NVS Stenographer Mock Test - 5 - NVS TGT/PGT MCQ

सही उत्तर 'कारणवाचक' है।

Mistake Pointsसमुच्चयबोधक के भेद-

समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय के 2 भेद होते हैं- (i) समानाधिकरण, (ii) व्यधिकरण
व्यधिकरण के भेद

व्यधिकरण के 4 भेद होते हैं-

• (a) कारणवाचक/हेतुबोधक - क्योंकि, जोकि, इसलिए कि आदि।
• (b) उद्देश्यवाचक- कि, जो, ताकि, इसलिए कि आदि।
• (c) संकेतवाचक- जो-तो, यदि-तो, यद्यपि-तथापि, चाहे-परन्तु, कि आदि।
• (d) स्वरूपवाचक- कि, जो, अर्थात, याने, मानो आदि।

Key Points

• "वह लाचार है, क्योंकि वह अंधा है।" इस वाक्य में कारणवाचक अव्यय है।
• प्रस्तुत वाक्य में कारण बताया जा रहा है कि वह अँधा है इसलिए लाचार है।
• यहाँ 'क्योंकि' कारणवाचक अव्यय है।
• ऐसे शब्द जिसमें लिंग , वचन , पुरुष , कारक आदि के कारण कोई विकार नहीं आता अव्यय कहलाते हैं। यह सदैव अपरिवर्तित , अविकारी एवं अव्यय रहते हैं। इनका मूल रूप स्थिर रहता है , वह कभी बदलता नहीं है जैसे – इधर, किंतु, क्योंकि, जब, तक, इसलिए आदि।

Additional Information

अव्यय के चार भेद माने जाते हैं-

• क्रिया विशेषण
• संबंधबोधक
• समुच्चयबोधक
• विस्मयादिबोधक

Important Pointsअन्य विकल्प -

• संकेतवाचक - जो अव्यय संकेत या शर्त एक वाक्य में बताकर दूसरे वाक्य में उसका फल संकेतित करें, उन्हें संकेतवाचक कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण- मैं वहाँ इसलिए गया था ताकि पुस्तक ले आऊँ।
• परिणामवाचक - ऐसे अविकारी शब्द जो हमें क्रिया के क्रिया के परिमाण या उसकी मात्र, संख्या के बारे में बताते हैं वे शब्द परिमाणवाचक क्रियाविशेषण कहलाते हैं।
• जैसे: तुम्हे अधिक खाना चाहिए।
• संबंधवाचक - वे शब्द जो संज्ञा/सर्वनाम को अन्य संज्ञा/सर्वनाम के साथ संबंध का बोध कराते हैं उसे संबंधबोधक अव्यय कहते हैं।
• जैसे- किताबें टेबल पर हैं, उसके बिना मेरा काम नहीं चलता

Incentive means a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something
Some of its synonyms are inducement, motivation, motive, reason, stimulus, stimulant, spur, impetus, encouragement
He had no incentive to work after he was refused a promotion
Companies provide various incentives to attract and retain talent

'बढ़ा चढ़ाकर बात करना' वाक्यांश के लिए उचित मुहावरा “नमक मिर्च लगाना” होगा।

नमक मिर्च लगाना का वाक्य प्रयोग-

तुमने उसे क्या कहा था और उसने तो पुरे गाव मे उसे नमक मिर्च लगाकर फैला दिया।

अंधा बांटे रेवड़ी, फिर - फिर अपनों को दे लोकोक्ति का सही अर्थ वाला विकल्प न्याय रहित आदमी अपने ही लोगों को लाभ पहुंचाता है होगा।

• वाक्य प्रयोग - आज कल नेताओ का अपने प्रिय जनो को ही लाभ पहुँचाना अँधा, अंधा बांटे रेवड़ी, फिर - फिर अपनों को दे जैसा हो गया है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

सुरेश गीत गा रहा था' वाक्य में अपूर्ण भूत काल है, क्योंकि भाव पूर्ण होने का नहीं वल्कि अपूर्णता का है, अत: विकल्प 1 अपूर्ण भूत सही है | 

The correct answer is Option 4. The correct spelling is ‘embarrassment’. 

The correct option is Option 1, i.e., ‘approve’.
The word ‘ratify' means ‘to approve and sanction formally’. The word closest in meaning, from the given options is ‘approve’, which has an equivalent meaning. Hence, the correct option is Option 1.

