CG TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 4 (Science and Mathematics) - CG TET MCQ

Article 30(1) enjoins that "all minorities whether based on religion or language shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice".

प्रस्तुत गद्यांश में इक और इत प्रत्यय का प्रयोग ‘स्वाभाविक, आधारित’ शब्दों में हुआ है। इसलिए, स्पष्ट है कि ‘स्वाभाविक, आधारित’ उचित विकल्प हैं। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं।
स्वाभाव + इक = स्वाभाविक
आधार + इत = आधारित

डिस्लेक्सिया: पढ़ने में विकार या समस्या होने पर यह पठन अक्षमता उत्पन्न होती है जिसे डिस्लेक्सिया कहते हैं। डिस्लेक्सिया ग्रीक भाषा के दो शब्द डस और लेक्सिस से मिलकर बना है जिसका शाब्दिक अर्थ है, कथन भाषा यह अधिगम अक्षमता के सबसे सामान्य प्रकार है। सह भाषा के लिखित रूप, मौखिक रूप एवं भाषायी दक्षता को प्रभावित करता है।

'प्राचीन भारत में मनुष्य का उत्थान धर्म-कर्म में लीन रहकर ही सम्भव था।' कथन असत्य है। दिए गए गद्यांश के अनुसार प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा, ज्ञान प्राप्ति का सबसे बड़ा स्रोत माना जाता था।......शिक्षा ने ही प्राचीन संस्कृति को संरक्षण दिया और इसके प्रसार में मदद की।

पद्यांश के अनुसार:- 
कवि ने कविता के माध्यम से सत्य की खोज तथा ज्ञान की प्राप्ति को निश्चित समय व भविष्य को जानने की स्थिति को प्रदर्शित किया है। 

मादा डॉलफिन, अपने बच्चे के साथ विचरण करती हुई दिख जाती है। में रेखांकित शब्द के स्थान पर घूमते शब्द प्रयोग कर सकते हैं। अन्य अर्थ: फिरना, चलना, भ्रमण। एक ही शब्द के एक से ज्यादा अर्थ निकले उसे पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते है। 

अंग्रेजी के शिक्षण से विद्यार्थियों को आधारभूत अंतर्वैयक्तिक संप्रेषणात्मक कौशल में दक्ष बनाना चाहिए।

• BICS का मतलब- आधारभूत अंतःर्वैयक्तिक संप्रेषणात्मक कौशल ( Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) ​है।
  • यह दूसरी भाषा में संवादी प्रवाह के विकास का वर्णन करता है।

संप्रेषणीय उपागम विशुद्ध रूप से भाषाई ज्ञान के विपरीत शिक्षार्थियों के बीच 'संवादात्मक क्षमता' (भाषा को प्रभावी व्यावहारिक उपयोग में लाने की क्षमता) विकसित करने का प्रयास करता है।
संप्रेषणीय दृष्टिकोण इस विचार पर आधारित है कि किसी भाषा को सफलतापूर्वक सीखना वास्तविक अर्थ को संप्रेषित करने के माध्यम से आता है।
जब शिक्षार्थी वास्तविक संचार में शामिल होते हैं, तो भाषा अधिग्रहण के लिए उनकी प्राकृतिक रणनीतियों का उपयोग किया जाएगा, और यह उन्हें भाषा सीखने और उपयोग करने की अनुमति देगा।
संप्रेषणीय उपागम भाषा शिक्षण की एक विधि है जो शिक्षार्थियों को वास्तविक संप्रेषण में प्रभावशाली ढंग से शामिल करता है।
यह एक शिक्षार्थी-केंद्रित उपागम है जो शिक्षार्थी को प्राकृतिक वातावरण में भाषा सीखने में मदद करता है।
यह लेखन कौशल और संचार के व्याकरण संबंधी पहलुओं पर जोर देने के बजाय सीखने के लिए वास्तविक संचार के महत्व पर प्रकाश डालता है।
भाषाई क्षमता से तात्पर्य किसी व्यक्ति की लक्ष्य भाषा का ज्ञान रखने और उसी के उपयोग को समझने की क्षमता से है।
इसलिए, हम यह निष्कर्ष निकाल सकते हैं कि संप्रेषणात्मक उपगम शिक्षार्थियों में संप्रेषणात्मक दक्षता उत्पन्न करता है।
अतः विकल्प (C) सही  है।

डिस्लेक्सिया: पढ़ने में विकार या समस्या होने पर यह पठन अक्षमता उत्पन्न होती है जिसे डिस्लेक्सिया कहते हैं। डिस्लेक्सिया ग्रीक भाषा के दो शब्द डस और लेक्सिस से मिलकर बना है जिसका शाब्दिक अर्थ है, कथन भाषा यह अधिगम अक्षमता के सबसे सामान्य प्रकार है। सह भाषा के लिखित रूप, मौखिक रूप एवं भाषायी दक्षता को प्रभावित करता है।

This is the correct option. The correct rearrangement is:
(B) A farmer wanted to get rid of his old mule and buy a new one but the mule always came back from wherever the farmer left him.
(D) One day the mule fell into the well and the farmer thought - 'Why not bury it there so that I don't have to worry about getting rid of it?'
(A) The farmer called his neighbours and asked them to help him put mud into the well but the mule thought that he was calling the neighbours to help him get out of the well.
(F) When they started putting mud in the well, the mule realised his master's plan and started thinking of ways to save himself.
(E) The mule started shaking off all the mud that fell on him and kept climbing on the leap of mud as it fell into the well; soon he was on top of the mud heap and he easily got out of the well.
(C) He walked away from his cruel master and never returned.

