NVS Lab Attendant Mock Test - 7 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

The correct answer is 23 March.

Key Points

• On this day, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) was established in the year 1950. 
• WMO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
• The International Meteorological Organization (IMO), whose concept dates back to the Vienna International Meteorological Congress of 1873, gave birth to the organisation.
• The theme for 2022 is 'Early Warning and Early Action.

Additional Information​ 

• List of Important Days/Events in March:​ 

The correct answer is Harihara-Bukka.

Key Points

• The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 AD by Harihara and Bukka.
• He started the rule of the Sangam dynasty in Vijayanagara with the inspiration of his Guru Vidyaranya and made Hampi his capital.
• Harihar was the first ruler of this dynasty.
• The Vijayanagara Empire existed until 1649 AD.
• During this time four dynasties ruled, which are as follows
  • Sangam (1336-1485 AD)
  • Suluva (1485-1505 AD)
  • Tuluva (1505–1570 AD)
  • Aravidu (1570–1649 AD)

The correct answer is 126th.

Key Points

• India rankd at 126th position out of 136 countries in 2023.

Additional Information

• According to the report, India ranks at 126th position out of 136 countries, making it one of the least happy countries in the world.
• It even lags behind its neighboring nations like Nepal, China, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.
• Denmark is at number two, followed by Iceland at number three. The ranking uses six key factors to measure happiness — social support, income, health, freedom, generosity, and absence of corruption.
• It rates 150 nations based on:
  • Personal well-being.
  • Levels of GDP.
  • Life expectancy, and
  • Other quality of life measures.

Important Points

• Finland ranked the happiest nation globally for the sixth consecutive year, followed by Denmark and Switzerland.
• Afghanistan is named the saddest country in the world for the third year in a row.

The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) conducted the Pre-Cyclone Exercise to assess preparedness for the upcoming cyclone season, reflecting their ongoing commitment to disaster management and public safety as they celebrate their 150th year of service.

The correct answer is Bering Strait.
Key Points
A Strait is a naturally formed, narrow, typically navigable waterway that connects two larger bodies of water.

सही उत्तर विकल्प 4 ‘हंस’ होगा।

Key Points

• ‘हंस’ शब्द पुल्लिंग है।
• अन्य शब्द गाय, बकरी, प्याली ये सभी स्त्रीलिंग शब्द हैं।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर है - “देख रहा था।”

• अशुद्ध वाक्य:- मैं दो घंटे से आपकी प्रतीक्षा देख रहा था।
• शुद्ध वाक्य:- मैं दो घंटे से आपकी प्रतीक्षा कर रहा था।

Key Points

• ‘मैं दो घंटे से आपकी प्रतीक्षा देख रहा था' वाक्य में ‘देख’ शब्द वाक्य अशुद्धि का कारण है।
• अत: वाक्य में वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धता है।

Additional Information

• अशुद्ध वाक्यों में एक से अधिक विषय और एक से अधिक क्रिया होती है।
• दूसरी ओर, अशुद्ध वाक्यों में त्रुटियाँ या गलतियाँ हो सकती हैं।
• शुद्ध वाक्यों में एक ही विषय और एक क्रिया होती है।
• शुद्ध वाक्य वे हैं जो किसी भी त्रुटि या गलतियों से मुक्त हैं।

Important Points

• वर्तनी वाले शब्द का अर्थ:- भाषा के किसी शब्द को को लिखने में प्रयुक्त वर्णों के सही क्रम को वर्तनी कहते हैं।
• भाषा की समस्त ध्वनियोँ को सही तरीके से उच्चारण करने के लिए वर्तनी की एकरुपता स्थापित की जाती है।

• Sterile means barren-unable to produce any child or offspring; unproductive that means barren.
  Another meaning of it is not imaginative or creative.
• Barren means (used about land or soil) not good enough for plants to grow on
• Arid means (used about land or climate) very dry; with little or no rain
• Fertile means (used about land or soil) that plants grow well in
• Dry means without liquid in it or on it; not wet

Hence Correct Answer is Option A

‘प्रातःकाल’ शब्द में प्रातः उपसर्ग है।

• प्रातः + काल = प्रातः काल
• 'प्रातः' (सबेरा) उपसर्ग और 'काल' मूलशब्द
• अर्थ: सबेरे का समय, प्रभात।

