Karnataka TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 (Social Science) - Karnataka TET MCQ

Evaluation is a systematic determination of a subject's merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards. Both of these are the examples of evaluation.

Article 30(1) enjoins that "all minorities whether based on religion or language shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice".

Egocentrism can be defined as the child being the center of the world and everything revolves around him.
Egocentrism in early childhood refers to the tendency of young children to think that everyone sees things in the same way as the child.

Assessment plays a significant role in the teaching-learning process. Assessment of learning helps a teacher to design his/her teaching in a better way and to know the attainment level of learners in the subject content. Assessment for learning directly influences student learning by reinforcing the connections between assessment and instruction.

बच्चों की मौखिक भाषा का सतत आकलन करने का सबसे बेहतर तरीका विभिन्न संदर्भों में बातचीत है।

• मौखिक अभिव्यक्ति से तात्पर्य मन के विचारों को स्वतंत्र रूप से बोल कर अभिव्यक्त करने से है। वक्ता द्वारा सूचनाओं का श्रोताओं तक प्रभावपूर्ण संप्रेषण मौखिक अभिव्यक्ति को सार्थक सिद्ध करता है।
• जब अपने विचारो को दुसरो के समक्ष रखने के लिए भाषा का बोलकर प्रयोग करता है तो उसे मौखिक अभिव्यक्त कहा जाता है।
• व्यक्तित्व के समायोजन के लिए मनोवैज्ञानिकों ने अभिव्यक्ति को मुख्य साधन माना है।

'एक पत्र छाँह भी माँग मत' इस पंक्ति का आशय है- किसी की पेशकश स्वीकार नहीं करना चाहिए।
पद्यांश के अनुसार-

• ​कवि का कहना है कि मनुष्य अपनी प्रकृति के अनुसार माँगने लगता है अथवा अपनी परिस्थितियों से घबराकर दूसरों की सहायता माँगने लगता है।
• इससे उसका आत्मविश्वास कम होने लगता है। इसलिए अपनी कठिनाइयों का सामना स्वयं ही करना चाहिए।
• यदि थोड़ा भी आश्रय मिल जाए तो उसकी अवहेलना न करके धन्य मानना चाहिए।

भाषा शिक्षण का संबंध केवल भाषा के सीखने-सिखाने तक ही सीमित नहीं है बल्कि उसका राष्ट्र, समाज और शिक्षा से भी गहरा संबंध है। किसी भी देश में एक, दो या उससे अधिक भाषा बोली व समझी जा सकती है। ये सभी भाषाएं राष्ट्रीय, सामाजिक और शैक्षिक स्तर पर अपना भिन्न - भिन्न महत्व रखती है और प्रत्येक संदर्भ में इसके शिक्षण के स्वरूप को प्रभावित करता  है। भाषा-शिक्षण व्यापक प्रक्रिया है, किसी एक शिक्षक का नज़रिया भाषा शिक्षण को प्रभावित नहीं करता है। भाषा शिक्षण के लिए आवश्यक:-

• भाषागत विविधता के प्रति संवेदनशीलता
• भाषा के आकलन की प्रक्रियाएँ
• किसी भाषा विशेष का साहित्य
• भाषा प्रयोग के अवसर
• भाषा समृद्ध वातावरण

पद्यांश के अनुसार:-​

• ये वर्षा के अनोखे दृश्य जिसको प्राण से प्यारे
  जो चातक की तरह ताकता है बादल घने कजरारे...
  वही हलधर अधिक आता है, कालिदास के मन में
  तू मुझको क्षमा कर देना।
• यहाँ हलधर शब्द का अर्थ किसान है। 

अंग्रेजी के शिक्षण से विद्यार्थियों को आधारभूत अंतर्वैयक्तिक संप्रेषणात्मक कौशल में दक्ष बनाना चाहिए।

• BICS का मतलब- आधारभूत अंतःर्वैयक्तिक संप्रेषणात्मक कौशल ( Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) ​है।
  • यह दूसरी भाषा में संवादी प्रवाह के विकास का वर्णन करता है।

औचित्य-अनौचित्य क्रमश: विलोम शब्द है।
‘औचित्य’ शब्द का उचित विलोम शब्द ‘अनौचित्य’ है। 

एक अच्छी बात यह रही है कि सीबीएसई ने कोरोना वायरस के कारण उत्पन्न परिस्थितियों को देखते हुए इस वर्ष 12वीं और 10वीं, दोनों कक्षाओं के टॉपरों का एलान नहीं किया है। उपरोक्त गद्यांश के इस भाग के अध्ययन से यह ज्ञात होता है कि इस वर्ष कोरोना के कारण सभी विद्यार्थी घरो में कैद है और उनके बीच एक चिंता का माहोल बना हुआ है। परिणामो में टॉपर का नाम घोषित करने से अनायास ही उनमे चिंतन का माहौल आ जाएगा तथा उनकी मनोदशा पर भी असर दिखने मिल सकता है, इन्ही कारणों को ध्यान में रखते हुए इस वर्ष केंद्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड ने परीक्षा में टॉप किये हुए विद्यार्थी के नाम की घोषणा नहीं किया।

सतत आकलन का अर्थ है बालक की अधिगम संबंधी कठिनाईयों को पहचानना, जिससे कठिनाईयों को पहचानने के बाद शिक्षक इन्हें सुधारने के लिए उचित कदम उठा सके।

It is the correct option. Rude is the antonym of 'polite'. Polite means having or showing behaviour that is respectful and considerate of other people. Rude means offensively impolite or bad-mannered.

The cognitive process among the options you provided is "thinking." Thinking refers to the mental process of generating thoughts, ideas, and concepts through perception, reasoning, and memory. It involves various cognitive activities such as problem-solving, decision-making, imagination, and planning. Playing and running, on the other hand, are physical activities, while retrograde actions do not describe a specific cognitive process.

