HSSC TGT Math Mock Test - 4 - HSSC PGT/TGT MCQ

 The correct answer is Black soil.

• Black soil has the property of 'self-ploughing'.

Key Points

• Regur or Black Soil:
  • These soils are of volcanic origin.
  • These soils are black in colour and are also known as black soils.
  • Since they are ideal for growing cotton, they are also called black cotton soils, in addition to their normal nomenclature of Regur soils.
  • They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa and southern Madhya Pradesh and extend eastward in the south along the Godavari and Krishna Valleys.
  • This soil has a high water-absorbing capacity and is known as self ploughing soil.
  • Crops grown in this soil are Cotton, Jowar, Wheat, Sugarcane, Linseed, Gram, Fruit and Vegetables.

Additional Information

• Alluvial Soil:
  • It covers 40% of the land area.
  • The entire Northern Plains are made up of these soils.
  • They have been brought down and deposited by three great Himalayan rivers–Sutlej, Ganga and Brahmaputra and their tributaries.
• Laterite Soil:
  • The Laterite soils are formed due to weathering of lateritic rock in high temperatures and heavy rainfall with an alternate dry and wet period.
  • They are found along the edge of the plateau in the east covering small parts of Tamil Nadu, Orissa and a small part of Chhotanagpur in the north and Meghalaya in the northeast.

Psychology is defined as the study that observes and measures mind and behavioural activities.

There are five types of 'psychiatry domain' or psychological domain, viz. biological domain, cognitive domain, development domain, social & personality domain, and mental & physical domain. 
The study of all the five domains is done to conduct research, make assumptions and draw conclusions. 

Key Points

• The mental and physical domain is one of the domains of psychology includes abnormal psychology, health psychology and therapies. 
• This domain has described the myth people are carrying in their minds about mental disorders, mental illnesses, and imbalance.
• As mental illnesses can be diagnosed in the change of someone's mental skills or physical skills or how they perform a specific task, it helps the psychologists in treating them. 
• It not only studies mental skills but also about physical skills as the physical skills of a person also tell a lot about him. Mental processes like how we perceive a concept, how we think, analyze, or take action which has the ability to influence our physical actions or skills we learn.
• The therapies and counselling sessions are not only to treat mental disorders but it is also done to cope with the stress and to live a healthy life. 

Hence, it can be concluded that mental or physical skills are included in the psychiatry domain. 

Additional Information

• Mental skills belong to the cognitive domain of psychology.
• Physical and emotional development belongs to social and personality development that is one of the five domains of psychology.

When the soil has pH value greater than 11, it is termed as practically infertile.

Causes of high soil pH:

• Sources of alkalinity.
• Role of cations (Na and Ca)
• Influence of soluble salt levels
• Influence of carbon dioxide and carbonates.

Important Points 

1. If the pH in the case of saline soil is around 8.5, very good structure
2. And in the case of saline-sodic soil, it is from 8.5 to 10, good structure.
3. And in the case of sodic soil, it is generally greater than 10, structureless.

Note:

Why high pH soils are infertile:

The high pH caused due to the presence of sodium carbonate which is highly soluble.

This high pH causes fulvic and humic acid of organic matter to get dissolve and when the water evaporates, it gives the surface a black color.

This sodic soil creates physical disintegration and due to high sodium and low salt concentration, slaking, swelling and dispersion occurs which caused coagulation of soil particles as Vander Vaal forces dominate due to deficiency of hydrated ions. 

Complete dispersion causes soil crusting and as a result of this germination problem due to clogs that restrict soil and air movement and makes soil infertile.

Explanation:

Effect (impact) of noise pollution:

(1) Effects (side effects) of noise pollution in humans -

• Hearing loss risk.
• High blood pressure.
• Can affect the circadian rhythm (sleep cycle).
• Irritation.
• High stress. etc.

