical steps removed from the system of private vengeance. 
From the standpoint of legal anthropology, then, it is historically superior to the adversarial system. Under the inquisitorial system, the public prosecutor has the duty to investigate not just on behalf of society but also on behalf of the defendant. Additionally, the public prosecutor has the duty to present the court not only evidence that would convict the defendant, but also evidence that could prove the defendant’s innocence. The system mandates that both parties permit full pretrial discovery of the evidence in their possession. Finally, an aspect of the system that makes the trial less like a duel between two adversarial parties is that the inquisitorial system mandates that the judge take an active part in the conduct of the trial, with a role that is both directive and protective. Fact-finding is at the heart of the inquisitorial system. This system operates on the philosophical premise that in a criminal action the crucial factor is the body of facts, not the legal rule (in contrast to the adversarial system), and the goal of the entire procedure is to attempt to recreate, in the mind of the court, the commission of the alleged crime.
Because of the inquisitorial system’s thoroughness in conducting its pretrial investigation, it can be concluded that, if given the choice, a defendant who is innocent would prefer to be tried under the inquisitorial system, whereas a defendant who is guilty would prefer to be tried under the adversarial system.

Q. According to the passage, a central distinction between the system of private vengeance and the two modern criminal procedure systems was the shift in responsibility for initiating legal action against a criminal from the

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 8

According to the passage, a central distinction between the system of private vengeance and the two modern criminal procedure systems was the shift in responsibility for initiating legal action against a criminal from the B) victim to society system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately even though the right to initiate legal action against a criminal has now been extended to all members of society (as represented by the office of the public prosecutor)

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 9

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent.
The modern adversarial system is only one historical step removed from the private vengeance system and still retains some of its characteristic features. For example, even though the right to initiate legal action against a criminal has now been extended to all members of society (as represented by the office of the public prosecutor), and even though the police department has effectively assumed the pretrial investigative functions on behalf of the prosecution, the adversarial system still leaves the defendant to conduct his or her own pretrial investigation. The trial is viewed as a forensic duel between two adversaries, presided over by a judge who, at the start, has no knowledge of the investigative background of the case. In the final analysis the adversarial system of criminal procedure symbolizes and regularizes punitive combat.
By contrast, the inquisitorial system begins historically where the adversarial system stopped its development. It is two historical steps removed from the system of private vengeance. 
From the standpoint of legal anthropology, then, it is historically superior to the adversarial system. Under the inquisitorial system, the public prosecutor has the duty to investigate not just on behalf of society but also on behalf of the defendant. Additionally, the public prosecutor has the duty to present the court not only evidence that would convict the defendant, but also evidence that could prove the defendant’s innocence. The system mandates that both parties permit full pretrial discovery of the evidence in their possession. Finally, an aspect of the system that makes the trial less like a duel between two adversarial parties is that the inquisitorial system mandates that the judge take an active part in the conduct of the trial, with a role that is both directive and protective. Fact-finding is at the heart of the inquisitorial system. This system operates on the philosophical premise that in a criminal action the crucial factor is the body of facts, not the legal rule (in contrast to the adversarial system), and the goal of the entire procedure is to attempt to recreate, in the mind of the court, the commission of the alleged crime.
Because of the inquisitorial system’s thoroughness in conducting its pretrial investigation, it can be concluded that, if given the choice, a defendant who is innocent would prefer to be tried under the inquisitorial system, whereas a defendant who is guilty would prefer to be tried under the adversarial system.

Q. All of the following are characteristics of the inquisitorial system that the author cites EXCEPT:

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 9

In (A) The system mandates that both parties permit full pretrial discovery of the evidence in their possession. Finally, an aspect of the system that makes the trial less like a duel between two adversarial parties.

In (B) The system mandates that both parties permit full pretrial discovery of the evidence in their possession.

In (C) inquisitorial system mandates that the judge take an active part in the conduct of the trial.

