NVS Lab Attendant Mock Test - 5 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

As President is the nominal head of a country, similarly Governer is the nominal head of a State.

From the common explanation, we get Rahul > 87, so only 90 is greater than 87.

Hence, Option C is correct.

References:

Tarun scored more marks than Priyam but less than Rahul.

Sagar neither scored 3rd highest nor scored lowest marks.

Priyam scored more marks than Anurag.

Sagar scored less than Tarun, who scored 87 marks.

Inferences:

From the above references, we get the following arrangements

Rahul > Tarun (87) > Priyam > Sagar > Anurag

The correct answer is Dyarchy in the centre.

Key Points 

• Government of India Act 1919
  • The Government of India Act 1919 came into force in 1921.
  • Dyarchy, a system of double government introduced by the Government of India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India. 
  • Dyarchy was introduced as a constitutional reform by Edwin Samuel Montagu (secretary of state for India, 1917–22) and Lord Chelmsford (viceroy of India, 1916–21).
  • It is also known as Montague-Chelmsford Reforms.
  • It relaxed the central control over the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects.
  • It further divided the provincial subjects into two parts—transferred and reserved.
  • It introduced, for the first time, bicameralism and direct elections in the country.
  • It extended the principle of communal representation by providing separate electorates for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans.
  • It granted a franchise to a limited number of people based on property, tax, or education.
  • It created a new office of the High Commissioner for India in London and transferred to him some of the functions hitherto performed by the Secretary of State for India.
  • It provided for the establishment of a public service commission. 
  • It separated, for the first time, provincial budgets from the Central budget and authorized the provincial legislatures to enact their budgets.
  • It provided for the appointment of a statutory commission to inquire into and report on its working after ten years of its coming into force.
• Government of India 1935 abolished dyarchy in the provinces (brought by the Government of India Act 1919) and introduced ‘provincial autonomy’ in its place. 

Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) is the aerospace and defence company that set up AeroSpace Services India (ASI) as its Indian subsidiary. This move signifies IAI's expansion into the Indian market, with ASI being authorized as the sole OEM's Technical Representative for the medium-range surface-to-air Missile (MRSAM) system in India.

The correct answer is Washington D. C.

Key Points

• International Monetary Fund headquarters is located at Washington D. C in the United States. It was founded in 1944.
• International Monetary Fund is an Organization of 190 countries.
• It is working to secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and economic growth and reduce poverty around the world.

Important Points

• The IMF was founded in July 1944 at the United Nations Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire, United States.
•  Kristalina Ivanova Georgieva is a Bulgarian economist serving as chair and managing director of the International Monetary Fund since 2019.

Additional Information

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak, commonly known as Lokamanya Tilak was a leader of the Indian independence movement and belonged to the extremist faction.
• He was also called the ‘Father of Indian Unrest’.
• Tilak joined Congress in 1890.
• He was opposed to moderate ways and views and had a more radical and aggressive stance against British rule.
• He was one of the first advocates of Swaraj or self-rule. He gave the slogan, “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it.”
• With his electrifying slogan, “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it”  Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak  stirred the Indian people and breathed new life into our struggle for freedom.
•  He believed that no progress was possible without self-rule.
• He was part of the extremist faction of the INC and was a proponent of boycotts and Swadeshi movements.
• He published two papers – Kesari in Marathi and Mahratta in English and was fearless in his criticism of the government in these papers.

 Additional Information

 Famous Slogans by Indian Freedom Fighters:

We can say that ,
Use structure “subject + auxiliary + past participle + by + object”
The above given sentence is given in Passive Voice :-
A perfect dam has been built by them across the river.
Therefore ,required answer will be option B .

सही उत्तर 'सेना' है।

Additional Information

• दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'अनी' का सही पर्यायवाची शब्द 'सेना' होगा।
• अनी के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द- कटक, दल, फौज, चमू, अनीकिनी।

अन्य विकल्प:

• स्वादिष्ट के पर्यायवाची - मजेदार, सुस्वादु।
• दुष्ट के पर्यायवाची - पापी, नीच, दुर्जन, अधम, खल, पामर।
• सेतु के पर्यायवाची - गर्डर, धराई, धरण।

Key Points

• एक ही अर्थ में प्रयुक्त होने वाले शब्द जो बनावट में भले ही अलग हों, पर्यायवाची या समानार्थी शब्द कहलाते हैं।

• Meaning of Quarantine: To separate someone into isolation.
• Meaning of Rescue: save (someone) from a dangerous or difficult situation
• Meaning of Detention: the action of detaining someone or the state of being detained in official custody
• Meaning of Defence: the action of defending from or resisting an attack
• Meaning of Safety: the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury

Teetotaller means a person who never drinks alcohol.

