Indian Army Nursing Assistant Mock Test - 6 - Indian Army Nursing Assistant MCQ

Photoelectric effect, phenomenon in which electrically charged particles are released from or within a material when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation. The effect is often defined as the ejection of electrons from a metal plate when light falls on it. In a broader definition, the radiant energy may be infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light, X-rays, or gamma rays; the material may be a solid, liquid, or gas; and the released particles may be ions (electrically charged atoms or molecules) as well as electrons.

We use the concept of conservation of energy and distance of closest approach in Rutherford's alpha scattering experiment to find the radius of the nucleus is proportional to the Mass Number. The consequence of this is that the density of the nucleus is a constant, independent of mass number for all nuclei.
 

Nucleus contains only neutrons and protons.

Concept:

• As per Indian standard for domestic power supply we use A.C current, which is also known as alternating current since they change its polarity at a certain interval of time.
• Now the two principal properties of the A.C electric power supply are Voltage and frequency.
• And we use 220 V and 50 Hz power supply for our common domestic use
• Where 220 V is the potential difference and 50 Hz is its frequency.

Explanation: 

The voltage and frequency of domestic power supply used in India are 220 volt and 50 Hz respectively

We can observe from the table that Yˉ=A.B⇒Y=AB
So, the table represents a NAND gate.

In chemical changes, molecules of substance rearrange to form a new substance with different property.

The fundamental unit of matter that cannot be divided further without losing its essential properties is the atom.

Number of atoms of each element are equal on both sides in the balanced equation.

Air pollution is caused by combustion of fossil fuels, chimneys of factories and burning of coal. Freezing of ice is not responsible for air pollution.

Selenium has eight allotropic forms, of which three are red monoclinic forms containing Se₈ rings. The thermodynamically most stable form is grey hexagonal metallic Selenium which consists of polymeric helical chains.

All combustion, decomposition, and combination reactions are examples of redox reactions.

Sodium carbonate is known as soda ash or washing soda Na₂CO₃ • 10H₂O. It is the sodium salt of carbonic acid. It is white hygroscopic in nature and has an alkaline taste. It is used as a water softener.

Ethene has the molecular formula C₂H₄. It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon and is commonly known as ethylene.

Carbonates are not typically used as insecticides. Insecticides include substances like arsenic, rotenone, and copper sulfate, among others.

E/m values of particle (α), electron (e) and protons (p) increase in the order α< p < e

Number of molecules of gas at STP
 molecules
Number of atoms in diatomic molecule
= 2 x 7.5 x 10²² = 15 x 10²² atoms

Valence bond theory was initially introduced by London and Heitler and was developed by Pauling and others. It’s a chemical bonding theory that explains the overlapping the atomic orbitals in order to form chemical bonds between atoms.

pH above 7 confirms the compound to be alkaline in nature so it can be either sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide as HCl and CH₃COOH are acidic in nature. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, so it has the highest pH of about 14, while sodium carbonate is a weak base to have pH 9.

The process of converting alcohols into corresponding alkyl halides is known as halogenation. It involves the replacement of the hydroxyl group (-OH) of an alcohol with a halogen atom (such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine).

KDEL sequence is retention signal or retrieval sequence for ER-retention of the protein
K = Lysine
D = Aspartic acid
E = Glutamic acid
L = Leucine

Difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs is as follows

1. Autotrophs are the organisms that prepare their own food, whereas, heterotrophs are the organisms that are dependent on other organisms for food.

2. Autotrophs have chlorophyll, whereas, heterotrophs lack chlorophyll.

Pigeons can fly up to 700 miles in a single day, but are capable of flying far further if their journeys are broken up.

Voluntary actions are those actions which are under our control. Digestion of food, beating of heart and breathing are involuntary actions as they are not under our control.

Answer:
Diseases like malaria and dengue are spread by:
- Mosquito bites: The primary mode of transmission for both malaria and dengue is through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Female Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria, while Aedes mosquitoes transmit dengue.
- Sneezing: Malaria and dengue are not spread through sneezing. These diseases are not airborne and require the specific vector (mosquito) for transmission.
- Coughing: Similarly, coughing does not transmit malaria or dengue. The diseases are not respiratory infections and do not spread through respiratory droplets.
- Direct contact: Direct contact with an infected person does not result in the transmission of malaria or dengue. These diseases require the presence of the specific mosquito vector for transmission.
In conclusion, diseases like malaria and dengue are primarily spread through mosquito bites, not through sneezing, coughing, or direct contact. It is important to take preventive measures such as using mosquito nets, wearing protective clothing, and using mosquito repellents to reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin, meaning it dissolves in water. It plays a vital role in the production of red blood cells, the maintenance of nerve cells, and the synthesis of DNA.

