PS TET Paper 2: English Language Test - 10 (Social Science) - PS TET MCQ

A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun. Noun clauses begin with words such as how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever and why. Noun clauses can act as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives or objects of a preposition. So, the correct answer will be option (2) because it starts with "How".

Methods to Learning focuses on how children learn. It refers to the skills and behaviors that children use to engage in learning. They learn to successfully navigate learning experiences that are challenging, frustrating, or simply take time to accomplish.

'Education at the primary stage is mainly language education.' The implication of this statement is that special attention should be paid to the language development of children. Proper knowledge of language is essential for primary stage students as they learn other subjects only through language. Therefore, the teacher should pay special attention to the language and its levels of development.

It is the correct option. The synonym of 'reluctant' is 'unwilling'. 'Reluctant' means 'unwilling and hesitant; disinclined'.

Linguistic Competence: It promotes linguistic competence which is attained by focusing on grammar, vocabulary, and syntax. The linguistic abilities of a learner are the abilities to efficiently and fluently read and write. it is more focused on fluency than accuracy. 

Multimedia resources can be explored as a learning resource if used judiciously.

• Learner–controlled material: It allows the learner to learn at its own pace. Active learning helps learners to comprehend the concepts in a better way.
• Interactivity: Interactivity keeps the learner active throughout the learning process and makes the learning more meaningful. It helps in better understanding and retention.
• Optimum use of resources: The multimedia resources should be used wisely at both side learner and teacher. These resources should be used for enhancing learning.
• Validated Programme: Since the IMM are validated by implementing on a large sample of learners, it assures quality and accuracy of the material. Expert validation discards the chances of errors.
• Multimedia Elements: All multimedia elements enable multi-sensory learning. It helps learners to visualize the learning experiences and makes learning concrete.
• Advanced technology: Advanced technologies allow us to provide varied and more relevant experiences. It allows game mode and simulation mode possible. Learners can themselves explore and experiment with the help of advanced technologies.

This is the correct option. The correct rearrangement is:
(B) A farmer wanted to get rid of his old mule and buy a new one but the mule always came back from wherever the farmer left him.
(D) One day the mule fell into the well and the farmer thought - 'Why not bury it there so that I don't have to worry about getting rid of it?'
(A) The farmer called his neighbours and asked them to help him put mud into the well but the mule thought that he was calling the neighbours to help him get out of the well.
(F) When they started putting mud in the well, the mule realised his master's plan and started thinking of ways to save himself.
(E) The mule started shaking off all the mud that fell on him and kept climbing on the leap of mud as it fell into the well; soon he was on top of the mud heap and he easily got out of the well.
(C) He walked away from his cruel master and never returned.

Grammar is the set of rules concerned with the use of words in the context to construct meaningful sentences. There are different kinds of grammar teaching methods in fashion which makes learning a fruitful process.

The given passage is about Artificial Intelligence.

• Let us refer to the line from the passage, "The progress in AI is also bringing steady consequences e.g. eradicating jobs by the means of work automation,  one such scenario can be seen in the Industry 4.0  framework, which is nowadays in use in the automobile industry".
• From the given passage we get to know as there is steady progress in AI, the usage of machines, software have tremendously increased in the work field. This in turn has reduced the jobs. 

So, 'By work automation' is the correct option.

In Inductive lesson, a general rule is explained first and later the examples are illustrated.

Language competency refers to the ability to use and understand a language. Language competence is best developed in the context of learning activities or tasks where the language is used for real purposes, in other words, in practical applications. 

• The language-rich environment that is available in the first language is invariably not available in the second language.
• For some learners, the exposure of the target language is limited to the classroom and the language is absent in the speech community of the learner's home or his immediate neighborhood especially peer group.
• In such an environment, opportunities for learning the language are severely limited and occur only in the formal educational setting.
• In these situations, the teacher needs to be especially sensitive to the motivation/needs of the learners for learning the language so that he/she may adopt the materials and organize the learning environment to fulfill the learner's needs.

The teaching of English must be done in a way so that reduces errors and compels students to use English in their daily life and gives them confidence and satisfaction while using the language. The main purpose of teaching a language in education is to make a child proficient in that specific language.

• Fluency in English means that the child can use the basic skills of language which are listening, speaking, reading, and writing.  
• One who can perform these basic skills properly and collectively with full accuracy and speed is said to be fluent in English.
• Fluency is related to the one specific domain in a language whereas proficiency means that a person can collectively use all the language skills together and can smoothly use them in their life.
• A person who is proficient is said to be fluent in a specific language. But it is not necessary that a person who is fluent will always be proficient in that language.
• A fluent person can use a skill smoothly at a time but a proficient person can use all the skills together at a time.       
• The teacher must create opportunities to use the language for communication among learners to develop their fluency and proficiency in English.
• This can be done by conducting several language-based activities such as discussions, drama, dialogues, conversations, debates, questionnaires, etc.

Therefore, it is concluded that when a child has acquired all the language skills then he is said to be proficient in that language.

It is the correct option. Rude is the antonym of 'polite'. Polite means having or showing behaviour that is respectful and considerate of other people. Rude means offensively impolite or bad-mannered.

The cognitive process among the options you provided is "thinking." Thinking refers to the mental process of generating thoughts, ideas, and concepts through perception, reasoning, and memory. It involves various cognitive activities such as problem-solving, decision-making, imagination, and planning. Playing and running, on the other hand, are physical activities, while retrograde actions do not describe a specific cognitive process.