The correct answer is Option 2, i.e., ‘spare’.
The word ‘castigate’ means ‘to subject to severe punishment.’ The word ‘spare’ has an opposite meaning of ‘to choose not to punish.’ Hence, the correct option is Option 2.

The passage says that the group of boys went out for a movie on Friday night. They were catching up after a long time. The friendship they had seemed to remain intact though. After going to the movie, the boys went for dinner too.
This sequence of events is shown only by option 3. Hence, it is the correct answer.

"News" is always used in the singular form. Hence, it requires a singular supporting verb.
Correct Sentence- No news of firing along the border has been heard of.

Derelict means to be irresponsible while performing some duty. 

The municipality was derelict in doing its duty properly
 

'बचपन' शब्द पुल्लिंग है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। अतः सही उत्तर 'बचपन' होगा।
जैसे - उसका बचपन बीत गया।
बातचीत, बनावट और बरसात ये तीनो स्त्रीलिंग के उदाहरण है।

Key Points

'अरुणिमा' शब्द में प्रत्यय है - 'इमा'

• अरुण + इमा = अरुणिमा
• 'अरुण' मूलशब्द और 'इमा' प्रत्यय।
• अर्थ: लालिमा, लाली, सुर्ख़ी।

Key Points

• प्रत्यय शब्द के अंत में जुड़ता है।

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण प्रत्यय शब्द:-

• इमा - गरिमा, लघिमा, लालिमा।
• अक - लेखक, पाठक, कारक, गायक।
• इया - छलिया, जड़िया, बढ़िया, घटिया।
• अन - पालन, सहन, नयन, चरण।
• आई - लड़ाई, सिलाई, पढ़ाई, चढ़ाई।
• इत - पठित, व्यथित, फलित, पुष्पित।

The word Verity (Noun) means : a belief or principle about life that is accepted as true; truth. Hence, the words verity and falsehood are antonymous. 

Nigeria leads the global fight against meningitis, introducing the groundbreaking Men5CV vaccine, endorsed by WHO, targeting five strains in one shot. This surpasses previous vaccines, vital as bacterial meningitis, prevalent in Africa, poses serious health risks. Africa’s “meningitis belt,” including Nigeria, faces escalating cases, with a 50% rise reported last year by WHO. Nigeria’s pioneering move sets a precedent for broader adoption worldwide, marking a significant stride in public health.

When the quantity of acids in the raining water is more than the average, then such rain is called 'Acid rain'.

We are aware that normally rainwater has a pH of 5.6.  When the pH of the rainwater drops below 5.6, it is called acid rain.

Acid rain refers to the ways in which acid from the atmosphere is deposited on the earth’s surface. Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur which are acidic in nature can be blown by the wind along with solid particles in the atmosphere and finally settle down either on the ground as dry deposition or in water, fog and snow as wet deposition.

∴ The average pH value of the acid rain is 4 to 5 and hence the average value of 4.5.

The bad effects of acid rain

• When acid rain falls and flows as groundwater to reach rivers, lakes etc, it affects plants and animal life in the aquatic ecosystem
• Acid rain is harmful to agriculture, trees and plants as it dissolves and washes away nutrients needed for their growth
• It causes respiratory ailments in human beings and animal
• It may also cause corrosion in many buildings bridges, monuments, fencing etc
• It causes irritation in the eyes and skin of human beings
• This rain reduces the lustre of the metals too
• Acid rain damages buildings and other structures made of stone or metal
• The Taj Mahal in India has been affected by acid rain

The Indian Olympic Association has appointed Raghuram Iyer as its new CEO, a seasoned professional chosen through a meticulous selection process.

The Rafah border crossing is the only land crossing between the Gaza Strip and Egypt. It is located in the northeastern corner of the Gaza Strip, near the city of Rafah.

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch scientist who is credited with being the first person to observe and describe microorganisms using a microscope. He made his microscopes, which were far more powerful than any that had been made before. Van Leeuwenhoek's discoveries revolutionized our understanding of the microscopic world and laid the foundation for the field of microbiology.

The National Human Right Commission is an independent commission, set up by the law in the year 1993:
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is an autonomous and independent body established in India to protect and promote human rights. It was set up under the Protection of Human Rights Act in the year 1993.
Key Points:
- The NHRC is mandated to inquire into complaints of human rights violations, intervene in cases pending before the courts, and promote human rights awareness.
- The commission is responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights, including civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights.
- It has the power to visit jails, detention centers, and any other place where a person is detained under law.
- The NHRC has the authority to recommend payment of compensation to the victims of human rights violations.
- It is composed of a chairperson and several members, who are appointed by the President of India.
- The NHRC plays a crucial role in ensuring the accountability of the state and its agencies in upholding human rights.
Conclusion:
The National Human Rights Commission was established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act to protect and promote human rights in India.

