RRB Junior Stenographer Mock Test - 7 - RRB NTPC/ASM/CA/TA MCQ

Solar energy - Greenhouse effect - Incorrect

• The term ‘Greenhouse effect’ has been derived from a phenomenon that occurs in a greenhouse.
• A greenhouse looks like a small glasshouse and is used for growing plants, especially during winter.
• In a greenhouse, the glass panel lets the light in but does not allow heat to escape.
• Therefore, the greenhouse warms up, very much like inside a car that has been parked in the sun for a few hours. 
• The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon that is responsible for heating of Earth’s surface and atmosphere.
• Solar energy is trapped by the earth atmosphere and radiates slowly so as to cover our earth with a warm blanket.
• This is the natural process of the greenhouse effect on earth to maintain its temperature and makes the earth perfect for life.
• Without the greenhouse effect, the average temperature at the surface of Earth would have been a chilly –18°C rather than the present average of 15°C.
• Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour are the major greenhouse gases that absorb the infrared radiation from the Earth and re-emit it.
• It is not caused due to solar energy but due to greenhouse gasses.

Thus, the solar energy-greenhouse effect is not the correct pair.

Additional Information

Fossil fuel-burning - Release of CO₂ - Correct

• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released into the atmosphere by respiration, the burning of fossil fuels for energy.
• In recent years, their quantities have increased significantly due to the burning of fossil fuels.
• The increased amount of CO₂ in the air is mainly responsible for global warming.

Nuclear power - Radioactive wastes - Correct

• Initially, nuclear energy was hailed as a non-polluting way of generating electricity.
• Later on, it was realised that the use of nuclear energy has very serious inherent problems i.e. the generation of radioactive waste.
• Safe disposal of radioactive wastes is important in nuclear power energy factories.
• Improper disposal of nuclear waste can cause serious physical and biological deformities in living organisms when directly exposed to them. 

Biomass burning - Release of CO₂  - Correct

• Biomass burning means the burning of living or dead vegetation.
• It happens during land cleaning in the agriculture process when crops are out of the field.
• In this process, a high amount of CO₂ is released into the environment.

NABARD was established in 1982 to support the rural sector's development, following recommendations by the Shivaraman Committee.

The solution is All of these

Concept

• Soil pollution- the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or contaminants) in soil, in high enough concentration to pose a risk to human health and/or the ecosystem.
•  It can be also defined as the addition of substances to the soil, which adversely affects the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil and reduces its productivity.
  •           Negative Pollution- Deterioration in the productivity of soil due to a reduction in quality or quantity of topsoil is called negative soil pollution. It is caused by over-use and erosion.
  • Positive Pollution- It is a reduction in soil productivity and deterioration in the quality of plants.due to the addition of pollution from the air, faulty sanitation, industrial effluents, supra-optimum fertilizers, and pesticides.
  • Third Pollution- It is landscape pollution in which the land is so severely misused that it becomes filthy and odorous because of the dumping of garbage, rubbish, sludge, ash, industrial wastes, etc. over it.

Explanation

• The use of pesticides should be minimized. Biological control should be known and imple­mented.
• The use of fertilizers should be highly judicious.
• Cropping techniques should be improved so that weeds are unable to take a foothold in the fields. This would automatically reduce the use of weedicides or herbicides.
• Special pits or low-lying areas are selected for the dumping of industrial wastes.
• Improvement in mining techniques and transport of extracted materials so that spread of mine dust should be minimized. The area should not be left barren and dry. Instead, afforestation should be carried out as soon as it becomes feasible.
• Controlled grazing and proper forest management.
• Windbreaks and windshields in areas exposed to wind erosion.
• Planting of soil binding grasses and other perennials along the banks and slopes prone to rapid erosion.
• Afforestation and reforestation.

The Doctrine of Lapse had caused suspicion and uneasiness in the minds of almost all ruling princes in India. The right of succession was denied for the Hindu Prince and the guarantee of adoption to the throne was disallowed.

In case of disputed interpretation the decision of the East India Company became final as there was no Supreme Court to say anything whether wrong or right. Punjab, Pegu, Sikkim had been annexed by the right of conquest. Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Bhagat, Udayapur, Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed with the extension of the Doctrine of Lapse. On the allegation of the written administration, Oudh was annexed.

1st term = 1
2nd term = 1 + (1) = 2
3rd term = 2 + (1) = 3
4th term = 3 + (3) = 6
5th term = 6 + (3) = 9
6th term = 9 + (9) = 18
7th term = 18 + (9) = 27
8th term = 27 + (27) = 54

Thus, the missing term is 7th term = 27

We know that area of triangle is equals to 1/2 base × altitude.
Here, base = 4 cm and altitude = 6 cm.
So, area = 1/2 × 4 × 6= 24 /2= 12 cm².

When the quantity of acids in the raining water is more than the average, then such rain is called 'Acid rain'.

We are aware that normally rainwater has a pH of 5.6.  When the pH of the rainwater drops below 5.6, it is called acid rain.

Acid rain refers to the ways in which acid from the atmosphere is deposited on the earth’s surface. Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur which are acidic in nature can be blown by the wind along with solid particles in the atmosphere and finally settle down either on the ground as dry deposition or in water, fog and snow as wet deposition.

∴ The average pH value of the acid rain is 4 to 5 and hence the average value of 4.5.

The bad effects of acid rain

• When acid rain falls and flows as groundwater to reach rivers, lakes etc, it affects plants and animal life in the aquatic ecosystem
• Acid rain is harmful to agriculture, trees and plants as it dissolves and washes away nutrients needed for their growth
• It causes respiratory ailments in human beings and animal
• It may also cause corrosion in many buildings bridges, monuments, fencing etc
• It causes irritation in the eyes and skin of human beings
• This rain reduces the lustre of the metals too
• Acid rain damages buildings and other structures made of stone or metal
• The Taj Mahal in India has been affected by acid rain

When the soil has pH value greater than 11, it is termed as practically infertile.

