OTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 4 (Social Science) - OTET MCQ

Disadvantaged Learner-

• The socially disadvantaged child is one who is from a socially and economically backward section of the community, who cannot profit from school because of deprivation of one sort or another. Such children show cumulative academic deficits, high dropout rate, and progressive decline in intellectual functioning. 

Deprived Learner-

• The term 'underprivileged' refers to the disadvantaged section of people who are economically, socially, and vocationally in an unfavorable situation compared to the rest of the population of society. Thus it is a relative term. They are underprivileged in relation to the middle-class or upper-class people of their society. 

Learning is a process by which the individual acquires various habits, knowledge, and attitude that are necessary to meet the demands of life in general. There are different factors that affect learning.
These include learner-centered factors like motivation, needs, self-concept, interests, goals, level of aspiration, etc., teacher and task-related factors such as teaching style, classroom ethos, transactional skills, and methodology, etc., and environmental factors such as the physical and psychological structures in which learning occurs.
Ashok is very fond of playing cricket and he is very good at it too. He is the captain of his college team. He spends long hours playing or watching cricket and never gets tired or bored. Motivation and personal factors is affecting learning in this example.

• Ashok is intrinsically motivated i.e. he derives internal satisfaction from the game. Intrinsic motivation is closely related to one's need for self-fulfillment, and achievement.
• These needs impel us to become better by learning more, interacting with our environment, and developing ourselves.
• Learning is most effective when there is intrinsic motivation - a desire to learn from within, which finds satisfaction in the achievement itself and does not bother about other factors.

Thus, it is concluded motivation is the personal factor that affects learning in the given an example.
Maturation: A one-year-old cannot be made to write and a three months old child cannot walk. Unless the learner has 'matured' optimally, he cannot learn. In order for learning to take place, physical, intellectual, and socio-emotional maturation is essential. Also, individual variations in the process of maturation should be acknowledged and appropriately dealt with.
Self-concept: Self-concept is very important in matters of learning because it influences individual differences in learners, in their, learning orientations, cognitive styles, and the self-learning strategies which they use.
Level of aspiration: This refers to the extent to which an individual wish to strive to achieve. It emanates from the targets, goals, and ambitions that individuals construct for themselves.

When a child gets bored while doing a task, it is a sign that the task may have become mechanically repetitive.
These activities have the following characteristics to avoid boredom in the classroom:

• It allows vigorous physical activity as children are energetic. Keeping this in mind, plan play activities involving running, jumping, climbing, catching and throwing.
• During the day there should be some indoor and some outdoor play activities. Outdoor play is generally vigorous and indoor activities are usually quieter.
• There must be a balance between structured activities initiated by you and free play initiated by the children. For example, taking the children out on a trip or organizing activities around a particular theme are structured activities. 
• During the day you must organize both group and individual activities. The group activities will foster a spirit of cooperation and social skills, while the individual activities will give the child a chance to be alone and do something on her own, hence children are intelligent enough to do things by their own, and are capable of learning. 
• The schedule of activities should be at a reasonable pace throughout the day. This means that you should allow enough time to children. But it should not be too slow that children begin to repeat it after completing it, else it will make children bored.

If teacher will ask the students to do right things, then only the students will achieve the right result which is most important.

In a diverse classroom, a teacher's responsibility is to provide varieties of learning experiences. In a child-centered approach, a child learns better from experiences. So, providing varieties of learning experiences will result in active learning in which students take initiative to learn new things.

Part of the importance of emotion in education is that it is tied to cognition. Demetriou and Wilson (2008) tell us that "emotional development is inextricably intertwined with our acquisition of knowledge".

'Socialisation' is a process by which children and adults learn from society that includes family, peers as well as school.

The sociocultural context refers to a person's social and cultural milieu in which he lives at a certain time period.

• Socio-cultural context includes race, class, ability, different learning conditions and styles, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, nationality and other dimensions that make up the identity of the individual student and impact his or her learning experience.
• Social institutions and systems develop through history, culture, and heritage. The caste system, the joint family system, child marriage, sati, and the patriarchal family are all examples of social institutions and systems.

By individual differences, we mean physical and behavioural variations, seen in all species including human beings. Some of us are tall, some short, some bright and some are dull.  Some of the instructional strategies are discussed below-

• The methods of teaching should be in keeping with the needs of the individuals.
• The curriculum should be organized and made flexible as per the needs and requirements of the individual.
• Instruction should aim at the development of the student's cognitive process beyond the attainment of information alone. 
• In a heterogeneous classroom situation, you can organize instruction based on ability grouping where students are grouped according to the level of their ability, and instruction is modified as stated above to suit the level of their ability.
• The methods of teaching should be in keeping with the needs of the individuals.

• The word "monotonous"  refers to something that is dull, repetitive, or lacking in variety and interest.
  Example - A long drive on a straight, flat highway can be monotonous.
• The word "Tedious" means too long, slow or tiresome.
  Example  - Manually copying a long list of names and addresses can be a tedious task.

Based on the given points, it is clear that monotonous and tedious 
Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

• The word "democratized" in the given context is used as a verb.
• In English grammar, a verb is a word that represents an action, an occurrence, or a state of being.
• In the phrase "technology has democratized information," "democratized" is the action performed by "technology."
• The action is to make (in this case, information) accessible to everyone, which is the meaning of "democratize."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2

The given passage is about "SpaceX Starlink satellite".

• The given word 'Response' means something constituting a reply or a reaction.
• In option D, the word '​Reply' means to say something in response to something someone has said.

So, '​Reply' is the correct synonym for the word.

To 'stand up tall' is being fearless. The writer tells her daughter to 'stand tall' and 'feel no fear'.