In (D) It places the defendant in charge of his or her defence.  Hence, Correct

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 10

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
There are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world—the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent.
The modern adversarial system is only one historical step removed from the private vengeance system and still retains some of its characteristic features. For example, even though the right to initiate legal action against a criminal has now been extended to all members of society (as represented by the office of the public prosecutor), and even though the police department has effectively assumed the pretrial investigative functions on behalf of the prosecution, the adversarial system still leaves the defendant to conduct his or her own pretrial investigation. The trial is viewed as a forensic duel between two adversaries, presided over by a judge who, at the start, has no knowledge of the investigative background of the case. In the final analysis the adversarial system of criminal procedure symbolizes and regularizes punitive combat.
By contrast, the inquisitorial system begins historically where the adversarial system stopped its development. It is two historical steps removed from the system of private vengeance. 
From the standpoint of legal anthropology, then, it is historically superior to the adversarial system. Under the inquisitorial system, the public prosecutor has the duty to investigate not just on behalf of society but also on behalf of the defendant. Additionally, the public prosecutor has the duty to present the court not only evidence that would convict the defendant, but also evidence that could prove the defendant’s innocence. The system mandates that both parties permit full pretrial discovery of the evidence in their possession. Finally, an aspect of the system that makes the trial less like a duel between two adversarial parties is that the inquisitorial system mandates that the judge take an active part in the conduct of the trial, with a role that is both directive and protective. Fact-finding is at the heart of the inquisitorial system. This system operates on the philosophical premise that in a criminal action the crucial factor is the body of facts, not the legal rule (in contrast to the adversarial system), and the goal of the entire procedure is to attempt to recreate, in the mind of the court, the commission of the alleged crime.
Because of the inquisitorial system’s thoroughness in conducting its pretrial investigation, it can be concluded that, if given the choice, a defendant who is innocent would prefer to be tried under the inquisitorial system, whereas a defendant who is guilty would prefer to be tried under the adversarial system.

Q. The author’s attitude toward the inquisitorial system can best be described as

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 10

The author’s attitude toward the inquisitorial system can best be described as (B) satisfied that it has potential for uncovering the relevant facts in a case.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 11

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
In an unfinished but highly suggestive series of essays, the late Sarah Eisenstein has focused attention on the evolution of working women’s values from the turn of the century to the First World War. Eisenstein argues that turn-of-the-century women neither wholly accepted nor rejected what she calls the dominant “ideology of domesticity,” but rather took this and other available ideologies—feminism, socialism, trade unionism—and modified or adapted them in light of their own experiences and needs. In thus maintaining that wage-work helped to produce a new “consciousness” among women, Eisenstein to some extent challenges the recent, controversial proposal by Leslie Tentler that for women the work experience only served to reinforce the attractiveness of the dominant ideology. According to the Tentler, the degrading conditions under which many female wage earners worked made them view the family as a source of power and esteem available nowhere else in their social world. In contrast, Eisenstein’s study insists that wage-work had other implications for women’s identities and consciousness. Most importantly, her work aims to demonstrate that wagework enabled women to become aware of themselves as a distinct social group capable of defining their collective circumstance. Eisenstein insists that as a group working-class woman were not able to come to collective consciousness of their situation until they began entering the labor force, because domestic work tended to isolate them from one another.
Unfortunately, Eisenstein’s unfinished study does not develop these ideas in sufficient depth or detail, offering tantalizing hints rather than an exhaustive analysis. Whatever Eisenstein’s overall plan may have been, in its current form her study suffers from the limited nature of the sources she depended on. She uses the speeches and writings of reformers and labor organizers, who she acknowledges were far from representative, as the voice of the typical woman worker. And there is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a significant proportion of the population under investigation. While raising important questions, Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answer, and it remains for others to take up the challenges they offer.

Q. The primary purpose of the passage is to

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 11

"The first and the last sentences of the last para “Unfortunately, Eisenstein’s unfinished study does not develop these ideas in sufficient depth or detail, offering tantalizing hints rather than an exhaustive analysis." ..."While raising important questions, Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answer, and it remains for others to take up the challenges they offer."

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 12

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
In an unfinished but highly suggestive series of essays, the late Sarah Eisenstein has focused attention on the evolution of working women’s values from the turn of the century to the First World War. Eisenstein argues that turn-of-the-century women neither wholly accepted nor rejected what she calls the dominant “ideology of domesticity,” but rather took this and other available ideologies—feminism, socialism, trade unionism—and modified or adapted them in light of their own experiences and needs. In thus maintaining that wage-work helped to produce a new “consciousness” among women, Eisenstein to some extent challenges the recent, controversial proposal by Leslie Tentler that for women the work experience only served to reinforce the attractiveness of the dominant ideology. According to the Tentler, the degrading conditions under which many female wage earners worked made them view the family as a source of power and esteem available nowhere else in their social world. In contrast, Eisenstein’s study insists that wage-work had other implications for women’s identities and consciousness. Most importantly, her work aims to demonstrate that wagework enabled women to become aware of themselves as a distinct social group capable of defining their collective circumstance. Eisenstein insists that as a group working-class woman were not able to come to collective consciousness of their situation until they began entering the labor force, because domestic work tended to isolate them from one another.
Unfortunately, Eisenstein’s unfinished study does not develop these ideas in sufficient depth or detail, offering tantalizing hints rather than an exhaustive analysis. Whatever Eisenstein’s overall plan may have been, in its current form her study suffers from the limited nature of the sources she depended on. She uses the speeches and writings of reformers and labor organizers, who she acknowledges were far from representative, as the voice of the typical woman worker. And there is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a significant proportion of the population under investigation. While raising important questions, Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answer, and it remains for others to take up the challenges they offer.