(2) Effects (side effects) of noise pollution in animals -

• Noise pollution increases mortality risk by altering prey–predator behavior (avoidance or detection).
• Can interfere with navigation.
• Risk of hearing loss.
• Unusual behavior. etc.

The correct answer is Journey.Key Points

• Pair ka khujlana is a sign of a journey.​
• If suddenly there is itching in the feet, then it creates the yoga of the person's journey.
• Or it also makes the sum of going for a walk or excursion to the favourite place.

Additional Information

• Meaning of itching in the right/Left hand
  • If a person suddenly starts itching in the right palm, then it gives you a sign of wealth.
  • But on the contrary, if there is itching in the left hand, then it is a sign of loss of money.

Option 3 is the correct answer: December and January the coldest months in the State of Haryana.

• Haryana lies in the northwestern part of India where the coldest months are December and January.
• Following are some other climatic features of North India:
  • Continental type of climate prevails in this region and therefore the summers are hotter and winters are colder here.
  • This region receives rainfall from Monsoon winds which arrive here in late June and cause rainfall till late August.
  • Presence of Himalayas in the North causes the rainfall from Monsoon in this region.
  • Himalayas play an important role in determining the climate of North India by bringing rainfall, protecting it from the cold Arctic Blizzards.
  • Major portion of rainfall is received during winter months because of Western Disturbances.
  • In this region, after monsoons, the temperatures do not fall much and there is scarce rainfall also which leads to 'October heat'.

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• State with the highest population density: Bihar
• Union Territory with Highest Population Density: Delhi
• State with the lowest population density: Arunachal Pradesh
• Union Territory with Lowest Population Density: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Highest Density District: Mumbai City
• Lowest density district: Lahaul and Spiti

Important Points

• The ratio of people to units of the land area is generally referred to as population density.
• It is calculated by dividing the total population of a country by the total area of the country.
• India's Population Density in 2011 increased to 382 per square kilometer.

The Haryana government has taken an initiative to facilitate its citizens towards a cashless economy, in the name of ‘Cashless Haryana’. The five main recognized methods of payments are Internet banking, UPI, USSID, e-wallet, and AEPS.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Areas of "No Parking" :
  • The no parking zone or places in which parking is prohibited are:
    • On footpaths or far away from the footpaths.
    • On private properties without the owner’s consent.
    • On the main road or roads with high-speed traffic.
    • On the wrong side of the road.
    • On the path that has unbroken white lines in the centre.
    • Near bus stops, schools, or hospital entrances.
    • In front of any road signs that could possibly be obstructed by your vehicle.
    • Near road crossings, a bend, top of a hill, or near/and on the bridge.
    • Near any traffic signal or pedestrian crossings.

Additional Information

• Parking sign in India:

• No parking sign in India:

Noise level in dB = 10Log₁₀ (Noise in watts)

10 dB = 10Log₁₀ (Noise in watts)

Noise in watts for 10 dB = 10¹ = 10 Watts …(1)

1dB = 10 Log₁₀ (Noise in watts)

Noise in watts for 1 dB = 10^0.1 = 1.26….(2)

P₁/P₂ = 10/1.26 = 7.94 W

The correct answer is Dalip Singh.

Key Points

• The Haryana government has appointed retired IAS Dhanpat Singh as the new state election commissioner.
• He has been appointed in place of outgoing Election Commissioner Dalip Singh.

Additional Information

• ​Chief Secretary Vijay Vardhan issued his appointment order.
• And Governor Satyadev Narayan Arya administered the oath of office and secrecy to Dhanpat Singh as State Election Commissioner.
• Dhanpat Singh has retired from the post of Financial Commissioner. He has given his services on many posts.

The correct answer is A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV.