The maximum number of people in India work in the primary sector. The primary sector employs about 50-60% of the population. This sector also contributes to 1/4th of the total GDP.

Answer:
Background:
Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India and played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement. He gave his famous speech, "Tryst with Destiny," on the eve of India's independence.

Jawaharlal Nehru gave his famous speech, "Tryst with Destiny," on 15th August 1947, at midnight.
Explanation:
The correct answer is option C - 15 August 1947 midnight. Here's a detailed explanation:
- Jawaharlal Nehru gave his famous speech, "Tryst with Destiny," on the night of India's independence.
- The speech was delivered on 15th August 1947, when India gained independence from British rule.
- The speech marked the beginning of a new era for India and outlined the vision for the nation's future.
- Nehru emphasized the ideals of freedom, democracy, and equality for all citizens of India.
- The speech is considered one of the most significant speeches in Indian history and is often referred to as the "Tryst with Destiny" speech.
- Nehru's speech highlighted the challenges and opportunities that lay ahead for India as a newly independent nation.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C - 15 August 1947 midnight.

The correct answer is Auto Sum

Important Points

• The symbol "Ʃ" indicates the auto sum in MS Excel.
  • “Ʃ” is a Greek character called Sigma
  • Excel automatically enters a formula to sum the numbers while using the Auto sum.
  • The AutoSum button is available in the 'Home' tab on the excel ribbon.
  • It is also available in the 'Formulas' tab on the excel ribbon.

Key Points

• The Autosum Excel function can be accessed by typing ALT +  = sign in a spreadsheet, and it will automatically create a formula to sum all the numbers in a continuous range. It allows you to easily add up a series of numbers either vertically or horizontally without having to use the mouse or even the arrow keys on the keyboard.
• The Autosum Excel shortcut is very simple – just type two keys: ALT =
  • Step 1: Place the cursor below the column of numbers you want to sum (or to the left of the row of numbers you want to sum).
  • Step 2: hold down the Alt key and then press the equals = sign while still holding Alt.
  • Step 3: press Enter.

Additional Information

• The symbol ">=" indicates the 'Greater than or equal to' in MS Excel.
• The symbol "<=" indicates the 'Less than or equal to' in MS Excel.
• The symbol "<>" indicates 'Not equal to' in MS Excel.

The correct answer is ​Program Unit.

• A program unit is a sequence of one or more lines, organized as statements, comments, and directives. A subprogram is either a function or a subroutine and is either an internal, external, or module subprogram.
• A program unit is usually a sequence of statements that define the data environment and the steps necessary to perform calculations; it is terminated by an END statement.

Additional Information 

• A Fortran program consists of one or more program units.
• Alternately referred to as a processor, central processor, or microprocessor, the CPU (pronounced sea-pea-you) is the central processing unit of the computer.
• A computer's CPU handles all instructions it receives from hardware and software running on the computer. It is often referred to as the brain of the computer.
• Components of CPU:
  • ALU (arithmetic logic unit) - performs mathematical, logical, and decision operations.
  • CU (control unit) - directs all the processor's operations.
  • Storage Unit.

Correct answer is Optical Mark Reader

Key Points 

• Optical mark recognition (OMR) is an electronic method of gathering human-handled data by identifying certain markings on a document.
• Usually the optical mark recognition process is achieved with the aid of a scanner that checks the transmission or reflection of light through the paper; places having markings will reflect less light than the blank paper, resulting in less contrasting reflectivity.
• Optical mark recognition is also known as optical mark reading or, more commonly, by the brand name Scantron.

