Test: Planning - 1 - Commerce MCQ

No Smoking in Factory comes under Rules.Rules are specific statements that inform what is to be done. They do not allow for any flexibility or discretion. It reflects a managerial coercion that a certain action must or must not be taken.

Planning leads to rigidity: Once plans are made to decide the future course of action the manager may not be in a position to change them. Following a predefined plan when circumstances are changed may not bring positive results for the organisation. This kind of rigidity in plan may create difficulty.

General rule is a rule that is applicable to a class of cases or circumstances. It can also be formal order or direction made by a court, as for governing the procedure of the court or a general norm mandating or guiding conduct or action in a given type of situation. 

School rules are usually associated with classroom management and school discipline.According to the students, relational rules are the most important in school. Students also value protecting and structuring rules as important because of the meaning giving to them.

Planning states the goals and objectives that are to be accomplished. It additionally helps in deciding if there is any deviation from the said targets, and in this manner, works with the remedial measures. Thus, planning structures the base for control.

Planning is ascertaining prior to what to do and how to do. It is one of the primary managerial duties. Before doing something, the manager must form an opinion on how to work on a specific job. Hence, planning is firmly correlated with discovery and creativity.

Intuitive Decision Making
Intuitive decision making refers to the process of making decisions based on experience, feelings, and accumulated judgement rather than relying solely on rational analysis or logical reasoning. It involves using one's gut instincts and relying on past experiences and knowledge to guide decision-making. Here are some key points to understand about intuitive decision making:
1. Definition: Intuitive decision making is a cognitive process that involves making decisions quickly and without extensive analysis or deliberation. It relies on subconscious cues, emotions, and pattern recognition to arrive at a decision.
2. Characteristics: Intuitive decision making is often associated with the following characteristics:
- Rapid decision-making: Decisions are made quickly, often without explicitly considering all available information.
- Gut feelings: Intuition is guided by gut feelings, hunches, or instincts that are difficult to explain or justify.
- Experience-based: Decisions are influenced by past experiences and accumulated knowledge.
- Emotionally-driven: Emotions play a significant role in the decision-making process, influencing the final choice.
3. Benefits: Intuitive decision making can offer several advantages, including:
- Speed: It allows for quick decision-making, which can be beneficial in time-sensitive situations.
- Expertise utilization: It leverages the expertise and knowledge gained from past experiences.
- Creativity: Intuitive decisions can be more innovative and creative, as they are not bound by strict rationality.
4. Limitations: However, intuitive decision making also has its limitations:
- Subjectivity: Intuitive decisions are highly subjective and can be influenced by biases and personal preferences.
- Lack of analysis: It may lead to overlooking important information or potential risks due to the reliance on gut feelings.
- Inconsistency: Intuitive decisions can be inconsistent and may vary from person to person.
In conclusion, intuitive decision making is a valuable approach that allows individuals to make decisions based on experience, feelings, and accumulated judgement. While it offers speed and creativity, it should be complemented with rational analysis to ensure a comprehensive decision-making process.

Policy refers to the general guidelines that brings uniformity in the decion making to accomplish predetermined goal. here, the policy is to bring only trained engineers.

Choice of advertising media is concerned with:
There are several factors that need to be considered when choosing the appropriate advertising media for a campaign. These factors include:
1. Target audience: Understanding the demographics, interests, and preferences of the target audience is crucial in selecting the most effective advertising media.
2. Budget: The available budget will impact the choice of advertising media. Different media channels have varying costs, and it is essential to allocate funds wisely.
3. Reach and frequency: Evaluating the reach and frequency of different media options helps determine which channels will provide the desired level of exposure to the target audience.
4. Message and goals: The nature of the message and the objectives of the advertising campaign will influence the choice of media. Different media have different capabilities for conveying specific messages and achieving specific goals.
5. Competitor analysis: Analyzing the advertising strategies of competitors can provide insights into which media channels are being used effectively in the industry.
6. Media consumption habits: Understanding how the target audience consumes media is important. This includes considering whether they prefer traditional media channels such as TV, radio, and print or if they are more inclined towards digital platforms like social media and online advertising.
7. Geographic considerations: Depending on the geographic scope of the advertising campaign, certain media channels may be more relevant and effective than others.
8. Measurability and tracking: The ability to measure and track the performance of advertising efforts is crucial. Choosing media channels that offer measurable and trackable metrics allows for better evaluation and optimization of the campaign.
9. Integration and synergy: Considering how different media channels can work together to create a cohesive and integrated advertising campaign can enhance the overall effectiveness of the message.
In conclusion, the choice of advertising media involves a careful analysis of various factors, including the target audience, budget, reach and frequency, message and goals, competitor analysis, media consumption habits, geographic considerations, measurability and tracking, and integration and synergy. By considering these factors, advertisers can make informed decisions about which media channels to utilize for their campaigns.

Selection of employees is a procedure of the business
- The selection of employees is a crucial process for any business as it directly impacts the success and efficiency of the organization.
- It involves various steps and methods to identify and hire the most suitable candidates for the available positions.
- The selection procedure typically includes the following stages:
1. Job analysis: Identifying the requirements and qualifications needed for the position.
2. Recruitment: Attracting potential candidates through job postings, advertisements, referrals, etc.
3. Screening: Reviewing resumes and conducting initial interviews to shortlist candidates.
4. Assessment: Administering tests, assessments, or interviews to evaluate the skills, knowledge, and suitability of the candidates.
5. Selection: Making the final decision on which candidate to hire based on the assessment results and organizational needs.
- The selection procedure is designed to ensure that the business selects the most competent and suitable individuals for the job.
- It helps in minimizing the risks of hiring the wrong candidates and maximizes the chances of finding the right fit for the organization.
- The selection procedure may vary from one business to another, depending on factors such as the size of the organization, industry, and job role.
- Ultimately, the selection process aims to identify individuals who have the necessary qualifications, skills, and attributes to contribute to the success of the business.

Rational decision making is a multi-step process for making choices between alternatives. The process of rational decision-making favors logic, objectivity, and analysis over subjectivity and insight. The word “rational” in this context does not mean sane or clear-headed as it does in the colloquial sense.
The rational model also assumes:
1. An individual has full and perfect information on which to base a choice.
2. Measurable criteria exist for which data can be collected and analyzed.
3. An individual has the cognitive ability, time, and resources to evaluate each alternative against the others.