Key Points

• Tomb of Ibrahim Lodi is in Panipat.
  • He was the sultan of Lodi dynasty.
  • Ibrahim Lodi's tomb is actually situated near the tehsil office in Panipat, close to the Dargah of Sufi saint Bu Ali Shah Qalandar.
  • It is a simple rectangular structure on a high platform approached by a flight of steps.
• Tomb of Sheikh Chilli is in Thanesar, it includes two tombs, Mughal gardens and other structures.
• Gujari Mahal is in Hisar.
• Sheesh Mahal is in Farrukhnagar.
  • It was built by Faujdar khan.
  • The Sheesh Mahal was the residential palace of Faujdar Khan, the governor appointed by Emperor Farrukh Siyar, the great-grandson of emperor Aurangzeb. The palace was built by Khan in 1733 AD.

The parents-teacher together can set the objectives to be achieved at a particular time and can help the child even outside the classroom to explore and in the creation of new knowledge.

• The parent-teacher association can together participate in the overall development of a child to make him a responsible member of his community.

Key Points

• Kids do better in school when parents are involved in their academic lives. Parent engagement is the technique when parents and teachers share a responsibility to help their children learn and meet educational goals. 
• Parent engagement in schools is defined as parents and school staff working together to support and improve the learning, development, and health of the children.
• Parent engagement happens when teachers involve parents in school meetings or events, and parents volunteer their support at home and at school. 
• It includes some games that are designed specifically to improve the child's literacy and numeracy. These games are played together by parents and children.
• Parents assist their children and try to arrange an effective learning space for them.

Hence, it can be concluded that option 2 is correct.

A curriculum is a standards-based sequence of planned experiences where students practice and achieve proficiency in content and applied learning skills. The curriculum must include the necessary goals, methods, materials, and assessments to effectively support instruction and learning.

Key Points

• The curriculum plays an important role in an educational system. It is somehow a blueprint that leads the teacher and the learner to reach the desired objectives. As a result, authorities have to design it in such a way that it could lead the teacher and the learner to meet the desired learning outcomes.

The four components of the curriculum are :

• Curriculum Aims, Goals, and Objectives - Aims, goals, and objectives can be simplified as “what is to be done”, “what instructional strategies, resources, and activities will be employed”, and “what methods and instruments will be used to assess the results of the curriculum”.
• Curriculum Content or Subject Matter - Curriculum has content. Here, it contains information to be learned in school. It is an element or a medium through which the objectives are accomplished.
• Curriculum Materials and Experience - The curriculum experience, instructional strategies, and methods are the core of the curriculum. These instructional strategies and methods will put into action the goals and use of the content in order to produce an outcome.
• Curriculum Evaluation - The curriculum evaluation is an element of an effective curriculum. It identifies the quality, effectiveness of the program, process, and product of the curriculum.

Therefore, the correct list of parts of a curriculum is objectives, content, materials, and evaluation strategies.

The National Education Policy (NEP) was approved by the Union Cabinet in July 2020 and aims to implement various improvements to the Indian educational system from the school level to the college level.

Key Points

• According to NEP 2020, Children from 3 to 18 years old will have access to a free and compulsory high-quality education.
• This implies that all children between the ages of 3 and 18 will be entitled to receive a quality education from the government, regardless of their socioeconomic status.
• Everyone has access to get-quality education for all children from the age of 3-18 years instead of 6-14 years as per the RTE 2009.

 Therefore, the Arrangement of free and compulsory education for 3-18-year-old students are the changes required to be made in RTE 2009 as per NEP 2020.

Additional Information

• Right to Education Act (RTE) provided free and compulsory education to children between the age group of 6-14 years in 2009 and enforced it as a fundamental right under Article 21-A.
• India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the Act came into force on 1 April 2010.

Mentally retarded children are those who can't understand things well, have attention deficit, hyperactivity, or totally inactive in comparison to normal children. They have limited mental abilities that delay in achieving milestones in all areas of development.

Important Points 

Tobacco and alcohol affect health as heart attack, strokes, and several cancers, and these types of diseases cause retardedness and some other types of motor impairment like blindness.