Explanation:
The round robin CPU scheduling algorithm is a time-sharing system where each process is executed for a fixed time slice called a time quantum. Once the time quantum expires, the CPU is preempted and the next process in the queue is executed. This process continues until all processes have been executed.
Now, let's analyze the statements given in the question:
A: Using very large time slice degenerates into first come first serve algorithm
- When a large time slice is used, each process is allowed to run for a longer duration before being preempted.
- This essentially means that the CPU is allocated to each process in a sequential manner, following the order in which they arrived.
- Therefore, using a large time slice in round robin scheduling effectively degenerates into the first come first serve algorithm.
B: Using extremely small time slices improves performance
- Using extremely small time slices can lead to a high overhead due to the frequent context switches between processes.
- Context switching involves saving the current state of a process and loading the state of the next process, which incurs additional time.
- This overhead can degrade the overall system performance, especially when the number of processes is large.
C: Using extremely small time slices degenerates into last in first out algorithm
- This statement is not accurate. Using extremely small time slices does not lead to a last in first out algorithm.
- In round robin scheduling, the order of execution is based on the arrival time of the processes, not the order in which they were added to the queue.
D: Using medium-sized time slices leads to shortest request time first algorithm
- This statement is also not accurate. The round robin scheduling algorithm does not prioritize processes based on their request time.
- Instead, it ensures that each process gets an equal share of the CPU's time by using a fixed time slice.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
A: Using very large time slice degenerates into first come first serve algorithm

Explanation:
The internet packet data structure consists of several components that are necessary for the successful transmission of data packets between source and destination addresses. These components include:
1. Source address: The IP address of the sender or source device.
2. Destination address: The IP address of the receiver or destination device.
3. Serial number of packets: Each packet is assigned a unique serial number to ensure proper sequencing during transmission.
4. Message bytes: The actual data or message being transmitted in the packet.
5. Control bits for error checking: These bits are used for error detection and correction during transmission.
6. Path identification bits: These bits help to identify the specific path or route that the packet should follow to reach its destination.
Based on the given options, the correct answer is option C, which includes all the mentioned components (i, ii, iii, iv, and v) in the internet packet data structure. Option D includes an additional component (vi) of path identification bits, but it is not mentioned in the provided information. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Hyperlinks cannot be:
1. Special shapes like stars and banners:
- Hyperlinks cannot be applied directly to special shapes like stars and banners.
- These shapes can be included in a webpage design, but they cannot function as clickable hyperlinks.
- To create a hyperlink, you need to use anchor tags () and specify the target URL.
2. Drawing objects like rectangles and ovals:
- Similar to special shapes, drawing objects like rectangles and ovals cannot be hyperlinks on their own.
- These objects can be used for visual design purposes, but they do not have the inherent ability to link to other web pages or resources.
- To make them clickable, you need to wrap them with anchor tags and specify the target URL.
3. Pictures:
- Pictures or images can be hyperlinks, but they are not inherently hyperlinks themselves.
- To make a picture clickable, you need to wrap it with an anchor tag and specify the target URL.
- This allows users to click on the picture and be redirected to the specified web page.
4. All can be hyperlinks:
- This statement is incorrect.
- Special shapes, drawing objects, and pictures cannot be hyperlinks on their own.
- However, by using anchor tags and combining them with these elements, they can become clickable hyperlinks.
In summary, while special shapes, drawing objects, and pictures cannot be hyperlinks by themselves, they can be made clickable when combined with anchor tags and specifying the target URLs.

The Correct Answer is Logic Bomb.

 Key Points

• A logic bomb is a piece of code inserted into an operating system or software application that implements a malicious function after a certain time limit or specific conditions are met.
• Logic bombs are often used with viruses, worms, and trojan horses to time them to do maximum damage before being noticed.

 Important Points

• A denial-of-service (DoS) attack is a type of cyber attack in which a malicious actor aims to render a computer or other device unavailable to its intended users by interrupting the device's normal functioning.
• Rootkits are a type of malware that are designed so that they can remain hidden in the computer.
• Rootkits give cybercriminals the ability to remotely control the computer.

Additional Information

• Malicious Software refers to any malicious program that causes harm to a computer system or network.
• Malicious Malware Software attacks a computer or network in the form of viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, adware or rootkits.

The correct option is (2)

Buffer

Key Points

• A memory area known as a buffer is used to store data momentarily while it is being transferred from one location to another.
• When transferring data between computer processes, a buffer is employed. The vast majority of buffers are used in the software.
• The main memory (RAM buffer)'s memory serves as a short-term storage space for data being sent between two or more devices or between an application and a device.

Additional Information

•  Its acronym is ALU or arithmetic-logic unit. It is a component of a computer processor (CPU) that performs mathematical and logical processes.
• A computer's CPU contains hardware called a control unit, or CU, which controls operations. It provides instructions on how to process commands from the program for the computer's memory, logic module, and input and output devices.