Test: Principles Of Management - 2 - Commerce MCQ

F.W Taylor is the father of scientific management. F. W Taylor was born in USA. He was primarily considered about the efficiency of workers and optimum utilisation of resources. Taylor published books and research papers explaining his scientific view on industrial organisation and management. Taylor set out scientific studies and techniques. Taylor was publishing of "shop management", "price rate system ",and" principles of scientific management ".

Who is considered as father of "General Management"?
The father of "General Management" refers to the individual who is widely recognized as a pioneer in the field and has made significant contributions to the development and understanding of management principles.
F.W. Taylor
- Frederick Winslow Taylor was an American engineer and management consultant.
- Known as the father of scientific management, he focused on improving efficiency and productivity in industrial settings.
- Taylor's work laid the foundation for modern management theories and practices.
Gilbreth
- Frank Gilbreth and Lillian Gilbreth were a husband and wife team known for their contributions to industrial engineering and motion study.
- While they made important contributions to the field of management, they are not typically considered the father of "General Management."
Henry Fayol
- Henri Fayol was a French management theorist and the founder of the classical management theory.
- Fayol's work emphasized the functions of management, including planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
- He is often referred to as the father of "General Management" due to his comprehensive and systematic approach to management.
Harold Koontz
- Harold Koontz was an American educator and management consultant.
- While he made significant contributions to the field of management and authored several popular management textbooks, he is not typically considered the father of "General Management."
Conclusion
Henry Fayol is considered the father of "General Management" due to his foundational contributions to management theory and practice. His comprehensive approach to management principles and functions has had a lasting impact on the field of management.

It's because like the body of science where every thing has to go through the process of experiment and testing to make it prove that it establish the cause and effect relationship regarding any statement which one is experimenting in laboratory. Unlike the principle used in science,the principle of management couldn't be tested in laboratory because it's a matter of human behaviour and thus also called behavioural science...Any statement can only be given the tag of principle,when it would be tested in the practical life by observing on the humans or any situation as the matter demand so.

The Principle of Science, not Rule of Thumb:
The correct answer to the question is D: F.W. Taylor.
F.W. Taylor, also known as Frederick Winslow Taylor, was an American mechanical engineer and management consultant. He is widely regarded as the father of scientific management and is known for his contributions to the principles of scientific management. Taylor emphasized the use of scientific methods and data to improve efficiency and productivity in the workplace.
Here is a detailed explanation of the principle of science, not rule of thumb, and how it was given by F.W. Taylor:
Scientific Management:
- Scientific management is a management approach that focuses on using scientific methods to improve efficiency and productivity in the workplace.
- It involves the use of data, analysis, and experimentation to identify the best practices and techniques for performing tasks and managing operations.
Principle of Science, not Rule of Thumb:
- One of the key principles of scientific management is the principle of science, not rule of thumb.
- This principle suggests that decisions and practices in the workplace should be based on scientific methods and data, rather than on personal opinions, traditions, or arbitrary rules.
- It emphasizes the importance of using objective and measurable criteria to make decisions and improve processes.
Contributions of F.W. Taylor:
- F.W. Taylor is known for his work on scientific management and his contributions to the principle of science, not rule of thumb.
- He conducted numerous studies and experiments to identify the most efficient ways of performing tasks.
- Taylor believed that by applying scientific methods and principles, productivity could be greatly improved.
Impact of the Principle:
- The principle of science, not rule of thumb, had a significant impact on the field of management.
- It revolutionized the way work was organized and performed, leading to increased efficiency and productivity.
- The principle promoted the use of data-driven decision-making and the application of scientific methods to solve workplace problems.
In conclusion, the principle of science, not rule of thumb, was given by F.W. Taylor. His contributions to scientific management emphasized the importance of using scientific methods and data to improve efficiency and productivity in the workplace. This principle has had a lasting impact on the field of management and continues to be relevant in modern organizations.

Harmony, Not Discord principle is concerned with:
The Harmony, Not Discord principle is concerned with management practices that promote cooperation and collaboration among workers, leading to a harmonious work environment. It emphasizes the importance of fostering positive relationships and shared goals within an organization.

Key points:
- Management should share the gains of the company with workers: This means that management should ensure that employees are fairly compensated for their efforts and that they benefit from the success of the company. This can include providing competitive salaries, bonuses, profit-sharing, and other forms of financial rewards.
- Investigation of Task: While the principle of Harmony, Not Discord does not directly focus on the investigation of tasks, it does encourage effective teamwork and communication in order to achieve common goals. This involves understanding the tasks at hand and working collaboratively to complete them successfully.
- Scientific inquiry: While scientific inquiry is an important aspect of problem-solving and decision-making, it is not directly related to the Harmony, Not Discord principle. However, fostering a harmonious work environment can encourage creative thinking and innovation, which can contribute to scientific inquiry in certain contexts.
- Observation and Analysis: While observation and analysis are important skills in any work environment, they are not specific to the Harmony, Not Discord principle. However, promoting a harmonious work environment can create an atmosphere where employees feel comfortable sharing their observations and ideas, leading to better analysis and decision-making processes.

In conclusion, the Harmony, Not Discord principle emphasizes the importance of creating a positive work environment where cooperation and collaboration are encouraged. By sharing the gains of the company with workers and fostering effective teamwork, organizations can achieve a harmonious work environment and improve overall productivity and success.