• It can also harm the eyes and skin.
• Difficulty walking, blurred vision, slurred speech, slowed reaction times, and impaired memory says Clearly, alcohol affects the brain.
• Due to a number of factors including trying to overcome physical pain, coping with stress and frustration, and lacking alternative activities, individuals with disabilities are affected by high rates of alcohol abuse and addiction.

Key Points

Mentally retarded and disabilities: -

Additional Information

The following are some disabilities that are commonly associated with mental retardation: -

• Sensory impairments are difficulty in seeing and hearing or perceiving touch. Physical and motor impairments are difficulty in moving and carrying out various tasks with motor( hand, legs, physical action) activity.
• Autism is difficulty in interaction with and forming relationships with people.
• Epilepsy, sensory disturbance, and loss of consciousness are associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
• Hyperactivity means increased movement, impulsive actions, a shorter attention span, and being easily distracted
• Mental illness mental health disorders refer to a wide range of mental health conditions, disorders that affect your mood, thinking, and behaviour. Examples of mental illness include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and addictive behaviours.

NOTE: 

• Mercury is a chemical with a harmful effect on the nervous, digestive, and immune systems, lungs, and kidneys, and is fatal to life.
• Caffeine effects as symptoms of brain alert and restlessness and anxiety and irritability and activeness for the next 6 hours.

Thus, we can say that alcohol and tobacco can cause a person mental retardation and blindness. but most appropriate and harmful is alcohol.

Science is the development of thinking in a specific way that involves scientific temper, scientific inquiry, and a sense of humanity. The science teacher must teach the concepts of science in such a way so that it could develop divergent thinking and scientific attitude among learners. The teacher while teaching should encourage the students to individually discover and explore their world by themselves to learn more in a realistic environment by real and direct experiences.

• Generally, in a class there is a student of mixed ability, teachers do not focus only on gifted students and can not plan individual instruction for them. All have to be guided, instructed and teach effectively for best learning outcomes.​

Key Points

Using hands-on activities involving concrete objects for simplification of abstract concepts is the most suitable strategy for mixed class ability. Students with a higher level of understanding will learn abstract concepts easily and students at a lower level will get to learn using concrete objects. 

• Through Hands-on activities
  • Ample opportunities have been provided to the learners to work hands-on through observation, drawing, illustration, design, and fabrication and extended learning.
  • to engage the child in exploratory and hands-on activities to acquire basic cognitive and psychomotor skills through, classification, inference, etc.  
• The activities are well within the cognitive reach of children and are in the form of stories, poems, plays, craftwork, games, worksheets, interaction, field visits encouraging the creative and aesthetic sense of children.
• The activities are learner-centered, relevant, meaningful, and interesting nurturing the curious and exploratory bent of mind of children.
• These focus on providing learning experiences in and out of the classroom.

Hence, it can be concluded that using hands-on activities involving concrete objects for simplification of abstract concepts is the most suitable strategy for mixed class ability.

According to Tagore, God reveals Himself through Nature more effectively than through man-made institutions. Hence, the education of the child should be under natural surroundings so that he develops a love for all things around him.

Aims of education as advocated by Tagore:

1) Physical development:

• Tagore believed that a healthy mind lives in a healthy body. Hence, he insisted that the first aim of education should be to develop the child physically.
• He prescribed various physical activities like swimming, diving in ponds, climbing on trees, plucking fruits and flowers, and various types of games and sports in the company of natural phenomena.
• He also prescribed a healthy and wholesome diet for children.

2) Mental development:

• According to Tagore the second aim of education should be to promote mental development.
• Tagore has written- “In comparison with book learning, knowing the real living directly is true education. It not only promotes the acquiring of some knowledge but develops the curiosity and faulty of knowledge and learning so powerfully that no classroom teaching can match it”.

