DSE Odisha TGT Science CBZ Mock Test - 6 - OTET MCQ

The Dedicated Freight Corridor project aims to develop dedicated corridors exclusively for freight transportation, reducing congestion on existing rail routes and improving the efficiency of freight movement.

Gauss is the great mathematician who is credited with discovering the total value of the first 100 natural numbers.

Given, 3, 8, 13, 18, … is the AP.
a = 3
d = a(2) – a(1) = 8 − 3 = 5
Let a(n) term be 78.
a(n) = a + (n − 1) x d
78 = 3 + (n − 1) x 5
75 = (n − 1) x 5
(n − 1) = 15
n = 16

Given number: 7 8 3 4 3 2 9 5 1 3

After interchanging the digits,
New number: 8 7 4 3 2 3 5 9 3 1

6th digit from right end

Motor development is a physiological process in which motor activities are learned by children and taken into practice leads to permanent behaviour change. It is divided into two skills: gross motor development, that is, development of large muscle and fine motor development, that is, development of short muscle. This is how motor development controls body movements.
Hence, the correct answer is "Development of control over body movements".

John Dewey, an American philosopher proposed the concept of 'Progressive Education' which emphasizes that learning takes place only through a 'hands-on' approach so the students must interact with their environment to adapt and learn.

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development focuses on linguistic, social and cultural development in his theories but does not focus on biological development. It is because of social interactions or imaginative plays, cognitive development takes place in the children. He believes that socialization starts with the schools and communities that engage children in discovering and exploring new things. Hence, the correct answer is, 'Biological.'

The initial comprehensive attempt to create teaching methods on scientific principles was made by Comenius. John Amos Comenius was a Czech philosopher, pedagogue and theologian who is considered the father of modern education. Comenius introduced a number of educational concepts and innovations, teaching based, in gradual development from simple to more comprehensive concepts.

Theory of Multiple Intelligence which describes eight different kinds of intelligence is propounded by an American cognitive psychologist 'Howard Gardner'.

NEP 2020 encourages private investment in school infrastructure development to improve facilities and resources.

The teacher's role is to empower every student irrespective of their diversity is important. Diversity among learners could be with reference to their learning abilities, socio-economic backgrounds, cultural variations or even emotional behavioural characteristics.

Key Points

• The system of education calls for providing equal opportunity to every child for optimal development. “Inclusive Education” has emerged as a guiding principle to envisage this vision.
• Inclusive Education is an approach to educating all children who are at risk for neglect in the education system. It expects that all learners learn together through access to common educational provisions.
• In our democratic country, equality of opportunity is guaranteed to the citizens. In spite of this constitutional right bestowed upon us, informal discrimination is commonly observed in our society. Restrictions are imposed upon individuals based on their deviation in social, economical, cultural, physical, intellectual and behavioural attributes. 
• Inclusive education helps the development of children in different ways. Students with specific challenges make gains in physical, cognitive and social development and motor skills. They do well when the general environment is adjusted to meet their needs.
• The practice can help overcome discrimination which is widespread in every sphere of society.
• Inclusive education can help break the cycle of poverty and exclusion.
• This practice can help to develop a learning and effective environment with the physical facilities and the support of trained teachers.

Hence, it can be concluded that "Educational policies" is not the barriers to Inclusive Education.

Education Policy lays particular emphasis on the development of the creative potential of each individual. It is based on the principle that education must develop not only cognitive capacities - both the ‘foundational capacities ’of literacy and numeracy and ‘higher-order’ cognitive capacities, such as critical thinking and problem solving – but also social, ethical, and emotional capacities and dispositions.

National Education Policy 2020-

According to NEP 2020, A good educational institution is one in which every student feels welcomed and cared for, where a safe and stimulating learning environment exists, where a wide range of learning experiences are offered, and where good physical infrastructure and appropriate resources conducive to learning are available to all students.

Key PointsSome important fundamental principles of the NEP 2020 are- 

• Full equity and inclusion as the cornerstone of all educational decisions to ensure that all students are able to thrive in the education system.
• It includes the overall development of the leader, it covers all three aspects as Cognitive domain, affective domain, and psychomotor domain.
• Promoting self-assessment and the peer assessment done by the student in the classroom.
• Focus on regular formative assessment for learning rather than the summative assessment that encourages today’s ‘coaching culture. It promotes 360- degree multidimensional progress report cards on the basis of different methods of assessments.
• Respect for diversity and respect for the local context in all curriculum, pedagogy, and policy, always keeping in mind that education is a concurrent subject.
• Emphasis on conceptual understanding rather than rote learning and learning-for-exams.
• Creativity and critical thinking encourage logical decision-making and innovation.
• Establishment of the linkage of the concepts with the environment or we can say that the linkage of the school with the home.
• Promoting multilingualism and the power of language in teaching and learning.
• It emphasizes group work as well as individual work, NEP 2020 links the study to the curriculum.

