HTET TGT Science Mock Test - 7 - HTET MCQ

Critical pedagogy includes relationships between teaching and learning. Its proponents claim that it is a continuous process of what they call unlearning, learning, and relearning, reflection, evaluation, and the impact that these actions have on students. Critical pedagogy is a philosophy of education and social movement that combines education with critical theory. Paulo Freire was the first to describe it.
Freire endorses students' ability to think critically about their educational situation; this way of thinking allows them to recognize connections between their individual problems and experiences and the social contexts in which they are embedded.

Heredity and Environment operate together to produce a person's intelligence, temperament, height, weight, etc. The relative contributions of heredity and environment are not additive. It cannot be said that such-and-such percentage of nature, and such-and-such percentage of experience makes us who we are. The genetic expression also does not happen just once. Genes produce proteins throughout the lifespan, in many different environments.

The process of learning can take place everywhere. It is not limited to a particular place, it can take place in a formal setup or in the informal or non-formal setup. Non-formal setup does not require any curriculum, syllabus, etc whereas formal setup requires curriculum, syllabus, etc. Learnings in educational institutions are known as formal learning. Learning is a comprehensive, goal-oriented process.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Educational institutions are the only place where learning takes place.'

A student of any class having a problem of  'visual deficiency' should be treated normally within the classroom and provided support through audio CDs. Children suffering from 'visual deficiency are unable to see, in that case, they should be provided adequate support through audio lectures so that they also gain the same level of understanding as other students.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Treated normally in the classroom and provided support through audio CDs.'

A teacher should possess some qualities to teach at the primary level such as she should have the patience to deal with all sorts of questions arising in the minds of the students. Students at the primary level ask very silly questions she should not get frustrated with them and reply in a very calm manner. Apart from this, a teacher should also have a quality of perseverance she should stick to her plans and not lose hopes even if she is facing many difficulties in achieving them.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Patience and Perseverance.'

Jean Piaget has proposed four stages in his cognitive development theory. The First stage is the sensorimotor stage which occurs from birth to 2 years, second is the pre-operational stage which occurs from 2 to 7 years of age, the third is the concrete operational stage which occurs from 7 to 11 years of age. This is the stage when a child begins to think logically about objects and events. Last is the formal operational stage which occurs above 12 years of age.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Concrete operational stage.'

The 'insight theory of learning' was proposed by Wolfgang Kohler. During the time when he was studying the behaviour of apes, he has designed some simple experiments that lead to the development of the cognitive theories of learning which he referred to as insight learning.
Insight learning is the form of cognitive learning in which animals are used by Kohler to get the results. It occurs in human learning when people recognize relationships that can help them in solving problems.
Hence, the correct answer is, ''Gestalt theorists.'

Jean Piaget has proposed the cognitive development of theory in which he identified four stages of children's intellectual development. These stages are, the sensorimotor stage which occurs from birth to 2 years, the preoperational stage which occurs from 2 years to 7 years, the concrete operational stage which occurs from 7 years to 11 years and the formal operational stage (abstract thinking) which occurs from 11 years and above.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Piaget.'

Special education is defined as individualized educational instruction designed to meet the unique educational and related needs of students with disabilities. 

Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a theory that focuses on how children develop morality and moral reasoning. His theory played a profound role in the development of moral psychology.

"Motivation" refers to the factors that move or activate the behavior of people toward a goal. It plays a significant role in students learning and development.
For example, when we see a student working diligently on every duty assigned to him or her, hence we infer that the individual has a motive to achieve. According to Skinner, "motivation is the superhighway to learning".

क्ष व्यंजन 'संयुक्त व्यंजन' का उदाहरण है।

• क्ष = क् (स्वर रहित) + ष (स्वर सहित)
• क्ष से शब्द = क्षय, कक्षा, नक्षत्र, रक्षा आदि।
• दो या दो से अधिक असमान व्यंजनों के मिलने से बनने वाले व्यंजन को संयुक्त व्यंजन कहते हैं।

उदाहरण -

• त्र = त् + र
• ज्ञ = ज्+ ञ
• श्र = श् + र

Important Pointsवर्ण के दो भेद होते हैं।

1. स्वर वर्ण
2. व्यंजन वर्ण

अघोष व सघोष व्यंजन -

अघोष

• जिन वर्णों के उच्चारण में स्वर तंत्रियों में कंपन नहीं होता है और वर्णों का उच्‍चारण करते समय केवल श्‍वास का प्रयोग किया जाता है, उन्हें अघोष वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के प्रथम और द्वितीय वर्ण अघोष वर्ण होते हैं।
• अघोष ऊष्म वर्ण - श, ष, स

सघोष

• जिन वर्णों के उच्चारण में स्वर तंत्रियों में कंपन होता है उन्हें सघोष वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के तृतीय, चतुर्थ व पंचम वर्ण सघोष वर्ण होते हैं।
• सघोष अंतःस्थ वर्ण - य, र, ल, व
• सघोष ऊष्म वर्ण- ह