Q. It can be inferred from the passage that, in Eisenstein’s view, working women at the turn of the century had which of the following attitudes toward the dominant ideology of their time?

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 12

The relevant part for this question is: “Eisenstein argues that turn-of-the-century women neither wholly accepted nor rejected what she calls the dominant “ideology of domesticity,” but rather took this and other available ideologies—feminism, socialism, trade unionism—and modified or adapted them in light of their own experiences and needs. "

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 13

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
In an unfinished but highly suggestive series of essays, the late Sarah Eisenstein has focused attention on the evolution of working women’s values from the turn of the century to the First World War. Eisenstein argues that turn-of-the-century women neither wholly accepted nor rejected what she calls the dominant “ideology of domesticity,” but rather took this and other available ideologies—feminism, socialism, trade unionism—and modified or adapted them in light of their own experiences and needs. In thus maintaining that wage-work helped to produce a new “consciousness” among women, Eisenstein to some extent challenges the recent, controversial proposal by Leslie Tentler that for women the work experience only served to reinforce the attractiveness of the dominant ideology. According to the Tentler, the degrading conditions under which many female wage earners worked made them view the family as a source of power and esteem available nowhere else in their social world. In contrast, Eisenstein’s study insists that wage-work had other implications for women’s identities and consciousness. Most importantly, her work aims to demonstrate that wagework enabled women to become aware of themselves as a distinct social group capable of defining their collective circumstance. Eisenstein insists that as a group working-class woman were not able to come to collective consciousness of their situation until they began entering the labor force, because domestic work tended to isolate them from one another.
Unfortunately, Eisenstein’s unfinished study does not develop these ideas in sufficient depth or detail, offering tantalizing hints rather than an exhaustive analysis. Whatever Eisenstein’s overall plan may have been, in its current form her study suffers from the limited nature of the sources she depended on. She uses the speeches and writings of reformers and labor organizers, who she acknowledges were far from representative, as the voice of the typical woman worker. And there is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a significant proportion of the population under investigation. While raising important questions, Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answer, and it remains for others to take up the challenges they offer.

Q. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage?

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 13

The relevant parts for this question are: "In an unfinished but highly suggestive series of essays, the late Sarah Eisenstein has focused attention on the evolution of working women’s values from the turn of the century to the First World War." "Eisenstein to some extent challenges the recent, controversial proposal by Leslie Tentler that for women the work experience only served to reinforce the attractiveness of the dominant ideology. " "Most importantly, her work aims to demonstrate that "

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 14

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context.
In an unfinished but highly suggestive series of essays, the late Sarah Eisenstein has focused attention on the evolution of working women’s values from the turn of the century to the First World War. Eisenstein argues that turn-of-the-century women neither wholly accepted nor rejected what she calls the dominant “ideology of domesticity,” but rather took this and other available ideologies—feminism, socialism, trade unionism—and modified or adapted them in light of their own experiences and needs. In thus maintaining that wage-work helped to produce a new “consciousness” among women, Eisenstein to some extent challenges the recent, controversial proposal by Leslie Tentler that for women the work experience only served to reinforce the attractiveness of the dominant ideology. According to the Tentler, the degrading conditions under which many female wage earners worked made them view the family as a source of power and esteem available nowhere else in their social world. In contrast, Eisenstein’s study insists that wage-work had other implications for women’s identities and consciousness. Most importantly, her work aims to demonstrate that wagework enabled women to become aware of themselves as a distinct social group capable of defining their collective circumstance. Eisenstein insists that as a group working-class woman were not able to come to collective consciousness of their situation until they began entering the labor force, because domestic work tended to isolate them from one another.
Unfortunately, Eisenstein’s unfinished study does not develop these ideas in sufficient depth or detail, offering tantalizing hints rather than an exhaustive analysis. Whatever Eisenstein’s overall plan may have been, in its current form her study suffers from the limited nature of the sources she depended on. She uses the speeches and writings of reformers and labor organizers, who she acknowledges were far from representative, as the voice of the typical woman worker. And there is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a significant proportion of the population under investigation. While raising important questions, Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answer, and it remains for others to take up the challenges they offer.

Q. Which of the following would the author of the passage be most likely to approve as a continuation of Eisenstein’s study?

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 14

"Unfortunately, Eisenstein’s unfinished study does not develop these ideas in sufficient depth or detail, offering tantalizing hints rather than an exhaustive analysis","She uses the speeches and writings of reformers and labour organizers, who she acknowledges were far from representative, as the voice of the typical woman worker."