So that we can conclude that 360- degree multidimensional progress report cards follow National Education Policy 2020 proposes in the content of the assessment.

Phonological awareness is recognized as a skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language parts like onsets, words, syllables. It is the ability to reflect and manipulate the sound structure. It focuses on manipulating individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words. For eg- a teacher asks the child to break the word MAT into individual sounds M-A-T.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Reflect and manipulate the sound structure.'

Chlorophyll is a specialised light absorbing pigment which is found in the inner wall of granum. Each granum is a flat, sac-like structure in which light reaction of photosynthesis takes place.

Chloroplasts are photosynthesizing organelles, at which photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures, transforms and stores the energy from sunlight in the energy storage molecules NADPH and ATP while liberating oxygen from water in algal and plant cells. In a process referred to as the Calvin cycle, they use the ATP and NADPH to produce organic compounds from carbon dioxide.

Now, let us find the solution from the options-
- In the thylakoid membranes of the organelle, the chloroplast is a plastid containing chlorophyll (green pigment).
- Thylakoid can be described within the chloroplasts of a plant cell as a membrane-bound compartment.
-It is the area of photosynthesis light-dependent reactions.
- Thylakoid comprises a membrane of thylakoid containing thylakoid lumen.
-A load of thylakoid or lamella discs is known as grana.

Thus, the correct answer is option (A) Grana.

Note: At least 3 membrane systems are available for all chloroplasts: the outer chloroplast membrane, the thylakoid system, and the inner chloroplast membrane. There may be extra membranes encircling these three chloroplasts which are the product of secondary endosymbiosis.

The incorrect pair in your given list is: C: Chemotaxonomy - Chromosome number and structure

Here's the detail explanation:

• Chemotaxonomy is a branch of taxonomy that uses the chemical constitution of a plant or animal in order to identify and classify it. It doesn't deal with chromosome number and structure. Chemotaxonomy involves the study of the chemical substances produced by plants, which often includes secondary metabolites that may not be directly involved in growth, development or reproduction. 
• On the other hand, the study of chromosome number and structure falls under Cytotaxonomy. Cytotaxonomy is the branch of taxonomy that uses the characteristics of the structure, number and behavior of chromosomes to classify organisms.

The pairing of Chemotaxonomy and chromosome number and structure is therefore incorrect, because these two concepts are associated with different branches of taxonomy.

Adaptation is essential for survival of organism. The greatest extent of adaption in various environmental conditions is found in Angiosperms. Angiosperms are found in all kind of environment and altitudes.

The structure of the cell membrane was studied in detail in the 1950s after the advent of the electron microscope. The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer containing various proteins in its structure.

In some seeds, remains of nucellus persist. This residual nucellus which persists in the seed is called perisperm, e.g., black pepper, coffee, castor, cardamum, Nymphaea.

• Maltose is a disaccharide made up of two units each of glucose.
• The two units of glucose are joined together covalently by an O-glycosidic bond which is formed when a hydroxyl group on one sugar reacts with the anomeric carbon on another.

In yeast, during fermentation, the same pathway leads to the production of ethanol(alcohol).

Some important rules of binomial nomenclature are given as following:
(i) Biological names are either derived from Latin language or are Latinised.
(ii) The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second word represents the species.
(iii) Both the words, in a biological name, when handwritten, are separately underlined, or printed in italics to indicate their Latin origin.
(iv) The generic epithet starts with a capital letter while, the specific epithet starts with a small letter. It can be illustrated with the example of Homo sapiens, Pisum sativum, Panthera tigris, Mangifera indica, etc.
(v) Name of the author appears after the specific epithet i.e., at the end of the biological name and is written in an abbreviated form, e.g., Mangifera indica line. It indicates that this species was first described by Linnaeus.

A complete virus particle, known as a virion, consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a protective coat of protein called a capsid.

Anabaena is a free living nitrogen fixing BGA. But with azolla pteridophyta, it can be a symbiotic nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, mainly used as bio fertilizer in paddy fields.

The correct option is A Epicotyl
Plumule- Shoot tip.

Radicle - Embryonic root.

A. Epicotyl- The portion of axis between the plumule and the cotyledonary node.

B. Hypocotyl- The portion of axis between the radicle and the cotyledonary node.

D. Coleoptile- Protective sheath of plumule.

So, the correct answer is 'Epicotyl'