3) Moral and spiritual development:

• Being idealist, Tagore emphasized that the third aim of education should be to promote the moral and spiritual development of the child.
• In his writings, he has thrown light on a number of moral and spiritual values that education should strive to inculcate in children.
• Education should teach children self-discipline, tolerance, courtesy, and inner freedom.

Important Points

4) Development of all faculties:

• Tagore’s individualism is well known.
• He firmly believed that the chief aim of education should be the drawing out of all the latent faculties of the child.
• To him, the child is more important than all kinds of books, rules, and teachers. His personal problems namely self- development, self- experience, and self- expression can only be reinforced by individual experiences.
• He believed a child should be free to enjoy complete freedom to develop his mind and soul to the full in an environment of love, regard, sympathy, and affection.
• In short, Tagore exhorted that the child should be saved from the burden of dead books and imposed discipline and allowed all initiative and self-experiencing.

5) Development of international attitude:

• According to Tagore the last aim of education should be to develop an international attitude in children.
• Tagore was individualist, yet his individualism did not cut across his socialism and even internationalism.
• To the extent, he emphasized individual development, to the same extent he advocated the development, of society and the whole human race.
• In fact, Tagore’s vision was that an individual should develop to the fullest extent, and then he should contribute his best to the promotion of international welfare.

Hence, "Child is more important than books". This viewpoint of Tagore represents his faith in the following aims of education Individual aims.

Compound Event If an event has more than one sample point it is called a compound event, for example, S = {HH, HT} is a compound event.

Let I=∫(0 to k) 1/[1 + 4x²]dx = π8
Now, ∫(0 to k) 1/[4(1/4 + x²)]dx
= 2/4[tan⁻¹ 2x]0 to k
= 1/2tan^-1 2k − 0 = π/8
1/2tan⁻¹ 2k = π8
⇒ tan⁻¹ 2k = π/4
⇒ 2k = 1
∴ k = 1/2

Length of tangent from an external point (h,k) to  S = √(S(h,k))
S(2,-3) = √[2(2)² + 2(-3)² - 1] 
=> S(2,-3) = √[8 + 18 - 1]  
=> S(2,-3) = √25
=> S(2,-3) = 5

Greatest 5-Digit number = 99999

LCM of 8 and 9,

8 = 2 × 2 × 2

9 = 3 × 3

LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 72

Now, dividing 99999 by 72, we get

Quotient = 1388

Remainder = 63

So, the greatest 5-digit number divisible by 8 and 9 = 99999 - 63 = 99936

Required number = 99936 + 5 = 99941

Three face cards from spades have been removed.
Total cards=52-3=49
Total No of black face cards=3+3(3 in each spades and clubs)
Remaining black face cards=6-3=3
Probability of getting black face card=  no. of favourable outcomes/ total no. of outcomes=3/49

(104)³ 
=(100 + 4)³ 
Use ( a +b)³ = a³ + b³ + 3ab( a + b)
then,
( 100 + 4)³ = ( 100)³ +(4)³ +3(100)(4)(100+4)
=(10²)³ + 64 + 1200(104)
=1000000 + 64 + 124800
=1124864.

Maximum and minimum value of the data 23, 45, 34, 21, 89, 45, 47, 91 are 21 and 91.
Range = 91 – 21 = 70
 

We know that in a circle of radius r units, if an arc of length l units subtends an angle theta radian at the centre, then θ = l/ r.
Here, r = 7 m (length of rope will be equal to radius) and l = 210 m (length of arc will be the length which the cow grazed)
Thus, θ = 210^o/ 7 
= 30^o

Sgn(x) = |x|/x
► for x > 0, sgn(x) = 1
► for x = 0, sgn(x) = 0
► for x < 0, sgn(x) = -1
► Now see graphically or theoretically sgn(x) is discontinuous at x = 0

Given: y = sin 3x . sin³

= 3 sin²x.sin 4x

Area of the circle = sum of area of two circles

Both of these vectors are pointing the same direction but they have different magnitude. Hence, they are collinear vectors.