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 15

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context
We can distinguish three different realms of matter, three levels on the quantum ladder. The first is the atomic realm, which includes the world of atoms, their interactions, and the structures that are formed by them, such as molecules, liquids and solids, and gases and plasmas. This realm includes all the phenomena of atomic physics, chemistry, and, in a certain sense, biology. The energy exchanges taking place in this realm are of a relatively low order. If these exchanges are below one electron volt, such as in the collisions between molecules of the air in a room, then atoms and molecules can be regarded as elementary particles. That is, they have “conditional elementarity” because they keep their identity and do not change in any collisions or in other processes at these low energy exchanges. If one goes to higher energy exchanges, say 104 electron volts, then atoms and molecules will decompose into nuclei and electrons; at this level, the latter particles must be considered as elementary. We find examples of structures and processes of this first rung of the quantum ladder on Earth, on planets, and on the surfaces of stars.
The next rung is the nuclear realm. Here the energy exchanges are much higher, on the order of millions of electron volts. As long as we are dealing with phenomena in the atomic realm, such amounts of energy are unavailable, and most nuclei are inert: they do not change. However, if one applies energies of millions of electron volts, nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, and the processes of radioactivity occur; our elementary particles then are protons, neutrons, and electrons. In addition, nuclear processes produce neutrinos, particles that have no detectable mass or charge. In the universe, energies at this level are available in the centers of stars and in star explosions. Indeed, the energy radiated by the stars is produced by nuclear reactions. The natural radioactivity we find on Earth is the long-lived remnant of the time when now-earthly matter was expelled into space by a major stellar explosion.
The third rung of the quantum ladder is the subnuclear realm. Here we are dealing with energy exchanges of many billions of electron volts. We encounter excited nucleons, new types of particles such as mesons, heavy electrons, quarks, and gluons, and also antimatter in large quantities. The gluons are the quanta, or smallest units, of the force (the strong force) that keeps the quarks together. As long as we are dealing with the atomic or nuclear realm, these new types of particles do not occur and the nucleons remain inert. But at subnuclear energy levels, the nucleons and mesons appear to be composed of quarks, so that the quarks and gluons figure as elementary particles.

Q. The primary topic of the passage is which of the following?

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 15

It is not A, B, C - A and B are irrelevant. C is not the main item, since it doesn't have anything to do with new particles in the atomic realm.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 16

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context
We can distinguish three different realms of matter, three levels on the quantum ladder. The first is the atomic realm, which includes the world of atoms, their interactions, and the structures that are formed by them, such as molecules, liquids and solids, and gases and plasmas. This realm includes all the phenomena of atomic physics, chemistry, and, in a certain sense, biology. The energy exchanges taking place in this realm are of a relatively low order. If these exchanges are below one electron volt, such as in the collisions between molecules of the air in a room, then atoms and molecules can be regarded as elementary particles. That is, they have “conditional elementarity” because they keep their identity and do not change in any collisions or in other processes at these low energy exchanges. If one goes to higher energy exchanges, say 104 electron volts, then atoms and molecules will decompose into nuclei and electrons; at this level, the latter particles must be considered as elementary. We find examples of structures and processes of this first rung of the quantum ladder on Earth, on planets, and on the surfaces of stars.
The next rung is the nuclear realm. Here the energy exchanges are much higher, on the order of millions of electron volts. As long as we are dealing with phenomena in the atomic realm, such amounts of energy are unavailable, and most nuclei are inert: they do not change. However, if one applies energies of millions of electron volts, nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, and the processes of radioactivity occur; our elementary particles then are protons, neutrons, and electrons. In addition, nuclear processes produce neutrinos, particles that have no detectable mass or charge. In the universe, energies at this level are available in the centers of stars and in star explosions. Indeed, the energy radiated by the stars is produced by nuclear reactions. The natural radioactivity we find on Earth is the long-lived remnant of the time when now-earthly matter was expelled into space by a major stellar explosion.
The third rung of the quantum ladder is the subnuclear realm. Here we are dealing with energy exchanges of many billions of electron volts. We encounter excited nucleons, new types of particles such as mesons, heavy electrons, quarks, and gluons, and also antimatter in large quantities. The gluons are the quanta, or smallest units, of the force (the strong force) that keeps the quarks together. As long as we are dealing with the atomic or nuclear realm, these new types of particles do not occur and the nucleons remain inert. But at subnuclear energy levels, the nucleons and mesons appear to be composed of quarks, so that the quarks and gluons figure as elementary particles.