Key Points

• उपसर्ग शब्द के शुरू में जुड़ता है।

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण उपसर्ग शब्द:-​

• प्रातः (सबेरा) - प्रातः वन्दना, प्रातः स्मरणीय।
• अधि (प्रधान/श्रेष्ठ) - अधिनियम, अधिनायक, अधिकृत, अधिकरण।
• उप (सहायक) - उपभोग, उपवन, उपमन्त्री, उपयोग, उपनाम, उपहार।
• सम् (अच्छी तरह) - सन्तोष, संगठन,संलग्न, संकल्प, संशय, संरक्षा।
• प्रति (प्रत्येक) - प्रतिदिन, प्रत्येक, प्रतिकूल, प्रतिहिंसा, प्रतिरूप, प्रतिध्वनि।
• निर् (बिना) - निराकार, निरादर, नीरोग, नीरस, निरीह, निरक्षर।
• अनु (पीछे) - अनुचर, अनुकरण, अनुकूल, अनुनाद, अनुभव।

• 'आविर्भाव’ का उपयुक्त विलोम शब्द है - 'तिरोभाव' l
  • आविर्भाव शब्द का अर्थ है - प्रकट होना l
  • तिरोभाव शब्द का अर्थ है - अदृश्य हो जाना, अदर्शन।
  • अन्य विकल्प :- प्रकटीकरण, उद्वेलन, समभाव - 'आविर्भाव' शब्द के उचित विलोम शब्द नहीं है l

Additional Information

• जो शब्द एक दूसरे के विपरीतार्थक हो, या उल्टा अर्थ बताते हैं, विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं l
  • उदाहरण :- अच्छा – बुरा अंकुश – निरंकुश अकाल – सुकाल

Waste: Waste is unusable material. Waste comes in many forms

1. Solid waste: garbage, refuse, sludge
2. Liquid waste: wastewater, oil, fats, etc.
3. Organic waste: food waste, food-soiled paper, green waste
4. Hazardous waste: toxic elements, radioactive elements, etc.
5. E-waste: mobile, laptop, electronic devices, charger, etc.
6. Recyclable waste: food waste, garden waste, paper waste, textile waste, etc.

Key-Points

Hazardous waste: Hazardous waste is waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.

Characteristics: Hazardous wastes are the materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or more of the following hazardous traits:

• Ignitability
• Corrosivity
• Reactivity
• Toxicity

From the above examples, it is clear that chemical as a toxic element is hazardous in nature.

When light enters the eye, most of the refraction takes place at the outer surface of the cornea. The crystalline lens only makes some finer adjustment.

Red colour has longer wavelength so least scattered by smoke or fog.

Sublimation is when a solid changes directly to gas without changing into liquid.
NaCl when heated does not change its state when heated , while all the other options sublime. Hence sodium chloride is the right answer.

 Splitting of white light into its constituent seven colours, while passing through a prism, is on account of dispersion of fight.

Hydrogen gas is released.

Water pollution occurs when harmful substances, chemicals or microorganisms contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment.​

Key-Points

Organic pollution may refer to the concentration of organic compounds in water including dissolved and suspended biogenic substances from aquatic and terrestrial species. 

• Run-off urban areas: 
  • Urban runoff is surface runoff of rainwater created by urbanization.
  • This runoff is a major source of flooding and water pollution in urban communities worldwide.
  • Impervious surfaces (roads, parking lots and sidewalks) are constructed during land development which results in high amount of surface runoff.
  • It is mostly inorganic in nature with gasoline, motor oil, heavy metals, trash and other pollutants from roadways and parking lots.
• Run-off from agricultural forms: 
  • Agricultural Runoff is water from farm fields due to irrigation, rain, or melted snow that flows over the earth that can absorb into the ground, enter bodies of waters or evaporate.
  • This runoff can contain organic pollutants like pesticides, sediment (soil particles), nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium from fertilizers) and metals, which can contaminate sources of water.
• Sewage effluents:
  • Sewage, or domestic/municipal wastewater, is a type of wastewater that is produced by a community of people.
  • It is characterized by physical, chemical and toxic constituents, and its bacteriologic status.
  • It consists mostly of greywater (from sinks, bathtubs, showers, dishwashers, and clothes washers), blackwater (the water used to flush toilets, combined with the human waste that it flushes away), soaps and detergents, and toilet paper (less so in regions where bidets are widely used instead of paper). 
  • Sewage effluents have the highest amount of organic pollutants along with bacterial contamination.
• Industrial effluents:
  • Industrial effluent is the wastewater produced by industrial activity.
  • It includes wastewater produced from manufacturing process or cleaning process.
  • The composition of wastewater generated mostly depends on the nature of industry.
  • It is mostly inorganic in nature.