When the quantity of acids in the raining water is more than the average, then such rain is called 'Acid rain'.

We are aware that normally rainwater has a pH of 5.6.  When the pH of the rainwater drops below 5.6, it is called acid rain.

Acid rain refers to the ways in which acid from the atmosphere is deposited on the earth’s surface. Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur which are acidic in nature can be blown by wind along with solid particles in the atmosphere and finally settle down either on the ground as dry deposition or in water, fog and snow as wet deposition.

Acid rain is a byproduct of a variety of human activities that emit the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen in the atmosphere. As mentioned earlier, burning of fossil fuels (which contain sulphur and nitrogenous matter) such as coal and oil in power stations and furnaces or petrol and diesel in motor engines produce sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

SO₂ and NO₂ after oxidation and reaction with water are major contributors to acid rain because polluted air usually contains particulate matter that catalyses the oxidation.

2SO₂ (g) + O₂ (g) + 2H₂O (l) → 2H₂SO₄ (aq)

4NO₂ (g) + O₂ (g)+ 2H₂O (l) → 4HNO₃ (aq)

The bad effects of acid rain

• When acid rain falls and flows as groundwater to reach rivers, lakes etc, it affects plants and animal life in the aquatic ecosystem
• Acid rain is harmful to agriculture, trees and plants as it dissolves and washes away nutrients needed for their growth
• It causes respiratory ailments in human beings and animal
• It may also cause corrosion in many buildings bridges, monuments, fencing etc
• It causes irritation in the eyes and skin of human beings
• This rain reduces the lustre of the metals too
• Acid rain damages buildings and other structures made of stone or metal
• The Taj Mahal in India has been affected by acid rain

Lysosome is called as the suicide bag of the cell as it contain enzymes for hydrolysis of all cell components in case of injury.

Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious weed in America, Asia, Africa and Australia. This weed is known to cause many health hazards which have now reached epidemic proportions. This weed is considered to be a cause of allergic respiratory problems, contact dermatitis, mutagenicity in human and livestock. Crop production is drastically reduced owing to its allelopathy. Also aggressive dominance of this weed threatens biodiversity. 

The physical state of water at 10^°C is liquid state. Below 0^°C water is in solid state and above 100^°C water is in vapour state.

Sulfuric acid is commonly supplied at concentrations of 78, 93 or 98 percent. Sulphuric acid is sometimes referred to as the " King of chemicals " because it is produced. 

a = slope of graph =  = 2.5 m/s²
F = ma = 5 x 2.5 = 12.5 N
(c) is correct.

Fluidity is the ability of matter of not having a definite shape. Liquids such as water occupy the shape of the container in which they are kept that means they don't have a fix shape so they are called fluids. Gases are also considered fluids. 

The correct answer is Phytoremediation.

Key Points

• Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater.
• There are several different types of phytoremediation mechanisms:
  • Rhizosphere biodegradation - In this process, the plant releases natural substances through its roots, supplying nutrients to microorganisms in the soil.
  • Phyto-stabilization - In this process, chemical compounds produced by the plant immobilize contaminants, rather than degrade them.
  • Phyto-accumulation - In this process, plant roots sorb the contaminants along with other nutrients and water. 
  • Rhizofiltration - It is similar to Phyto-accumulation, but the plants used for cleanup are raised in greenhouses with their roots in water
  • Phyto-volatilization - In this process, plants take up water containing organic contaminants and release the contaminants into the air through their leaves.
  • Phyto-degradation - In this process, plants actually metabolize and destroy contaminants within plant tissues.
  • Hydraulic Control - In this process, trees indirectly remediate by controlling groundwater movement.

Additional Information

• Bioremediation is a process used to treat contaminated media, including water, soil, and subsurface material, by altering environmental conditions to stimulate the growth of microorganisms and degrade the target pollutants. 

• Tendons connect muscles to bones. Tendons (another type of tough connective tissue) on each side of a joint attach to muscles that control the movement of the joint.
• Ligaments connect bones together.

Counting Vibrations of a Tuning Fork
The number of vibrations of a tuning fork per second can provide information about the frequency of the wave. Here's a detailed explanation:
Frequency of a Wave:
- The frequency of a wave refers to the number of complete vibrations or cycles that occur in one second.
- It is typically measured in Hertz (Hz) or cycles per second.
- The frequency determines the pitch of a sound wave, with higher frequencies corresponding to higher pitches and lower frequencies corresponding to lower pitches.
Counting Vibrations:
- A tuning fork is a device that produces a specific pitch or frequency when struck.
- By counting the number of vibrations the tuning fork makes in one second, we can determine the frequency of the wave it produces.
- This can be done using various methods, such as using a stopwatch or a device specifically designed to measure frequency.
Importance of Frequency:
- The frequency of a sound wave is one of its fundamental characteristics.
- It helps us differentiate between different sounds and determine their pitch.
- By measuring the frequency of a tuning fork, we can compare it to the expected frequency and determine if it is in tune or not.
In conclusion, by counting the number of vibrations of a tuning fork per second, we can find the frequency of the wave it produces. This information is important for understanding the pitch of the sound and for tuning musical instruments.