Q. According to the passage, radioactivity that occurs naturally on Earth is the result of

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 16

It is not A and D since they are irrelevant. And it is not C since that is not h ow the radioactivity occurred - it was more due to stellar explosions.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 17

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context
We can distinguish three different realms of matter, three levels on the quantum ladder. The first is the atomic realm, which includes the world of atoms, their interactions, and the structures that are formed by them, such as molecules, liquids and solids, and gases and plasmas. This realm includes all the phenomena of atomic physics, chemistry, and, in a certain sense, biology. The energy exchanges taking place in this realm are of a relatively low order. If these exchanges are below one electron volt, such as in the collisions between molecules of the air in a room, then atoms and molecules can be regarded as elementary particles. That is, they have “conditional elementarity” because they keep their identity and do not change in any collisions or in other processes at these low energy exchanges. If one goes to higher energy exchanges, say 104 electron volts, then atoms and molecules will decompose into nuclei and electrons; at this level, the latter particles must be considered as elementary. We find examples of structures and processes of this first rung of the quantum ladder on Earth, on planets, and on the surfaces of stars.
The next rung is the nuclear realm. Here the energy exchanges are much higher, on the order of millions of electron volts. As long as we are dealing with phenomena in the atomic realm, such amounts of energy are unavailable, and most nuclei are inert: they do not change. However, if one applies energies of millions of electron volts, nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, and the processes of radioactivity occur; our elementary particles then are protons, neutrons, and electrons. In addition, nuclear processes produce neutrinos, particles that have no detectable mass or charge. In the universe, energies at this level are available in the centers of stars and in star explosions. Indeed, the energy radiated by the stars is produced by nuclear reactions. The natural radioactivity we find on Earth is the long-lived remnant of the time when now-earthly matter was expelled into space by a major stellar explosion.
The third rung of the quantum ladder is the subnuclear realm. Here we are dealing with energy exchanges of many billions of electron volts. We encounter excited nucleons, new types of particles such as mesons, heavy electrons, quarks, and gluons, and also antimatter in large quantities. The gluons are the quanta, or smallest units, of the force (the strong force) that keeps the quarks together. As long as we are dealing with the atomic or nuclear realm, these new types of particles do not occur and the nucleons remain inert. But at subnuclear energy levels, the nucleons and mesons appear to be composed of quarks, so that the quarks and gluons figure as elementary particles.

Q. The author organizes the passage by

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 17

Since none of the others, B, D are actually relevant. in A, there is nothing mentioned about composite.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 18

Read the passage carefully and answer within the context
We can distinguish three different realms of matter, three levels on the quantum ladder. The first is the atomic realm, which includes the world of atoms, their interactions, and the structures that are formed by them, such as molecules, liquids and solids, and gases and plasmas. This realm includes all the phenomena of atomic physics, chemistry, and, in a certain sense, biology. The energy exchanges taking place in this realm are of a relatively low order. If these exchanges are below one electron volt, such as in the collisions between molecules of the air in a room, then atoms and molecules can be regarded as elementary particles. That is, they have “conditional elementarity” because they keep their identity and do not change in any collisions or in other processes at these low energy exchanges. If one goes to higher energy exchanges, say 104 electron volts, then atoms and molecules will decompose into nuclei and electrons; at this level, the latter particles must be considered as elementary. We find examples of structures and processes of this first rung of the quantum ladder on Earth, on planets, and on the surfaces of stars.
The next rung is the nuclear realm. Here the energy exchanges are much higher, on the order of millions of electron volts. As long as we are dealing with phenomena in the atomic realm, such amounts of energy are unavailable, and most nuclei are inert: they do not change. However, if one applies energies of millions of electron volts, nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, and the processes of radioactivity occur; our elementary particles then are protons, neutrons, and electrons. In addition, nuclear processes produce neutrinos, particles that have no detectable mass or charge. In the universe, energies at this level are available in the centers of stars and in star explosions. Indeed, the energy radiated by the stars is produced by nuclear reactions. The natural radioactivity we find on Earth is the long-lived remnant of the time when now-earthly matter was expelled into space by a major stellar explosion.
The third rung of the quantum ladder is the subnuclear realm. Here we are dealing with energy exchanges of many billions of electron volts. We encounter excited nucleons, new types of particles such as mesons, heavy electrons, quarks, and gluons, and also antimatter in large quantities. The gluons are the quanta, or smallest units, of the force (the strong force) that keeps the quarks together. As long as we are dealing with the atomic or nuclear realm, these new types of particles do not occur and the nucleons remain inert. But at subnuclear energy levels, the nucleons and mesons appear to be composed of quarks, so that the quarks and gluons figure as elementary particles.

Q. According to the author, gluons are not

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 18

Correct Answer :- c

Explanation : In subnuclear energy levels, the nucleons and mesons appear to be composed of quarks, so that the quarks and gluons figure as elementary particles.

The energy exchanges taking place in this realm are of a relatively low order. If these exchanges are below one electron volt, such as in the collisions between molecules of the air in a room, then atoms and molecules can be regarded as elementary particles. That is, they have “conditional elementarity” because they keep their identity and do not change in any collisions or in other processes at these low energy exchanges.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 19

DIRECTION: In question, there are five sentences which need to be arranged in the logical order to form a coherent paragraph. Key in the most appropriate sequence.