The urinary bladder signals the urge to urinate through nervous control.

Option 2 is correct.

• Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most serious air pollutants, highly poisonous to living beings because of its ability to block the delivery of oxygen to the organs and tissues.
• It binds to haemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which is about 300 times more stable than the oxygen-haemoglobin complex.
• In blood, when the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin reaches about 3–4 per cent, the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is greatly reduced.
• This oxygen deficiency results in headache, weak eyesight, nervousness and cardiovascular disorder.

The correct answer is Biomagnification.

• Biomagnification is the concentration of a toxin at successively higher levels in a food chain. 

Key Points

• Biomagnification is the trophic enrichment of contaminants within food webs and progressive increase in chemical concentrations with increasing animal trophic status.
• Biomagnification occurs when organisms like zooplankton feed upon the contaminated phytoplankton and in turn absorb Persistent Organic Pollutants (DDT) into their own tissues at a higher concentration.
• The more contaminated phytoplankton zooplankton eats, the more will be the contamination at upper trophic levels.

The speed of sound decreases as we go from solid to gaseous state because the density of particles decreases from solid to gaseous.

Lead is a metal but it is a poor conductor of heat because it contain some particles which does not allows heat to pass through it .

Waste management (or waste disposal) includes the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.This includes the collection, transport, treatment, and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process.

As per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 in India- Waste generators would now have to now segregate waste into three streams- Biodegradables, Dry (Plastic, Paper, Metal, Wood, etc.), and Domestic Hazardous waste (diapers, napkins, mosquito repellants, cleaning agents etc.) before handing it over to the collector.

The order of waste management hierarchy, from most to least favored is:

Prevention-Reuse-Recycle-Recovery-Disposal

Prevention: Preventing and reducing waste generation.

Reuse: Giving the products a second life before they become waste.

Recycle Any recovery operation by which waste materials are reprocessed into products, materials or substances whether for the original or other purposes.

Recovery: Some waste incineration based on a political non-scientific formula that upgrades the less inefficient incinerators.

Disposal: Different processes to dispose of the waste are landfilling, incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and other finalist solutions.

Therefore, a good example of waste management is recycling non biodegradable waste.

• Centrifugation: Centrifugation is the process of separating substances of different densities using a centrifuge. In the case of separating cream from milk, centrifugation is a commonly used method.


• Process: When milk is subjected to centrifugation, the heavier components like the cream are forced to the outer edges of the centrifuge tube due to centrifugal force. This allows the cream to be separated from the milk.


• Speed and time: The speed and time of centrifugation can be adjusted to achieve better separation of cream from milk. Higher speeds and longer durations can help in obtaining a more complete separation.


• Collection: Once the centrifugation process is complete, the separated cream can be collected from the top of the tube, while the skimmed milk remains at the bottom.


• Importance: Centrifugation is a quick and efficient method for separating cream from milk without the need for complex equipment or chemicals.

• Potential energy is the stored ability to perform work.
• To actually perform work, potential energy must be transformed into other forms of energy. 
• Sun is the major source of energy for the ecosystem.
• The chemical energy of food is the main source of energy required by all living organisms.
• This energy is transmitted to different trophic levels along the food chain.

Key-Points

Energy flow in the ecosystem:

• In a food chain, the energy flow follows the 10 per cent law.
• According to this law, only 10 per cent of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the other; the rest is lost into the atmosphere.
• This is clearly explained in the following figure and is represented as an energy pyramid.
• This energy is stored in various organic products in the plants from the sun via the process of photosynthesis.
• This is then passed on to the primary consumers in the food chain when the herbivores consume (primary consumers) the plants as food.
• Then conversion of chemical energy stored in plant products into kinetic energy occurs, degradation of energy will occur through its conversion into heat.
• The energy flow is: Primary (100%) → First level/ Primary (10%) → Second-level/ Secondary (1%) → Third level / Tertiary (0.1%).
• The energy flow in the ecosystem is clearly unidirectional.

Thus, the ​correct sequence of trophic levels with increasing potential energy is Decomposers, Secondary consumers, Primary consumers, ​Producers.

Because concave  lens always produce an
Image which is always erect, diminished and virtual.
 

The correct answer is B as Ohm's law:
voltage=current x resistance=12x10=120 V

The correct option is D.
An object possesses gravitational potential energy if it is positioned at a height above (or below) the zero height. An object possesses elastic potential energy if it is at a position on an elastic medium other than the equilibrium position.