A deductive lesson is a lesson where a general rule is explained first, and then examples are illustrated. Deductive learning is an instructor-centered approach to education. In this approach, learners are given a general rule, which they then apply to specific examples. 

'Check Word Order' would come under the Grammar heading. 
The ordering of the words in a sentence is called Word order. Every language has a standard word order. The standard word order in English is- Subject + Verb + Object. In order to write the proper sequence of words, we should know what is subject, verb, and object. It is important to know the sequence of words as it impacts the meaning. For example, "Sneha plays football" and "Football plays Sneha" both sentences are conveying two different meanings since the position of the subject and object are changed. The same thing will happen if we change the position of the verb, for instance: "plays football Sneha". 

• Word order comes under Grammar because grammar deals with the structure and functions of a language. It is the study of words, their usage in a sentence, and their change of meaning in different contexts. 
• Organization of ideas comes under the composition and speech as it deals with the ordering of ideas, incidents, events, or details in a perceptible manner in a paragraph, essay, or speech. 
• Vocabulary and general meaning is a word stock of a language whereas story length deals with the length of a story (word count).

It is the ear, not the eye, which is the true test of verse for when verse is read aloud, it sounds different from prose.

Alliteration is the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

The Direct Method emphasizes the use of the target language in the classroom and focuses on developing oral proficiency.

• In this method, the learning process starts with listening, as students are exposed to authentic spoken language in the target language.
• They then move on to speaking, practicing and producing the language through oral communication activities.
• Reading skills are introduced next, allowing students to comprehend written texts in the target language.
• Finally, writing skills are developed, enabling students to express themselves in written form.
• This sequence reflects the natural progression of language acquisition, mirroring the way children acquire their first language.
• By prioritizing listening and speaking at the early stages, the Direct Method aims to develop communicative competence and fluency before moving on to reading and writing, which involve more complex language structures and skills.

Hence , it is clear that the order of learning language skills in the Direct Method of Language Teaching is Listening, speaking, reading, writing.

'Lev Vygotsky', a Soviet psychologist, has propounded the "Socio-cultural Theory". This theory implies the idea that social interaction plays a crucial role in the development of learners' cognitive abilities. 

Given:
The HCF of 1683, 2244 and 5049 is x.
Concept used:
HCF - The greatest number which divides each of the two or more numbers
Calculation:
⇒ 1683 = 3 × 3 × 11 × 17
⇒ 2244 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 11 × 17
⇒ 5049 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 11 × 17
The HCF = (3 × 11 × 17)
⇒ 561
So,
⇒ x = 561
Now,
The sum of digits of x = (5 + 6 + 1)
⇒ 12
∴ The required sum of digits of x is 12.

Ecosystem: 

• All organisms such as plants, animals, microorganisms, and human beings as well as the physical surroundings interact with each other and maintain a balance in nature.
• All the interacting organisms in an area together with the non-living constituents of the environment form an ecosystem.

Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food, using materials from inorganic sources by using basic energy sources such as sunlight.

• Plants are the main example of autotrophs, using photosynthesis.
• Some autotrophs, such as green plants and algae, are phototrophs, they convert electromagnetic energy from sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose. So, Spinach, Tomato, Banana are also examples of autotrophs.

Mode of Nutrition:

Autotropic: The mode of nutrition in which organisms make food themselves from simple substances is called autotrophic (auto = self; trophos = nourishment) nutrition. Therefore, plants are called autotrophs. Ex- Plants, Tress, algae, etc.
Heterotrophic: Animals and most other organisms take in ready-made food prepared by the plants. They are called heterotrophs (heteros = other).

• Holozoic: Animals who take in solid food and breakdown it inside their body like animals, amoeba, etc. comes under the holozoic mode of nutrition.
• Parasitic: Parasites live inside or outside the other organism (host) and get their nutrition from the host. Ex - Ticks, Cuscuta (dodder), mosquito, etc.
• Saprophytic: In this mode of nutrition the organisms take in nutrients in solution form from dead and decaying matter is called saprotrophic nutrition. Ex- Fungi grows on pickles, leather, etc.

Hence, Carbon dioxide and water, sunlight, chlorophyll all are correct.