Hopeless means having no expectation of good or success.
Example: We were the most hopeless group of golfers you ever saw.
Irreformable means not capable of being cured or reformed.
Example: He is an irreformable liar who long ago lost all interest in telling the truth.​
Thus, irreformable is the most similar in meaning to hopeless.

It is the ear, not the eye, which is the true test of verse for when verse is read aloud, it sounds different from prose.

Remedial teaching refers to the method of teaching that helps the teacher to provide learners with the necessary help and guidance to overcome the problems which are determined through diagnosing them. 

Silent reading is most helpful in understanding the depth of meaning. By reading silently, understanding the words in their mind, they read further. It also increases the speed of reading and increases the ability to understand.

"No, I didn't" will be the correct answer because this is the negative statement and because it is in the past, so we have used "didn't".

Remedial teaching refers to the method of teaching that helps the teacher to provide learners with the necessary help and guidance to overcome the problems which are determined through diagnosing them.

While checking the notebooks the teacher observed that a child has repeatedly made some errors in writing such as reverse images as b – d, m – w. The child is showing signs of learning disability.
Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment.
Dyslexia is the most common learning disability which results in reverse or mirror images of the alphabet. It is a learning disability that makes learners:

• unable to read and interpret letters and words.
• confuse with the same shapes and sounds of the alphabet.
• bewilder in identifying and relating speech sounds with letters and words.

Alliteration is the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

The Direct Method emphasizes the use of the target language in the classroom and focuses on developing oral proficiency.

• In this method, the learning process starts with listening, as students are exposed to authentic spoken language in the target language.
• They then move on to speaking, practicing and producing the language through oral communication activities.
• Reading skills are introduced next, allowing students to comprehend written texts in the target language.
• Finally, writing skills are developed, enabling students to express themselves in written form.
• This sequence reflects the natural progression of language acquisition, mirroring the way children acquire their first language.
• By prioritizing listening and speaking at the early stages, the Direct Method aims to develop communicative competence and fluency before moving on to reading and writing, which involve more complex language structures and skills.

Hence , it is clear that the order of learning language skills in the Direct Method of Language Teaching is Listening, speaking, reading, writing.

Communicative competence is the ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of a language to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom. 

• Communicative competence as a goal, through various Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) methodologies, allows L2 speakers the cultural and linguistic knowledge needed to handle the interactional challenges presented to them.
• The communicative/functional-notional approach lo syllabus design. materials development and classroom interaction have been the centre of much discussion and debate in recent years. The approach seeks to develop among learners 'communicative competence' (the ability to put language to effective practical use) as opposed to purely linguistic knowledge. If communication is the primary objective of all language use, then it should be the primary objective of all language learning programs as well. 

Thus, we can conclude that communicative competence is the ability to use language in different situations. 

'Imagination' is a noun. 'Imagine' is a verb and so is 'imagined'. Also, 'imaginative' and 'imaginary' are adjectives.

'Lev Vygotsky', a Soviet psychologist, has propounded the "Socio-cultural Theory". This theory implies the idea that social interaction plays a crucial role in the development of learners' cognitive abilities. 

'Lev Vygotsky', a Soviet psychologist, has propounded the "Socio-cultural Theory". This theory implies the idea that social interaction plays a crucial role in the development of learners' cognitive ability. 
In Vygotsky's view, the above-mentioned kind of support is called 'scaffolding' as it refers to a process through which:

• required assistance is given to children according to their individual needs.
• temporary support is imparted to the children to enhance their learning skills.
• individualized support is provided to children to increase their learning boundaries.

So, it could be concluded that in Vygotsky's view, the above-mentioned kind of support is called 'scaffolding'.

• Abstract thinking is the ability to think about objects, principles, and ideas that are not physically present. It is a great way to generate new ideas and gain new insights during any problem-solving process.
• Peer tutoring refers to the learning process where fellow students teach each other. In this strategy, a higher-performing student is paired with a lower-performing student to teach specific skills.
• Generalization refers to the tendency to have conditioned responses caused by related stimuli.

Euthanasia is the act of putting to death painlessly or allowing to die, as by withholding extreme medical measures, a person or an animal suffering from an incurable, especially a painful, disease or condition.

A conducive language classroom environment catering to the needs and interests of young children is an important factor for leading programs and activities in the pre-school class. A carefully planned environment can help preschoolers feel calm and secure, while at the same time, engaged and inquisitive.

The Grammar-Translation Method does not emphasize spoken English.
Teaching method: Different teaching methods are used by teachers as per the requirements of students. For choosing the one, the teacher may classify students based on their abilities (ability grouping) or he can choose it based on the compatibility of the topic.
Grammar-Translation Method: The grammar-translation method is not based on any theory of language teaching, but its roots can be traced to the way classical languages such as Latin and Greek were taught.

• The vocabulary is taught through bilingual word lists and there was a lot of stress on the memorization of words.
• In the Grammar - Translation Method, English is greatly emphasized but not spoken.
• Students are given lists of target language vocabulary words with their native language equivalents and are asked to memorize them.
• Grammatical accuracy is given great importance.
• Word to word translation in the mother tongue is considered an effective way of learning the target language.

NOTE: In Grammar - Translation Method, emphasizing spoken English is not considered an effective way of learning the target language