अल्‍पप्राण व महाप्राण व्यंजन -

अल्‍पप्राण

• जिन वर्णों के उच्चारण में श्वास या प्राण वायु की मात्रा अल्प(कम) होती है, उन्हें अल्पप्राण वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के प्रथम, तृतीय व पंचम वर्ण अल्पप्राण वर्ण होते हैं।
• अल्‍पप्राण अंतःस्थ वर्ण - य, र, ल, व

महाप्राण

• जिन वर्गों के उच्चारण में श्वास या प्राण वायु की मात्रा अधिक होती है, उन्हें महाप्राण वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के द्वितीय व चतुर्थ वर्ण महाप्राण वर्ण होते हैं।
• महाप्राण ऊष्म वर्ण- श, ष, स, ह

 (यदि -तो ) मिश्र वाक्य का योजक चिन्ह है

पीयूष शब्द दूध का पर्यायवाची है।

Key Points

पीयूष

• पुल्लिंग
  • अमृत, सुधा।

दूध का पर्यायवाची शब्द-

• दुग्ध, गोरस, क्षीर, दोहज, पय, पीयूष, स्तन्य।

Additional Information

पीयूष के पर्यायवाची-

• अमिय, अमी, अमृत, सुधा, सोम
• आबेहयात, देवान्न, देवाहार, जीवनोदक।

जल के पर्यायवाची-

• वारि, पानी, नीर, सलिल, तोय, उदक
• अंबु, जीवन, पय, अमृत, मेघपुष्प।

घृत का पर्यायवाची-

• घी, अमृत, नवनीत।

हलाहल का पर्यायवाची

• गरल, कालकूट, माहुर, विष, जहर

सही विकल्प 4 'भरपेट' है।

Key Points

• भरपेट में अव्ययीभाव समास का प्रयोग किया गया जिसका अर्थ होता है 'पेट भरकर'
• अव्ययीभाव समास- जिस समास का प्रथम पद या पूर्व पद अव्यय हो अर्थात जिसमें प्रथम पद प्रधान हो उसे अव्ययीभाव समास कहते हैं।
  • अन्य उदाहरण- प्रतिदिन, यथाशक्ति, यथासंभव यावज्जीवन आदि।
• अन्य विकल्पः-
  • विद्यालय- का समस विग्रह- विद्या के लिए आलय। इस शब्द में सम्प्रदान तत्पुरुष समास है।
  • मनमाना- का समस विग्रह- 'मन से माना हुआ'। इस शब्द में करण तत्पुरुष समास(से , द्वारा) है।
  • कनफटा- का समस विग्रह- ' कान है फटे हुए जिसके अर्थात् नाथों का एक विशेष संप्रदाए विशेष। इसमें बहुब्रीह समास है।

Additional Information

• समास- दो या दो से अधिक पदों या शब्दों के संक्षेपीकरण से जो शब्द बनता है, उसे ही समास कहते है।
  • समास में मुख्यता दो पद होते है पहले पद को पूर्व पद एवं दूसरे पद को उत्तर पद कहते है ।
  • समास के मुख्यतः 4 भेद होते है। किन्तु तत्‍पुरुष समास के दो उपभेद भी होते है।
• अव्ययी भाव समास -जिस समास का प्रथम पद अव्यय हो अर्थात् प्रथम पद प्रधान हो ।
  • जैसे- आजन्म,प्रतिदिन, प्रत्यक्ष आदि।
• तत्पुरुष समाम - जिस समास का अंतिम पद अर्थात उत्तर पद प्रधान हो उसे तत्पुरुष समाम कहते है।
  • जैसे- चिड़ीमार, गगनचुम्बी आदि।
• कर्मधारय समाम-जिस समास में विशेषण और विशेष्य का संबंध अथवा उपमेय और उपमान का संबंध पाया जाता है. उसं कर्मधार्य समास कहते है।
  • जैसे- नीलगाय-नीली है जो गाय
• द्विगु समाम -जिस समास का प्रथम पद संख्यावाची तथा अंतिम पद संज्ञा हो उसे द्विगु समास कहते है। जैसे -नवरत्न
  • समास के अन्य उदाहरण
• बहुव्रीह समास - कोई पद प्रधान नही।
  • जैसे चतुर्भुज - चार भुजाएँ है जिसकी अर्थात भगवान विष्णु
• द्वन्‍द्व समास- दोनो पद प्रधान होते है।
  • जैसे माता- पिता

Mistake Pointsतत्‍पुरुष समास के दो उपभेद हैं-

• कर्मधारय समास
• द्विगु समास

Unconnected not joined together or to something else.
Chaotic : in a state of complete confusion and disorder.
Unaccountable : unable to be explained; Inexplicable.
Confusing : bewildering or perplexing.
Inexplicable : unable to be explained or accounted for.

Synonym of Inexplicable is Unaccountable

We can say that ,
Use structure “auxiliary + past participle”
The above given sentence is given in Passive Voice :-
Wine should be opened about three hours before it is used.
Hence ,required answer will be option D .