A. The celebrations of economic recovery in Washington may be as premature as that "Mission Accomplished" banner hung on the USS Abraham Lincoln to hail the end of the Iraq war.

B. Meanwhile, in the real world, the struggles of families and communities continue unabated.

C. Washington responded to the favourable turn in economic news with enthusiasm.

D. The celebrations and high-fives up and down Pennsylvania Avenue are not to be found beyond the Beltway.

E. When the third quarter GDP showed growth of 7.2% and the monthly unemployment rate dipped to 6%, euphoria gripped the US capital.

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 19

E speaks about the euphoria that gripped the US capital and the causes for this.

C speaks about Washington `s response to the good news stated in E.

A continues by saying that the celebrations at Washington were premature, similar to the "Mission Accomplished" banner at the end of the war against Iraq. It is called premature because the American families and communities` struggles were not lessened as stated in B.

D concludes by telling us that the celebrations were not equally distributed in Washington due to the reason mentioned in B

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 20

DIRECTION: In question, there are five sentences which need to be arranged in the logical order to form a coherent paragraph. Key in the most appropriate sequence.

A. A few months ago I went to Princeton University to see what the young people who are going to be running our country in a few decades are like.

B. I would go to sleep in my hotel room around midnight each night, and when I awoke, my mailbox would be full of replies sent at 1:15 a.m., 2:59 a.m., 3:23 a.m.

C. One senior told me that she went to bed around two and woke up each morning at seven; she could afford that much rest because she had learned to supplement her full day of work by studying in her sleep.

D. Faculty members gave me the names of a few dozen articulate students, and I sent them e-mails, inviting them out to lunch or dinner in small groups.

E. As she was falling asleep, she would recite a math problem or a paper topic to herself; she would then sometimes dream about it, and when she woke up, the problem might be solved.

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 20

A is clearly the introductory statement - the rest of the statements are based on what is stated in A.

The AD link is clear - "people who are going to be running our country" in A refers to students of Princeton University who are first introduced in D.

Statements BCE are based on the content in statement D. 

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 21

DIRECTION: Key in the option which correctly summarizes the above paragraph.

Some decisions will be fairly obvious - “no-brainers.” Your bank account is low, but you have a two-week vacation coming up and you want to get away to some place warm to relax with your family. Will you accept your in-laws‟ offer of free use of their Florida beachfront condo? Sure. You like your employer and feel ready to move forward in your career. Will you step in for your boss for three weeks while she attends a professional development course? Of course.

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 21

The argument gives a generalisation and a couple of examples to substantiate the point. Moreover, the argument says that some decisions obviate thinking under some circumstances and not that they always obviate thinking.

B does not take into account this aspect of the argument.

Nowhere in the argument do we find the idea that examples such as accepting free holiday accommodation abound in our lives. So,C is incorrect.

It also fails to take into consideration the circumstances under which thinking is not required.D also does not take into account this aspect nor does it talk about the generalisation.

This option would mean that there are only two "no-brainers" while the argument mentions these as just examples. A gets the structure and the content of the argument right.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 22

DIRECTION: Key in the option which correctly summarizes the above paragraph.

Local communities have often come in conflict with agents trying to exploit resources, at a faster pace, for an expanding commercial-industrial economy. More often than not, such agents of resource-intensification are given preferential treatment by the state, through the grant of generous long leases over mineral or fish stocks, for example, or the provision of raw material at an enormously subsidized price. With the injustice so compounded, local communities at the receiving end of this process have no recourse except direct action, resisting both the state and outside exploiters through a variety of protest techniques. These struggles might perhaps be seen as a manifestation of a new kind of class conflict.

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 22

Preferential treatment given by the state to agents of resource-intensification for an expanding commercial-industrial economy exacerbates injustice to local communities and leads to direct protests from them, resulting in a new type of class conflict.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 23

Direction: Out of the given statements four of them can be grouped together to form a coherent paragraph. Identify one odd one out into the following sentences:

(1) This tax would promptly reduce that number and, because virtually all beginning smokers are young, would also dramatically reduce their numbers.

(2) Instead of gradually escalating the tax on cigarettes, I think that we should make as huge increase with real shock value.

(3) Currently, tobacco companies sell roughly 5billion packs of cigarettes each year.

(4) I propose rewarding the informant with the first $10,000 in recovered cash and cash raised from the sale of seized valuables.

(5) I propose that we immediately place an additional $3 tax on each package of cigarettes.

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 23

The passage talks about escalating tax on cigarettes in order to reduce their consumption. The first sentence of the passage, is (2) because the author talks about raising tobacco tax in order to give a deterrent shock treatment to cigarette smokers.

In the second sentence (5) the author is proposing an additional tax on each cigarette package.

The third sentence of the passage is (3) in which the author gives us a sidelight about the volume of cigarette sales each year, across the US.

The fourth sentence (4) talks, not about tobacco or tax, but about rewarding an informant.