• Let's take a look at the meaning of the marked option: 
• Notices means 'to see or become conscious of something or someone'.
  • Ex: I noticed a crack in the ceiling.
• Pays heed to means 'to pay attention to'.
• It's clear that 'notices' is closed in meaning to 'pays heed to'.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3).

Howard Gardener is a psychologist who believed that Intelligence is not based on a single ability.
He gave a theory based on multiple intelligence.

"Although he noted down the date, he forgot to attend the meeting" is the sentence that contains an adverb clause of concession. An adverb clause of concession begins with a subordinating conjunction (such as after, if, because and although). Moreover, here we are talking about the past, so 'noted' is used here.

The given passage is about Artificial Intelligence.

• The given word malicious means having or showing a desire to cause harm to someone.
• In option (B), Spiteful means showing or caused by malice.

So, '​Spiteful' is the most appropriate synonym.

Language learning is the process of learning to speak and understand a foreign language. It helps children to acquire practical commands of language. It is a result of deliberate and conscious effort for a better understanding of foundational skills of language learning.

• There are several activities that can be done in the classroom by the teacher to develop the language skills of the students and one of them is the gap-filling activity.

This is the correct option because an analytical approach is the use of an appropriate process to break a problem down into the smaller pieces necessary to solve it. Each piece becomes a smaller and easier problem to solve.

James Mill:

• In his massive three-volume work, A History of British India, James Mill divides Indian history into three periods – Hindu, Muslim and British. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• This periodization has its own problem. It is difficult to refer to any period of history as ‘Hindu’ or ‘Muslim’ because a variety of faiths existed simultaneously in these periods. 
• The British thought surveys were important for effective administration. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• According to his prejudiced version of Indian history, the British rule represents all the forces of progress and civilization, while the period before British rule represents darkness, ignorance, despotism, religious intolerance, caste taboos, superstitious practices, etc. Hence statement 4 is correct.
• However, the periodization of Indian History on the basis of religion is problematic for several reasons.
• A variety of faiths, apart from Hinduism and Islam, existed in the periods categorized as Hindu and Muslim by Mill.
• Also, it is not right to classify an age according to the religion of the rulers of the time.
• To do so would suggest that the lives and the practices of the others do not really matter.
• Another point to keep in mind is that all rulers in ancient India did not share the same faith. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• The first English factory was set up on the banks of the river Hugli in 1651.
• By 1696 it began building a fort around the settlement near the factory.
• The East India company persuaded the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb to issue a farman granting the Company the right to trade duty free.
• A farman was a royal edict or an order issued by the Emperor.
• Aurangzeb’s farman had granted only the Company the right to trade duty free.
• The officials of the Company, who were carrying on private trade on the side, were expected to pay duty.
• However, they did private trades without paying taxes, causing an enormous loss of revenue for Bengal.
• This behaviour led to a protest by the Nawab of Bengal, Murshid Quli Khan.

Thus, we can conclude that the following statement is correct:
The farman issued by Aurangzeb granted the East India company the right to trade duty free.

When we believe that people belonging to particular groups based on religion, wealth, language is bound to have certain fixed characteristics or can only do a certain type of work, we create a stereotype.

• For example, in this chapter, we saw how boys and girls are made to take certain subjects not because he or she has an aptitude for it, but because they are either boys or girls.
• Stereotypes prevent us from looking at people as unique individuals.

In the first case:
Valency of X = +3
Valency of S = -2
Therefore, in this case, the formula for the sulphide of the element X = X₂S₃
In the second case:
Valency of X = +5
Valency of S = -2
Therefore, in this case, the formula for the sulphide of the element X = X₂S₅

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was the founder of  'Khudai Khitmadgar Andolan'.

• The Khudai Khidmatgar Andolan was a non-violent movement against British occupation of the Indian subcontinent led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a Pashtun freedom fighter, in the North-West Frontier Province.
• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the foremost 20th-century leader of the Pashtuns (a Muslim ethnic group of Pakistan and Afghanistan) was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and was called the “Frontier Gandhi”.
• Soon after attending an Indian National Congress (Congress Party) gathering in 1929, Ghaffar Khan founded the Red Shirt movement (Khudai Khitmatgar) among the Pashtuns.
• Over time, the movement turned political, leading to the British taking notice of its growing prominence in the region.
• Following the arrest of Khan and other leaders in 1929, the movement formally joined the Indian National Congress after they failed to receive support from the All-India Muslim League.
• Members of the Khudai Khidmatgar were organised and the men stood out because of the bright red shirts they wore as uniforms, while the women wore black garments.
• The Khudai Khidtmatgar opposed Partition, a stance that many interpreted as the movement not being in favour of the creation of the independent nation of Pakistan.

Hence, we can conclude that Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was the founder of  'Khudai Khitmadgar Andolan'

The government comprises three branches: The executive, The legislative, and The judiciary. 

A rubric is a scoring guide or a set of criteria used to evaluate student performance on an assignment or task.

Indigo Commission set up by the British Government recommended a decrease in the revenue for the Indigo farmers. The Indigo Commission was set up to enquire into the system of Indigo production.

In commercial farming, crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in market. The area cultivated and the amount of capital used is large. Most of the work is done by machines.

A tsunami is a large tidal wave caused by the movements of the ocean floor.

• A tsunami is caused by the movement of the ocean floor like an earthquake, landslides, and volcanic eruptions.
• In the Indian Ocean, a Tsunami was struck on 26 December 2004.
• It was a result of an earthquake whose magnitude was 9.0 marking the epicenter in Sumatra.
• The tsunami traveled at the speed of 800 km per hour.
• It submerged most of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
• It displaced the ocean floor to 10-20m.
• The tsunami caused major destruction in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands and some of the Indian states like Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh.

Thus, we can conclude that on 26 December 2004, a tsunami struck the Indian Ocean.