PS TET Paper 1: Child Development and Pedagogy Test - 8 - PS TET MCQ

Socialisation of a child can be measured by social welfare method. 

A school-based assessment is done within the school by the teachers. It makes the learning relevant and can motivate students through the diagnosis of learning gaps. It helps to know the children's strengths and weaknesses. So, the school-based assessment helps all students learn more through diagnosis.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Helps all students learn more through diagnosis.'

Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, has propounded the 'Theory of Moral Development'.

• He has made a systematic study of moral development in his theory that is categorized into 3 levels and 6 stages. 

Making the mentally retarded students learn through concrete experiences and making them apply the learned skills will surely work for mentally retarded children. Therefore, it becomes important for the teacher to plan out instructions for clear understanding of the concepts. 

The statement "Children actively construct their understanding of the world" was said by Piaget. Piaget saw the kid as constantly creating and re-creating his own model of reality, achieving mental growth by integrating simpler concepts into higher-level concepts at each stage. He argued for a “genetic epistemology,” a timetable established naturally for the event of the child’s ability to think, and he traced four stages therein development. Hence, the correct answer is, 'Piaget.'

Non-discursive communication refers to any form of communication that does not involve the use of words or language.

• Speaking involves the use of words or language to communicate, which is the opposite of non-discursive communication.
• Non-discursive communication includes forms of communication that do not involve the use of words, such as facial expressions, body language, gestures, and silence.
• It is an important aspect of human communication and can play a significant role in how we interact with others and convey meaning and emotion.

Thus, it is concluded that Speaking is NOT a form of non-discursive communication.

The three methods most commonly used by Developmental Psychologists to study children are 
i) Cross sectional studies: Comparisons are made of the behaviour or abilities of two or more different groups of children, with each group covering a different age range.
ii) Longitudinal studies:  a group of children is followed up across time, this could be a relatively short period of several months, or in some cases for decades
iii) Case Studies: one or a very small number of children are seen regularly over a period of time. The time period is variable but usually is six months or more in length. 
These all come under comparative methods.

Pressure from parents, Fear of failure, and Competition with peers affects negatively. Only meaningful association is a factor that affects positively. Meaningful associations can be an association between teacher and student, As teachers may influence their student's learning. Forming an association with any such person to whom the students get knowledge and motivation whether it is peer association, Teacher-students association, etc.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Meaningful association.'

Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, has propounded the 'Theory of Moral Development'.

• He has made a systematic study of moral development in his theory that is categorized into 3 levels and 6 stages. 

Learning disabilities may occur due to all of the following except cultural factors as they do not affect learning disability.

Homework is what children do at home on their own. As children learn to do things on their own, they do again and again that makes them perfect and understand the concepts clearly and can explain it in their own words, but the thing that children are not social with people or not interacting with others. That's why the socialization process is an important skill in the life of a learner.
Hence, the correct answer is "Homework".

Development refers to functional or non-organic changes and is usually qualitative. The development of the brain plays the most important role in human life. The brain of a child is almost completely developed by the first five years.

The Ministry of Women and Child Development makes laws and regulations to take care of the women and child development in India.

According to the theory of social learning of Albert Bandura, Modelling is a way through which behaviour is learned. Modelling is an activity where a child learns behaviour by imitating and copying the behaviour of others. When a child observes the behaviour of any person and then tries to copy or imitate that behaviour that means he is modelling the behaviour. Hence, the correct answer is, 'Modelling is a principal way for children to learn.'

Inclusion is all about effective learning by all children which is based on the social model of equality of opportunity. The practice is based on the principle of respect for difference and acceptance of diversity as part of nature and humanity. 

• In the inclusive system of education, an Individualized Educational Plan, commonly known as IEP, is developed for those students who have special needs. 
• Individualized Education Program focuses on providing appropriate education and training to every child with a disability, including those with mental retardation.
• In IEP, teachers need to understand the child’s background well by collecting information on the child’s personal details, family environment, etc.
• This will help the teacher not only to build a rapport with the child but find out his/her strengths in both academic, non-academic, and life skill areas.

The skill of individual to relate to students is very important for an individual starting his career as a teacher. This factor plays a very important role in developing a connection between the teacher and the students as a teacher is able to explain properly to students.

Defining a problem is called problem-solving. Problem-solving includes steps like identification of the problem, generation of solution or exploring possible strategies, anticipating outcomes, implementation, etc. But it doesn't include breaking down the problem into smaller parts in the process of problem-solving.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Breaking down the problem into smaller parts.'

Visual impairment is a term used to describe any kind of vision loss, whether it's someone who cannot see or someone who has partial vision loss.

Teachers who work under school-based assessment feel a sense of ownership for the system.

The 'insight theory of learning' was proposed by Wolfgang Kohler. During the time when he was studying the behaviour of apes, he has designed some simple experiments that lead to the development of the cognitive theories of learning which he referred to as insight learning.
Insight learning is the form of cognitive learning in which animals are used by Kohler to get the results. It occurs in human learning when people recognize relationships that can help them in solving problems.
Hence, the correct answer is, ''Gestalt theorists.'

Teaching is objective-centered. The needs of the learners are an important factor in managing a classroom. Teaching results when the teacher does any activity with the intention that his/her learners would learn something as a result of it.

An effective teacher is one who is able to pay equal attention to every student in class. This way she is able to sort out the individual differences between them, and can use her observations to prepare her lesson plans in the long run.

According to the theory of social learning of Albert Bandura, Modelling is a way through which behaviour is learned. Modelling is an activity where a child learns behaviour by imitating and copying the behaviour of others. When a child observes the behaviour of any person and then tries to copy or imitate that behaviour that means he is modelling the behaviour.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Modelling is a principal way for children to learn.'

Visual acuity or VA is tested and measured by asking the patient to identify images or read letters on a chart. Black letters or symbols against white on a chart represent extreme contrast. This helps the vision technician to measure a patient’s acuity of vision. 

Classroom management is the responsibility of the class teacher as she is the one who manages children, she knows how to handle children, she knows how to control emotions, how to teach them, what is right or wrong for the children.
Hence, the correct answer is "Class-teacher".

The question paper is for students so that teachers will get to know how much students have learned. Content coverage will assure the teacher that that question paper covers the complete chapter or not.
Hence, the correct answer is "Content coverage".

Emotions involve feelings of pleasantness and unpleasantness. It can be expressed in various ways, like facial expressions on the face, gestures, like volume and tone of speech, by the behavioral display or motives of a person.

The psychologist Robert Sternberg propounded the 'successful intelligence' theory. Intrapersonal intelligence is associated with the ability to understand one's feelings and thoughts.

Cognitive Development is the construction of thought processes that include problem-solving, decision-making, remembering, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. It is supported by when a child is being provided a rich and varied environment. In a rich environment, a child gets nourished and develops skills.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Providing rich and varied environment.'

Teachers are the most important resources in educational settings. They are the key figures for any changes required in the educational field. Their patience and perseverance significantly impact a student's success in the classroom.