"No, I didn't" will be the correct answer because this is the negative statement and because it is in the past, so we have used "didn't".

'Lev Vygotsky', a Soviet psychologist, has propounded the "Socio-cultural Theory". This theory implies the idea that social interaction plays a crucial role in the development of learners' cognitive ability. 
In Vygotsky's view, the above-mentioned kind of support is called 'scaffolding' as it refers to a process through which:

• required assistance is given to children according to their individual needs.
• temporary support is imparted to the children to enhance their learning skills.
• individualized support is provided to children to increase their learning boundaries.

So, it could be concluded that in Vygotsky's view, the above-mentioned kind of support is called 'scaffolding'.

• Abstract thinking is the ability to think about objects, principles, and ideas that are not physically present. It is a great way to generate new ideas and gain new insights during any problem-solving process.
• Peer tutoring refers to the learning process where fellow students teach each other. In this strategy, a higher-performing student is paired with a lower-performing student to teach specific skills.
• Generalization refers to the tendency to have conditioned responses caused by related stimuli.

Euthanasia is the act of putting to death painlessly or allowing to die, as by withholding extreme medical measures, a person or an animal suffering from an incurable, especially a painful, disease or condition.

• After the Chauri Chaura incident, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• Chauri Chaura was a town in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, where on February 5, 1922, a group of protesters participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement clashed with police, resulting in the death of three policemen. In retaliation, the protesters set fire to a police station, killing 22 policemen who were inside.
• Gandhi, who had been leading the Non-Cooperation Movement, was deeply disturbed by the violent turn of events and called off the movement, as he believed that it had lost its nonviolent character.

In education, scaffolding refers to a variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process. The term itself offers the relevant descriptive metaphor: teachers provide successive levels of temporary support that help students reach higher levels of comprehension, and skill acquisition that they would not be able to achieve without assistance.

• During the British Raj, Badruddin Tyabji (10 October 1844 – 19 August 1906) was an Indian lawyer, activist, and politician.
• The first Indian to work as a barrister in the High Court of Bombay was Tyabji.
• In 1887, he held the position of Indian National Congress' third president.
• He served as the first Muslim president of the Indian National Congress and was one of its founding members.
• In 1874, he established the Anjuman-i-Islam College in Bombay.
• Tyabji also campaigned to undermine the zenana system and for the freedom of women.

Mahalwari System

• In the North Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency (most of this area is now in Uttar Pradesh), an Englishman called Holt Mackenzie devised the new system which came into effect in 1822.
• Under his directions, collectors went from village to village, inspecting the land, measuring the fields, and recording the customs and rights of different groups.
• The estimated revenue of each plot within a village was added up to calculate the revenue that each village (mahal) had to pay. This demand was to be revised periodically, not permanently fixed.
• The charge of collecting the revenue and paying it to the Company was given to the village headman, rather than the zamindar.
• This system came to be known as the mahalwari settlement.

Ryotwari System

• In the British territories in the south there was a similar move away from the idea of Permanent Settlement.
• The new system that was devised came to be known as the ryotwar (or ryotwari).
• It was tried on a small scale by Captain Alexander Read in some of the areas that were taken over by the Company after the wars with Tipu Sultan.
• Subsequently developed by Thomas Munro, this system was gradually extended all over south India.

Permanent settlement

• ​It was introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis and covered around one fifth of British territory in India, including Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, parts of Northern Karnataka, Varanasi and some other areas.
• With the permanent settlement, the auctioning of land (Izaredar system in Bengal) came to at an end.

g = GM/R²
W' = mg' ...(1)
g = GM/R'²
D' = 2D
R' = 2R
g' = GM/4R²
Putting the value of 'g' in equation (1), we get
W' = m x (GM/4R²) = mg/4 = W/4

• Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country.
• There are two or more levels of government in a federal system.
• Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation, and administration.
• The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution.
• Levels of government in India are:
  • Union government
  • State government
  • Panchayati Raj
• Panchayati Raj is the third tier of the government.
• It comes under the feature of federalism in India.

Thus, we can say that the Panchayati Raj is the third tier of government and it comes under the feature of federalism in India.

A Social Reform refers to any attempt that seeks to correct any injustices in society. People who are involved in social reforms do so with the aim of improving the quality of life.

In the Constitution of India, the words ‘Secular', 'Socialist' and 'Integrity’ were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. It declared India as a “Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Republic, Democracy”.

Bloom concentrated on the study of the cognitive domain. The classification of objectives is known as Bloom's taxonomy of objectives or Taxonomy of educational objectives in 1956.

•  It is categorized into three categories: Cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.

According to Thomas Markham, Project based learning (PBL) integrates knowing and doing. Students learn knowledge and elements of the core curriculum, but also apply what they know to solve authentic problems and produce results that matter. PBL students take advantage of digital tools to produce high quality, collaborative products. Thomas M. Risk suggests productive projects for secondary schools.

In educational settings, questions are used to encourage recall of previous knowledge, and understanding of speech, and to promote critical thinking. Questioning should be used to achieve clearly defined objectives. When a student is trying to develop their critical thinking skills, a teacher should ask them questions that will encourage them to do so.

'Cynicism' means 'distrust'. In order to prevent distrust on democratic institutions, a teacher can emphasise the ideal functioning and principles of these institutions, and the public being informed about their rights and duties. B and C are incorrect as these concepts make a person cynic by removing his trust from democracy and democratic institutions.

Evidence of fire altars has been found at Kalibangan and Lothal, which served no other purpose than a ritualistic one. These altars suggest fire worship or worship of Murukan, the Dravidian god of fire.