To solve the food problem of the country, the following measures are necessary:
1. Increased production and storage of food grains:
- Enhancing agricultural practices and technologies to improve crop yield.
- Promoting the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds and advanced farming techniques.
- Providing farmers with better access to fertilizers, irrigation facilities, and credit.
- Developing efficient storage and preservation facilities to minimize post-harvest losses.
2. Easy access of people to the food grain:
- Establishing an efficient distribution system to ensure food reaches all regions of the country.
- Improving transportation infrastructure to facilitate the movement of food from surplus to deficit areas.
- Implementing effective food supply chains to prevent hoarding and black market activities.
- Ensuring fair and affordable prices for essential food items.
3. People should have money to purchase the grains:
- Implementing policies and programs to alleviate poverty and improve income levels.
- Expanding employment opportunities and promoting skill development to enhance earning potential.
- Enforcing minimum wage laws and providing social security benefits to vulnerable sections of society.
- Introducing targeted welfare schemes, such as food subsidies or direct cash transfers, to assist the economically disadvantaged.
4. All of the above:
- Combining these measures will address different aspects of the food problem comprehensively.
- Increased production and storage alone may not be sufficient if people cannot afford to purchase the grains.
- Easy access to food grain and sufficient purchasing power are crucial to ensure food security for the entire population.
In conclusion, to solve the food problem of the country, it is necessary to focus on increasing production and storage, facilitating easy access to food grains, and ensuring people have the financial means to purchase them. Implementing all of these measures collectively will help overcome the challenges related to food security and ensure a stable and well-nourished population.

In composite fish culture, different species of fish are grown together in the same pond to utilize the available resources effectively and increase productivity. The most suitable combination for composite fish culture is option B, which includes surface feeders, middle zone feeders, and bottom feeders.
Here is a detailed explanation of why option B is the most suitable combination:
1. Surface feeders: These are fish species that feed on the surface of the water. They are usually active swimmers and consume floating or suspended feed. Including surface feeders in the combination ensures efficient utilization of the upper water column for feeding.
2. Middle zone feeders: These fish species prefer to feed in the middle water column. They consume both floating and sinking feed. Including middle zone feeders in the combination ensures better utilization of the water column and maximizes the available feeding space.
3. Bottom feeders: These fish species feed on the bottom of the pond, consuming sinking or settled feed. They play an important role in cleaning the pond by consuming organic matter and detritus. Including bottom feeders in the combination helps maintain the pond's cleanliness and nutrient recycling.
By combining surface feeders, middle zone feeders, and bottom feeders, the fish in the pond can utilize different feeding niches and effectively utilize the available resources. This leads to improved feed conversion efficiency and overall productivity in composite fish culture systems.
Therefore, option B, which includes surface feeders, middle zone feeders, and bottom feeders, is the most suitable combination for composite fish culture.

The Correct Answer is A: Arteries
Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. The aorta, which is the largest artery in the body, originates from the left ventricle of the heart and branches out into smaller arteries that supply blood to different organs and tissues. Here is a detailed explanation of why the answer is A: Arteries:
Arteries:
- Arteries are thick-walled blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
- They have a muscular and elastic wall that helps to maintain blood pressure and regulate blood flow.
- Arteries usually carry oxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
- Arteries branch out into smaller arterioles, which further divide into tiny capillaries.
Veins:
- Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from various parts of the body.
- Unlike arteries, veins have thinner walls and often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
- Veins usually carry deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary veins, which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Capillaries:
- Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body and connect arteries to veins.
- They are thin-walled and allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.
- Capillaries are found throughout the body, forming an extensive network.
All of these:
- While all three types of blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) play crucial roles in the circulatory system, the question specifically asks about the blood vessels that take blood away from the heart to different parts of the body.
- Arteries are the correct answer because they carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
- Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, and capillaries facilitate the exchange of substances between the blood and tissues.