Sociology: CUET Mock Test - 4 - CUET MCQ

For Durkheim, religion is about the separation of the sacred from the profane. The sacred refers to those collective representations that are set apart from society, or that which transcends the humdrum of everyday life.

Sovereignty is the defining authority within an individual consciousness, social construct or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states.

Political institutions are concerned with the distribution of power in society. Two concepts, which are critical to the understanding of political institutions, are power and authority.

It is based on expansion of education, technology, industry and urban life. It has a complex division of labour. Its base is materialising. Due to diverse social conditions heterogeneous life is found.

These social resources can be divided into three forms of capital economic capital: material assets and income; cultural capital such as educational qualifications and status; and social capital in the form of networks of contacts and social associations(Bourdieu 1986). Third, they are systematic and structured; there is a definite social inequalities pattern.

People often harbour prejudices about other social groups. Each of us grows up as a community member from which we acquire ideas not just about our community, our caste or class, our gender but also about others. Often these ideas reflect prejudices. Prejudices refer to preconceived opinions or attitudes held by members of one group towards another.

The ritually highest caste, the brahmins, were not supposed to amass wealth and were subordinated to kings and rulers’ secular power belonging to the Kshatriya castes.

Notions of distance pollution existed in many regions of India (particularly in the south) such that even the mere presence or the shadow of an untouchable person is considered polluting.

The First Backward Class Commission was set up by a Presidential Order under Article 340 of the Constitution of India on Jan 29th, 1953, under the Chairmanship of Shri Kaka Kalelkar (popularly known as Kaka Kalelkar Commission). It submitted its report on March 30th, 1955.

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is a book written by Max Weber, a German sociologist, economist, and politician. Begun as a series of essays, the original German text was composed in 1904 and 1905, and was translated into English for the first time by American sociologist Talcott Parsons in 1930.

Female foeticide is the process of finding out the sex of the foetus and undergoing abortion if it is a girl. Although it is illegal, many people continue to practice it. Besides this, there are some communities which practice female infanticide - the practice of killing the girl child once she is born.

One of the classical sociologists Emile Durkheim coined the term 'sacred' and 'profane' in sociology. Sacred was used for the things related to the supernatural while profane was coined for the things used in normal life. This discussion on The concept of sacred is related with)everyday life.

Industrial Developments have taken place in factories post 18th century in Europe from where it spread to the rest of the world within 50 years of time.

The term “family of procreation” is loosely used to refer to a family unit created by two or more people. The concept is juxtaposed to “family of origin,” which refers to the families from which individuals originate. The family of procreation will form unique family values and dynamics.

Sociologists use the term social stratification to refer to a system by which categories of people in a society are ranked in a hierarchy.

A person may be prejudiced in favour of members of his/her own caste or group. Without any evidence, they believe them to be superior to members of other castes or groups. Prejudices are often grounded in stereotypes, fixed and inflexible characterisations of a group of people.

Strictly speaking, the untouchable castes are outside the caste hierarchy. They are considered to be so impure that their mere touch severely pollutes members of all other castes, bringing terrible punishment for the former and forcing the latter to perform elaborate purification rituals.

The first government of independent India under Jawaharlal Nehru appointed a commission to look into measures for the welfare of the OBCs.

The OBC issue became a regional affair pursued at the state rather than the central level from the mid-fifties. The southern states had a long history of backward caste political agitation that had started in the early twentieth century.

The Jana or tribes were believed to be people of the forest whose distinctive habitat in the hill and forest areas shaped their economic, social, and political attributes.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy led the anti-sati campaign in Bengal. The widow remarriage movement in the Bombay presidency where Ranade was one of the leading reformers, from Jyotiba Phule’s simultaneous attack on caste and gender oppression, and from the social reform movement in Islam led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s attempts to reform society, religion, and women’s status can be taken as the starting point of the nineteenth-century social reform in Bengal.

Jyotirao Phule wanted girls to be educated but within the precincts of their homes.

There is no necessary relationship between any specific form of community and the modern form of the state. But, in the hope of being able to control or manage the nation, states tend to favour a single, homogeneous identity.

Policies that promote values and norms that are usually entirely or largely those of the dominant social group. Other, nondominant or subordinated groups in society are expected or required to give up their own cultural values and adopt the prescribed ones.

Policies of integration insist that the public culture be restricted to a common national pattern, while all ‘non-national’ cultures are to be relegated to the private sphere.

The Polavaram dam on the river Godavari in Andhra Pradesh will displace hundreds of thousands of Adivasis, driving them to greater destitution.

Ranade used the writings of scholars such as bishop joseph butler, whose analogy of religion and three sermons on human nature dominated the moral philosophy syllabus of Bombay university in the 1860s.

The Indian nationalist movement aimed to include all sections of society, irrespective of their religion, caste, region, or language. This inclusiveness promoted unity and a sense of common belonging among the diverse population. The democratic vision of Indian nationalism was reflected in its recognition of diversity and plurality, ensuring that every group's rights and interests were respected and represented. This approach allowed for a harmonious coexistence of different groups and fostered national unity.

Assimilationist policies also require non-dominant or subordinated groups in society to give up their own cultural values and adopt the prescribed ones.