The fifth sentence of the passage is (1), as the sentence begins with the noun phrase “this tax”. There are three sentences in the passage that contain the common word “tax”. The common word establishes a coherent connection between these sentences. The sentence that is out of sync with the passage is (4)

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 24

Direction: Out of the given statements four of them can be grouped together to form a coherent paragraph. Identify one odd one out into the following sentences:

(1) Incredible sources of strength and help are all over the place - just have to use them.

(2) One of my delights in life is being able to talk with my children and get from them.

(3) Frequently, the people who help me are of a team effort, and many never meet them.

(4) Sometimes, those sources come to me, but often I have to seek them out.

(5) Over the years, I have realized that I really am alone.

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 24

The author of the passage is philosophizing about the sources of help that are around him and he tells us what he has to do in order to access them. There is an apparent tussle between sentences (2) and (5) –that is, which of them will begin the passage.

Going by the content of the sentences, the first sentence of the passage is unmistakably (5) and the remaining three sentences flow from it. The first sentence affirms the realization that the author isn’t alone and that there are incredible sources of help around him.

In the second sentence (2) the author categorically confirms that incredible sources of help are all around. That is loneliness, if any, is dispelled by these incredible sources of strength and help.

The third sentence of the passage (4) uses a coherent device to connect it to the preceding second sentence (2).

In the second sentence (2) the noun phrase is worded “Incredible sources of strength…” and in the third sentence (4) the same noun phrase is worded as “those sources”. These two devices tend to establish a coherent link between the second and the third sentences. Even in the fourth sentence (3) there’s a coherent device used. The noun “help” used in the fourth sentence is semantically related to the “sources of strength and help” mentioned in the second sentence (1).

Now to the sentence that cannot cohere into the passage: the sentence is (2). This sentence is thematically and semantically different from the passage.

The odd one out is sentence (2)

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 25

Direction: Out of the given statements four of them can be grouped together to form a coherent paragraph. Identify one odd one out into the following sentences:

(1) My memory of my first-grade teacher on my first day of school is painful and unforgettable.

(2) Whether mother and baby are able to bond immediately affects the physical and emotional health of the baby in a substantial way.

(3) Your parents, if they were there to raise you, had the greatest influence on your life.

(4) Feelings of love and security are establishing early.

(5) Research shows that when a mother is able to hold her baby immediately after birth, the bond between them is stronger and far more likely continue to grow than when that experience is delayed.

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 25

The passage is about a child’s birth and the mother’s influence on the new-born child. So the first sentence of the passage is (3).

The first sentence confirms in no uncertain terms that the parent’s influence will be the greatest on a child when they both raise it.

The second sentence of the passage is (5); it quotes research to support the bonding between the mother and the child.

The third sentence is (2) in which the author confirms how the bonding affects the child’s physical and emotional well-being. This kind of bonding establishes feelings of love and security in children. This is confirmed by sentence (4).

The sentence that cannot integrate into the thought content of the passage is (1), for it is a bit outside the child’s life. The odd one out is sentence (1)

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 26

In the year 2020  Summer olympic Games, the top 3 winners in each event receive medals (Gold, Silver and Bronze for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd place respectively). Every single medal at the long distance running events was won by athletes from just 5 countries, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia, Sweden and Turkey. Ten athletes (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J) from these 5 countries participated. None of the 5 countries had more than 3 athletes representing it. Table 1 below gives the number of medals in long-distance running won by each country, while Table 2 gives the number of medals won by 9 of the athletes. There was no tie for any of the positions in the events under consideration.
Table 1

Table 2

Q. The five countries are ranked according to descending order of total points according to the following system: a Gold Medal is worth 3 points, a Silver is worth 2, and a Bronze is worth 1. Which country will be ranked 3rd?

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 26

Since the total number of Bronze medals is 15, the number of Silver and Gold medals must also be 15. Thus we can see than x must be 7 and y must be 2. Also, since the 9 athletes mentioned have won, between them, 14 Gold, 13 Silver and 13 Bronze, we can conclude that the 10th athlete, J must have won 1 Gold, 2 Silver and 2 Bronze medals.
Table 1

Table 2

The scores for the individual countries, according to the given system, will be Pakistana – 9, Qatar – 13, Russia – 14, Sweden – 34 and Turkey – 20. Hence the ranking will be S, T, R, Q, P and hence R will be ranked 3rd.
Hence, Option C

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 27

In the year 2020  Summer olympic Games, the top 3 winners in each event receive medals (Gold, Silver and Bronze for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd place respectively). Every single medal at the long distance running events was won by athletes from just 5 countries, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia, Sweden and Turkey. Ten athletes (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J) from these 5 countries participated. None of the 5 countries had more than 3 athletes representing it. Table 1 below gives the number of medals in long-distance running won by each country, while Table 2 gives the number of medals won by 9 of the athletes. There was no tie for any of the positions in the events under consideration.
Table 1

Table 2

Q. The countries are now ranked in descending order of Gold medals won. If the number of Gold medals is the same, then the country with a higher number of Silver medals will be ranked higher. Under this system, how many countries will not change their ranking from that in the previous question?