Use structure “subject + auxiliary + past participle ”
As per the given above sentence is given in Passive Voice.
You have been warned.
Therefore , required answer will be option A .

The correct answer is Sultanpur National Park.

About Sultanpur National park:

• It is located at Sultanpur village on Gurgaon - Jhajjar highway, 15 km from the Gurgaon district in Haryana, and 50 km from New Delhi.
• Sultanpur National park covers approximately 142.52 Hectares of area. This National Park was formerly a Bird sanctuary.
• In this National park, many of the Birds varieties are there like Paddy field Pipit, Eurasian Knick knee, Gray Francolin, Black Francolin, Indian Roller, Purple Sunbird, Little Cormorant, Pigeons, etc.
• It is named after Chauhan Rajput Raja Sultan Singh Chauhan, a great-grandson of 'Harsh Dev Singh Chauhan (descendent of Great Prithvi Raj Chauhan).
• The Sultanpur National Park officially became a National park on 13 July 1989 and has an area of 1.43 km, (Under that Chief Minister of Haryana Bansi Lal).

About Gurgaon (Gurugram District):

Map view of Gururam district (Haryana state):

Notes:

• Some of the Haryana state wildlife sanctuaries are (Nahar wildlife sanctuary, Chhilchhila wildlife sanctuary), Natural parks are (Sultanpur National Park, and Kalesar National Park)
• The largest Bird Sanctuary of India is Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary located in Gujarat.
• The smallest Bird Sanctuary of India is the Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary located in the Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu.

Initial area = L × B

New area = (100 + 20)% of L × (100 – 12.50)% of B = 1.05L × B

Hence, Option A is correct.

Given number -        8 3 7 9 1 2

Descending order -  9 8 7 3 2 1

Hence, the position of only one digit, i.e. 7 remains unchanged.

Many times fish culture also known as pisciculture done in combination with rice crop. 

this is because during the sowing of rice crop it needs more and more water . the land where to sown the rice crop should be too much wet . even the field is filled with water up to 1 to 1.5 feet . so , in this water we can rear the fish also cause water is enough for fish and rice too. 

this water helps to. survive the new fishes in the field and when this fishes grown up than it will be transfer to a big lake or a pond . 

Brownian movement arises because of the impact of the molecules of the dispersion medium with the colloidal particles. Since the impacts of the molecules of the dispersion medium on the colloidal particles are unequal (i.e. unbalanced bombardment), the result is zig-zag motion.

Arteries are thick-walled blood vessels which pump blood at high pressure away from the heart. They do not have valves as their walls are highly muscular.

Food Chain: Starting Point
The correct answer to the question is B: Photosynthesis. A food chain always starts with photosynthesis. Here is a detailed explanation of why photosynthesis is the starting point of a food chain:
1. What is Photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. It takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
2. Role of Photosynthesis in the Food Chain:
Photosynthesis is the primary source of energy for all living organisms on Earth. It is responsible for the production of organic compounds, primarily glucose, which serves as food for the entire food chain.
3. Producers:
Green plants, also known as producers, are the first trophic level in a food chain. They use photosynthesis to convert sunlight energy into chemical energy (glucose). They are self-sustaining and do not depend on other organisms for their energy.
4. Herbivores:
Herbivores are the primary consumers in a food chain. They consume plants, utilizing the energy stored in the glucose produced through photosynthesis. Examples of herbivores include cows, rabbits, and deer.
5. Carnivores and Omnivores:
Carnivores and omnivores are the secondary and tertiary consumers in a food chain. They obtain energy by consuming herbivores or other carnivores. Carnivores solely depend on the consumption of other organisms for their energy needs.
6. Decomposers:
Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in the food chain. They break down the remains of dead organisms, including plants and animals, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem. These nutrients are then used by plants for photosynthesis, completing the cycle.
In conclusion, photosynthesis is the starting point of a food chain. It provides the energy needed for the growth and survival of all living organisms in an ecosystem. Without photosynthesis, the food chain would cease to exist, and life on Earth would not be sustainable.

The key difference between strong acids and weak acids lies in their degree of dissociation in water. Strong acids dissociate completely or almost completely in water, resulting in a higher concentration of hydrogen ions. On the other hand, weak acids only partially dissociate, leading to a lower concentration of hydrogen ions compared to strong acids. This difference in dissociation behavior is what distinguishes strong acids from weak acids.

A pH value greater than 7 signifies a basic solution. This indicates that the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution is higher than the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), making the solution basic in nature. Basic solutions have a pH greater than 7 and can range from slightly basic to strongly basic.

 (d)   (i) and (iv)

Explanation: Aluminum is ductile and has a high electrical conductivity, which makes it unsuitable for utensil production. Aluminium has a high melting point and good heat conductivity. Copper, steel (an alloy of iron), and aluminium are the most popular metals used to make utensils. Due to their ability to conduct heat, copper and aluminium are the most used materials.