For 3 years, P(1 + R/100)³ = 4,818 ...(i)
For next 3 years, 4,818(1 + R/100)³ = 7,227 ...(ii)
Using value of (1 + R/100)³ from eq. (i) in eq. (ii) and solving for P, we get
P = Rs. 3,212
Rs. = 3,212

In the gas phase, sulphur dioxide is oxidised by reaction with the hydroxyl radical via an intermolecular reaction:
SO₂ + OH. → HOSO₂·
which is followed by:
HOSO_2· + O₂ → HO₂· + SO₃
In the presence of water, sulphur trioxide (SO₃) is converted rapidly into sulphuric acid:
SO₃ (g) + H₂O (l) → H₂SO₄ (aq)
Nitrogen dioxide reacts with OH to form nitric acid:
NO₂ + OH· → HNO₃

Given:
One bell rings every 6 minutes. Another bell rings every 8 minutes. The third bell rings every 9 minutes. 
Concept used:
LCM is the smallest common multiple of two or more numbers.
Calculation:
Now, the three bells will ring together after
⇒ LCM (6, 8, 9)
⇒ 23 × 32
⇒ 8 × 9
⇒ 72 minutes
∴ The three bells will ring together after 72 minutes.

The correct answer is i - d, ii - c, iii - b, iv - a

Plant Cell

• The cell wall in plant cells is made up of cellulose, a carbohydrate.
• The plant cell wall is an elaborate extracellular matrix that encloses each cell in a plant.
• It was the thick cell walls of cork, visible in a primitive microscope, that in 1663 enabled Robert Hooke to distinguish and name cells for the first time.
• The walls of neighboring plant cells, cemented together to form the intact plant, are generally thicker, stronger, and, most important of all, more rigid than the extracellular matrix produced by animal cells.

 Animal Cell

• Desmosomes are one of the stronger cell-to-cell adhesion types and are found in tissue that experience intense mechanical stress, such as cardiac muscle tissue, bladder tissue, gastrointestinal mucosa, and epithelia.
• Animal cells simply have a cell membrane, but no cell wall.

 Bacterial cell walls

• Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan also called as murein, which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by unusual peptides containing D-amino acids.

Fungal cell

• The cell wall is a characteristic structure of fungi and is composed mainly of glucans, chitin and glycoproteins.

Taking LCM of denominators 5, 8, 9, 13 and 11
LCM (5, 8, 9, 13 and 11) = 51480
2/5 × 51480 = 20592
3/8 × 51480 = 19305
4/9 × 51480 = 22880
5/13 × 51480 = 19800
6/11 × 51480 = 28080
In ascending order: 19305 < 19800 < 20592 < 22880 < 28080
∴ 4/9 will be at 4th place.

Constructivist teaching is based on the belief that the teacher facilitates a process of learning in which students are encouraged to be responsible and autonomous.

Being an acid, hydrochloric acid does not change the colour of turmeric indicator, as acids do not change the colour of turmeric indicator. Also, phenolphthalein indicator would remain colourless in acids.

The expository Approach is also known as the Transmission Approach. In this approach, the teacher is communicating maximum information to the students in a minimum of time. This approach helps the teacher to
cover the content to be taught to the students. This approach is widely used across all subjects and different levels of education by the teacher. The main proponent of this method is David P. Ausubel.
In the expository approach all the cues provided by the teacher while teaching, the deductive thinking wherein abstract content is differentiated by the teacher giving appropriate examples to the students. The teaching Learning process is totally controlled by the teacher.
Note that:

• In Discovery Approach some cues in the form of learning material are presented by the teacher to the students and using Inductive thinking, the students are expected to discover the concept or the generalization/rule. Therefore the teaching-learning process is partially controlled by the teacher and students are also involved to a great extent. 
• In an Inquiry approach, the students are given a problem or a discrepant event. The students will ask the teacher questions to collect the data and they through interaction find out a satisfactory solution to a given problem or explanation of the given discrepant event. In this approach, the teaching-learning process is totally controlled by the students.

Option (3) is not a merit of lesson planning. This is one of the merits of assessment. The formative and summative assessments help the teachers to know about the extent of knowledge gained by the student. The teacher can thus devise methods to improve her teaching methodology.

The project method attempts to allow the student to solve problems with as little teacher direction as possible. The teacher is seen more as a facilitator than being the one to deliver knowledge and information.
Students in a project method environment should be allowed to explore and experience their environment through their senses and, in a sense, direct their own learning by their individual interests. Very little is taught from textbooks and the emphasis is on experiential learning, rather than rote and memorisation. A project method classroom focuses on democracy and collaboration to solve 'purposeful' problems.

Mathematics is the study of geometrical figures, their co-relation, and their dependency on each other. It deals with quantity, measurement, and spatial relationships.

• The teaching of mathematics should be done in a pre-defined order that is psychologically organized as per the needs of the students.
• According to National Curriculum Framework-2005, the main goal of Mathematics education in school is the mathematization of the child’s thought process. 

The 'pop' sound indicates the presence of hydrogen gas, as metals react with sodium hydroxide to produce hydrogen gas.
2Al + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO₂ + H₂↑