Principles of Management and Principles of Pure Science are different in the following ways:
(i) Principles of management are not as rigid as Principles of pure sciences.
(ii) Principles of management deal with human behaviour and cannot be tested in laboratories like the principles of pure science.
(iii) Principles of management are general guidelines whereas Principles of pure sciences are specific.

Lifetime of Henri Fayol:
- Henri Fayol was born on July 29, 1841, in Istanbul, Turkey.
- He passed away on November 19, 1925, in Paris, France.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B:

1841 to 1925

.

During the organizing process, managers coordinate employees, resources, policies, and procedures to facilitate the goals identified in the plan. Organizing is highly complex and often involves a systematic review of human resources, finances, and priorities.
Organizing is a very broad term, it actually a very complex term and often misinterpreted.

Henri Fayol developed the concept of general theory of administration through 14 principles of management and he was a practitioner explained what must be included as managerial tasks to improve overall administration. Information based on personal experience while working in various managerial positions.

Time study is work derived by F.W. Tyler. In this method by using a device to check time, continuous observation is done for the task given. Such observations are then used to either increase or decrease the efficiency the worker.

Unity of direction and unity of command are quite similar but there is main difference that in unity of command there should be one boss of a employe that can give order to him but in unity of direction there should be one plan that is most important and head can order to that employees that are related to that plan only.

Esprit de Corps This means team spirit. Since "union is strength", the management should create team spirit among the employees. Only when all the personnel pull together as a team, there is scope for realising the objectives of the concern. Harmony and unity among the staff are a great source of strength to the undertaking. To achieve this. Fayol suggested two things. One. the motto of divide and rule should be avoided, and two, verbal communication should be used for removing misunderstandings. Differences grow more bitter when cleared through written communication.

Communication through the scalar chain may involve delays when two subordinates or employees at the same level want to exchange ’ information. Thus, Fayol suggested the concept of ‘Gang Plank’ to avoid delays and allow direct communication between two subordinates at the same level. Gang Plank is useful as it helps in making direct contact in case of emergency. This idea of Fayol shows that his principles are flexible and can be modified as per the situation.

Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, 1856 – March 21, 1915) was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He was one of the first management consultants. Taylor was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency Movement and his ideas, broadly conceived, were highly influential in the Progressive Era (1890s-1920s). Taylor summed up his efficiency techniques in his 1911 book The Principles of Scientific Management, which in 2001 Fellows of the Academy of Management voted the most influential management book of the twentieth century. His pioneering work in applying engineering principles to the work done on the factory floor was instrumental in the creation and development of the branch of engineering that is now known as industrial engineering. Taylor made his name in, and was most proud of his work in, scientific management; however, he made his fortune patenting steel-process improvements. Taylor was also an athlete who competed nationally in tennis and golf.

Summary:

Among the given options, the concept of "Scalar Chain" is not directly associated with F.W. Taylor. The other options, namely "Motion Study," "Fatigue Study," and "Method Study," are all related to Taylor and his principles of scientific management.

Detailed Explanation:

Motion Study:

• Taylor developed the concept of motion study, which involved analyzing and optimizing the movements of workers to increase efficiency and reduce wasted motion.

Fatigue Study:

• Taylor recognized the importance of addressing worker fatigue to improve productivity.


• He conducted studies to identify the causes of fatigue and suggested methods to reduce it, such as providing rest breaks and optimizing work schedules.

Method Study:

• Taylor emphasized the importance of analyzing and improving work methods to increase productivity.


• Method study involves examining the sequence of steps in a task and finding ways to eliminate unnecessary steps or streamline the process.

Scalar Chain:

• The concept of scalar chain, also known as the chain of command, is not directly associated with F.W. Taylor.


• It refers to the formal hierarchy and communication channels within an organization.


• The scalar chain is more closely associated with Henri Fayol's principles of management, rather than Taylor's principles of scientific management.

In conclusion, among the given options, the concept of "Scalar Chain" is not concerned with F.W. Taylor. The other options, namely "Motion Study," "Fatigue Study," and "Method Study," are all associated with Taylor and his principles of scientific management.

The technique of scientific management that is the extension of ‘principle of division of work and specialisation’ is ‘Functional Foremanship’. Like Fayols ‘Principle of management and specialisation’, F.W.Taylor felt that it was not possible  to get in one man ‘the combination of brain, education, technical skill and other qualities necessary to handle all the requirements of an operating job’. He advocated functional foremanship to supervise workers. 

 

Taylor paid importance to division of work in such a way that every person is utilised to hi full potential for this he divided the lower level into two parts
1.The ones who will lay stress on plans prepared by top level...and decide its validity and implementation on ground level
2. The ones who will execute the plans on ground level

The Managers aims to eliminate unnecessary motions of the workers. Motions refer to sitting bending etc. By identifying those motions which are not required and making a standard set of motions to be performed while completing a task. Therefore motion study refers to refining of motions of labourers.

The correct option is D.

 FW Taylor conducted a number of experiments in various areas of production.Time study It refers to determining the standard time required to complete a particular activity.

Motion study This is the analysis of physical movements in doing a work.Method study It refers to identify the most suitable way to do a particular activity.Fatigue study Study of the nature of work to determine the standard time for finishing the job and to find out when the workers need rest.

All these techniques and studies are concerned with F.W.Taylor