Mixtures are one product of mechanically blending or mixing chemical substances such as elements and compounds, without chemical bonding or other chemical change, so that each ingredient substance retains its own chemical properties and makeup.
A chemical compound is a substance composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by mass. However, not all molecules are compounds. Compounds are pure substances that contain two or more elements combined in a definite fixed proportion.
Any substance that contains only one kind of an atom is known as an element. Because atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, elements such as phosphorus (P4) or sulfur (S8) cannot be broken down into simpler substances by these reactions.
When a molecule is formed from elements of a different species it is a heteroatomic molecule. As an atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element, a molecule is the smallest particle of a compound.

The lungs of mammals have a spongy and soft texture and are honeycombed with epithelium, having a much larger surface area in total than the outer surface area of the lung itself. The lungs of humans are a typical example of this type of lung.

• The chemical compound phenolphthalein has the formula C₂₀H₁₄O₄ and is commonly abbreviated as "HIn" or "phph" in shorthand notation.
• Phenolphthalein is frequently used as an indicator.
• It's a phthalein dye, which means it's a type of dye.
• Phenolphthalein in Acidic solutions turns colourless
• Phenolphthalein in basic solutions turns pink in colour. 

Explanation:

• Lime water is basic in nature. 
• Calcium hydroxide is the chemical term for lime water, which has the formula Ca(OH)₂.
• When Phenolphthalein, it turns pink as lime water is basic in nature.
• Hence, the correct answer is - Pink.

The deviation of the light or electromagnetic wave due to the variations in the air density as the function of the height when the light or the wave passes through the atmosphere is known as atmospheric refraction.

Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2

Key PointsAir Pollution 

• Air pollution is created when harmful substances, in the form of gases, liquids, or solids, enter the air.
• There are natural processes that create air pollution - such as
  • sulfur and chlorine gases from volcanic activity, smoke and ash from wildfires, dust storms (e.g. from the Sahara), and biological decay - but most pollution enters the air from human-made (anthropogenic) sources. Hence, options 1 and 2 are correct.
• Other natural sources are released during catastrophes such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires.
• Large amounts of harmful gases and smoke are released which can increase background pollution levels for years - even in areas far away from the original source.
• Ozone is one of the most common natural air pollutants.
• Most human-made air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels for transportation, electricity, and industry.
• Common pollutants produced by fossil fuel burning engines are carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulates.
• Stoves, incinerators, and open burning produce carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, as well as particulates.
• ​Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which are used as refrigerants, are examples of pollutants that only come from human activity.

Sound waves in air comprise of compressions and rarefactions. These compressions and rarefactions vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction of wave propagation, which is the fundamental prperty of a longitudinal wave. Hence, sound waves in air are longitudinal waves.

PHLOEM :- The structural elements of phloem include sieve tubes, companion cells, Phloem parenchyma and secretory cells. The sieve tube is the conducting element of the phloem. It is formed from a vertical series of elongated cells, interconnected by perforations in their walls in areas known as sieve plates.

The correct answer is soil conservation.

Key PointsMulching

• A layer of organic matter like straw covers the bare ground between plants and helps to maintain soil moisture.
• Mulching is a layer of organic material of hay and grass particles that is placed on the surface of the soil to conserve moisture in the soil. It is used to improve the soil around the plants.
• It reduces evaporation rates and conserves soil moisture. It protects the soil from erosion.
• It holds down weeds which helps to improve the soil structure and fertility.

Some soil conservation methods  

• Mulching
  • A layer of organic matter like straw covers the bare ground between plants and helps to maintain soil moisture.
• Contour barriers
  • To create barriers along contours, stones, grass, the soil is being used.
  • Trenches are made to collect water in front of the barriers.
• Rock dam
  • Rocks are stacked up to slow down water flow and also help to stop gullies and further erosion of soil.
• Terrace farming
  • On steep slopes, wide flat steps or terraces are designed so that flat surfaces are used for cultivation.
  • Thus minimizing surface run-off and soil erosion.
• Intercropping
  • Various crops can be grown in alternating rows and are planted at varying times to protect the soil from rain washing.
• Ploughing of contours
  • Ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope creates a natural obstacle for fluid to drain down the slope.
• Shelterbelts
  • In the coastal and dry areas, rows of trees are cultivated to track the passage of air and preserve the cover of the soil.