Causes of high soil pH:

• Sources of alkalinity.
• Role of cations (Na and Ca)
• Influence of soluble salt levels
• Influence of carbon dioxide and carbonates.

Important Points 

1. If the pH in the case of saline soil is around 8.5, very good structure
2. And in the case of saline-sodic soil, it is from 8.5 to 10, good structure.
3. And in the case of sodic soil, it is generally greater than 10, structureless.

Note:

Why high pH soils are infertile:

The high pH caused due to the presence of sodium carbonate which is highly soluble.

This high pH causes fulvic and humic acid of organic matter to get dissolve and when the water evaporates, it gives the surface a black color.

This sodic soil creates physical disintegration and due to high sodium and low salt concentration, slaking, swelling and dispersion occurs which caused coagulation of soil particles as Vander Vaal forces dominate due to deficiency of hydrated ions. 

Complete dispersion causes soil crusting and as a result of this germination problem due to clogs that restrict soil and air movement and makes soil infertile.

Initial number of balls = 90 + 110 + 150 + 50 = 400
Balls removed = 50% of 90 + 70% of 110 = 122
Remaining balls = 278

Hence, Option D is correct.

Let AB be the tower and let C and D be the two's positions men.
At that point ∠ACB = 30°,∠ADB = 45°and AB = 50 m
AC/AB = Cot30° = √3 => AC/50 = √3
=> AC = 50√3m
AD/AB = cot 45° = 1 => AD/50 = 1
=> AD = 50M.
Separation between the two men = CD = (AC + AD)
= (50√3 + 50) m = 50(√3 + 1)
=50(1.73 + 1)m = (50 * 2.73)m = 136.5m.

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment provided constitutional recognition and structure to the Panchayati Raj institutions, enhancing local self-governance.

Irrational number is √13

Where a is the side of rhombus.
Hence option C is correct.

The correct answer is Option 3, i.e Hydrofluorocarbons.

• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) has the highest global warming potential as compared to other gases. 
• Global Warming Potential (GWP) is used to measure the total energy that a particular gas absorbs over a particular period of time ( normally 100 years), compared to carbon dioxide. 
• Gases with a higher GWP absorb more energy, per pound, than gases with a lower GWP, and thus contribute more to warming Earth.
• The major atmospheric gases responsible for causing global warming are Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide.
• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) are less prevalent GHGs but are very powerful.

The assertion is incorrect because the Government of India Act, 1919, introduced responsible government only at the provincial level, not at the central level. The reason is correct in stating that the act introduced Dyarchy as a step towards more self-governing institutions in India, but it did not establish responsible government at the central level.

Given,
first factorise 45 = 3²5¹
[3^(x-3)] 5^(x-4) = 45 = 3² (5¹)
On comparing both sides we get,
x-3 = 2 and x-4 = 1
By solving we get
=> x = 5
Hence, option A is the correct answer.

There are 10 prime numbers between 0 and 30 which are: 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29. Number one is not a prime number.
Now, for 1, the number of positive divisors or factors is only one i.e. 1 itself.  

• The partition that was officially announced was that the Bengal province was too large to be administered by a single governor and so it would be partitioned on administrative purpose.

•  

  The real reason behind the partition was political and not administrative. East Bengal was dominated by the Muslims and West Bengal by the Hindus. Partition was yet another part of the divide and rule policy.

From the common explanation, we get O sits exactly opposite to Q.

Hence, Option B is correct.

Final Arrangement:

Common Explanation:

References:

M is sitting fourth to the right of N.

P is sitting second to the left of N.

Inferences:

From the above reference, we get the following arrangements:

References:

Q is sitting third to the right of S.

Inferences:

From the above reference, we get two different cases:

Case 1:

Case 2:

References:

S is not sitting beside P.

T is sitting second to the left of O.

O is not sitting beside M.

Inferences:

So, from this case 1 will be eliminated as S is not sitting beside P.

Thus, the final arrangement,

Let x = 2.333 (1) multiply both side with 10 = 10x = 23.333

(2) Now eq. (2) - (1) = 10x - x = 23.333 - 2.333 = 9x = 21 = x = 21/ 9 =x = 7/3

The given sentence is of present perfect tense and it is in active form.

The structures for active/passive voices are:

Active: Subject + has/have + verb (IIIrd form) + object...

Passive: Object + has/have + been + verb (IIIrd form) + by + subject...

The active voice statement is in present perfect tense, thus the passive voice statement has to be in present perfect tense itself.

Out of the available options, only option (d) satisfies this criterion and thus, is the correct response.

The correct order will be:
Since the beginning of history → the Eskimos and Red Indians (Q)→ have managed to catch (P)→ a few specimens of this aquatic animal (S)→ by a very difficult method. (R)

The word Accord (Noun) means : a formal agreement between two organisations, countries etc.
Its antonym should be disagreement 

'To abstain' is to stay away from some habit or some decision. None of the other options depict the same meaning.
Thus the correct answer is option 3.
Example- The leaders abstained from voting on the particular topic.

The correct word is 'who' which is a pronoun used to introduce a clause giving further information about a person or people previously mentioned.

Use structure “subject + auxiliary + past participle + by + object”
As per the given above sentence is given in Passive Voice.
The patient was advised by the doctor not to eat rice.
Therefore ,required answer will be option A .

As verbs the difference between cancel and repeal is that cancel is to cross out something with lines etc while repeal is to cancel, invalidate, annul.