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 27

Since the total number of Bronze medals is 15, the number of Silver and Gold medals must also be 15. Thus we can see than x must be 7 and y must be 2. Also, since the 9 athletes mentioned have won, between them, 14 Gold, 13 Silver and 13 Bronze, we can conclude that the 10th athlete, J must have won 1 Gold, 2 Silver and 2 Bronze medals.
Table 1

Table 2

According to the new system, the ranking will be S, Q, T, R, P. As can be seen, only S and P retain their rankings from the previous question. Hence, A. 

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 28

In the year 2020  Summer olympic Games, the top 3 winners in each event receive medals (Gold, Silver and Bronze for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd place respectively). Every single medal at the long distance running events was won by athletes from just 5 countries, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia, Sweden and Turkey. Ten athletes (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J) from these 5 countries participated. None of the 5 countries had more than 3 athletes representing it. Table 1 below gives the number of medals in long-distance running won by each country, while Table 2 gives the number of medals won by 9 of the athletes. There was no tie for any of the positions in the events under consideration.
Table 1

Table 2

Q. How many athletes represent country Turkey?

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 28

Since the total number of Bronze medals is 15, the number of Silver and Gold medals must also be 15. Thus we can see than x must be 7 and y must be 2. Also, since the 9 athletes mentioned have won, between them, 14 Gold, 13 Silver and 13 Bronze, we can conclude that the 10th athlete, J must have won 1 Gold, 2 Silver and 2 Bronze medals.
Table 1

Table 2

Country Turkey has a total of 2G + 6S + 2B medals. The two G could be won by two different athletes or by a single athlete.
Case 1: Two athletes have won 1 G each. But all such combinations give at least 3 B, so this is impossible.
Case 2: One athlete has won 2 G. In this case by trial and error we find that this athlete can only be A, and to complete the medals tally we need two other athletes F and H. Hence, B.

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 29

In the year 2020  Summer olympic Games, the top 3 winners in each event receive medals (Gold, Silver and Bronze for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd place respectively). Every single medal at the long distance running events was won by athletes from just 5 countries, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia, Sweden and Turkey. Ten athletes (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J) from these 5 countries participated. None of the 5 countries had more than 3 athletes representing it. Table 1 below gives the number of medals in long-distance running won by each country, while Table 2 gives the number of medals won by 9 of the athletes. There was no tie for any of the positions in the events under consideration.
Table 1

Table 2

Q. A country M is said to be crushed by a country N if N wins more medals than M in each category (Gold, Silver and Bronze). Which of the following is true about the 5 given countries?

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 29

Since the total number of Bronze medals is 15, the number of Silver and Gold medals must also be 15. Thus we can see than x must be 7 and y must be 2. Also, since the 9 athletes mentioned have won, between them, 14 Gold, 13 Silver and 13 Bronze, we can conclude that the 10th athlete, J must have won 1 Gold, 2 Silver and 2 Bronze medals.
Table 1

Table 2

Sweden and Turkey are not crushed by any country. So option (1) is false.

Pakistan, Qatar and Russia are all crushed by Sweden (but by no other country) so option (3) is false.

Sweden is the only country which crushes any other country. Hence option (4) is false. Hence, B .

CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 30

Direction for question: The question given below is followed by two statements, A and B. Mark the answer using the following instructions:

Mark (a) if the question can be answered by using either statement alone.

Mark (b) if the question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but cannot be answered by using the other statement alone.

Mark (c) if the question cannot be answered even by using both the statements together.

Mark (d) if the question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be answered by using either statement alone.

Q. Each student in a class opts for one of the two foreign languages – French and Spanish. Six boys opt for French and eight girls opt for Spanish. What is the maximum possible number of girls who opt for French?

A. The total number of students in the class is 35.
B. The students who opt for Spanish are fewer than the students who opt for French.

Detailed Solution for CAT Practice Test - 11 - Question 30

Let the number of girls who opt for French be ‘a’ and the number of boys who opt for Spanish be ‘b
From Statement A: There are 35 students in the class.
∴ 6 + a + b + 8 = 35
⇒ a + b = 21 
In order to maximise ‘a’, we have to minimise ‘b’. Since the question doesn’t say that there has to be at least one boy who opts for Spanish, the minimum value of ‘b’ can be 0 and hence the maximum value of ‘a’ will be 21. This statement alone is sufficient to answer the question.
From Statement B: The information given in the statement is clearly insufficient to answer the question.

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