OSSSC TGT Science CBZ Mock Test - 8 - OTET MCQ

'Modelling' refers to imitation. Imitation is directly linked to observation. Bandura claims that children continually learn desirable and undesirable behaviours through observational learning. Observational learning suggests that an individual's environment, cognition, and behaviour all integrate and ultimately determine how the individual functions.

All differences between individuals may be interpreted by the facts of heredity or nature, environment or nurture, and training. Individuals have various endowments, abilities and capacities, provided by heredity which decide the path of progress and development of an individual. Environment also plays a key role in individual differences. No person from birth to death get the same environment. Both nature (heredity) and nurture (environment) are strong contenders in order to distinguish one individual from another.

Gender discrimination may lead to diminished effort or performance in education or the labour market, which itself gives rise to negative outcomes. What remains unclear from this line of research, however, is to what extent perceptions of discrimination correspond to some reliable depiction of reality. Because events may be misperceived or overlooked, perceptions of discrimination may over- or under-estimate the actual incidence of discrimination.

Grades and marks come in the category of analytic. When analysis of the performance of the students is done on the basis of grades and marks, it is more reliable and accurate than marks in terms of all possible potential of the students.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Analytic.'

Jean Piaget has given four stages of cognitive development:

• The Sensorimotor stage is the first stage that lies from Birth to 18–24 months old. In this stage, infants "THINK' with their eyes, ears and hands.
• The Pre-operational Stage is the second stage lies from 2 to 7 years old.
• The Concrete Operational Stage is the third stage that lies from 7 to 11 years old.
• The Formal Operational Stage is the fourth stage that lies from Adolescence to adulthood.

Hence, the correct answer is, 'Sensorimotor stage.'

Girl students are as good at Mathematics as boys of their age. Abilities and skills are not limited to a particular gender. Capabilities in Mathematics is nothing to do with gender. Both are equally capable. Girls are not less than boys in any sector, field.
Hence, this is the correct answer.

Glycolysis, also known as EMP (Embden, Meyerhof, Parnas) pathway, is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen. It occurs in the cytosol of the cell and completes in 10 steps. Net reaction of glycolysis is:
2ATP + 2H⁺

A molecule of pyruvic acid that enters a mitochondrion is completely oxidized to form 3 carbon dioxide in one pre-Krebs' cycle decarboxylation and two Krebs' cycle decarboxylations. Net reaction of Krebs' cycle is as:
Pyruvicacid + 4NAD⁺ + FAD+ + 2H2​O + ADP + Pl  → 3CO_2​ + 4NADH4H⁺ + FADH2 ​+ ATP

Both groups have Chlorophyll 'a' and similar accessory pigments such as β- carotenes, and phycobiliproteins. Both groups show thylakoids which occur singly as opposed to the stacked arrangement seen in other algal groups. Major food reserve of Cyanobacteria and Rhodophycean starch are quite similar to each other. Both groups have no flagellate forms.

The incorrect pair in your given list is: C: Chemotaxonomy - Chromosome number and structure

Here's the detail explanation:

• Chemotaxonomy is a branch of taxonomy that uses the chemical constitution of a plant or animal in order to identify and classify it. It doesn't deal with chromosome number and structure. Chemotaxonomy involves the study of the chemical substances produced by plants, which often includes secondary metabolites that may not be directly involved in growth, development or reproduction. 
• On the other hand, the study of chromosome number and structure falls under Cytotaxonomy. Cytotaxonomy is the branch of taxonomy that uses the characteristics of the structure, number and behavior of chromosomes to classify organisms.

The pairing of Chemotaxonomy and chromosome number and structure is therefore incorrect, because these two concepts are associated with different branches of taxonomy.

In order to understand why Riccia is not a moss, we first need to understand what mosses are and then how Riccia differs from it.
Characteristics of Mosses:

• Mosses belong to the division Bryophyta in the plant kingdom.
• They are small, non-vascular plants that typically form dense green clumps or mats, often in damp or shady locations.
• They reproduce through spores, which are produced in capsules at the ends of a stalk.
• Polytrichum, Sphagnum, and Funaria are examples of mosses.

About Riccia:

• Riccia is not a moss but a liverwort.
• Liverworts also belong to the Bryophyte division of the plant kingdom but are distinct from mosses.
• They are usually found in moist, shaded areas but can also thrive in a variety of other habitats.
• Riccia reproduces through both sexual and asexual means, with asexual reproduction occurring through gemmae - small, lens-shaped pieces of tissue that are dispersed by water or wind.

In conclusion, Riccia is not a moss because it is a liverwort, a different type of bryophyte. Despite both mosses and liverworts being non-vascular and often found in similar habitats, they have distinct characteristics and reproductive processes.

The C₄ plants respond to higher temperatures and show higher rate of photosynthesis while C₃ plants have a much lower temperature optimum.

A meristematic tissue is a group of similar and immature cells that are in continuous state of division. These tissues are found in growing regions of plants. The chief characteristics of these tissues are:
(i) The cells may be round, oval, polygonal or rectangular.
(ii) They have thin cellulosic cell walls.
(iii) They do not have intercellular spaces.
(iv) They have dense cytoplasm with prominent nuclei.
(v) Vacuoles are absent or many small vacuoles may be present. The cells are in active state of metabolism.

Exponential growth is represented by initial size and growth rate and time. If W₁ is the final size,W₀ is the initial size, r is growth rate and t is the time of growth than exponential growth is W₁ = W₀.ert.

• Phanerogams contain specialized reproductive organ and don’t follow cryptogamae.
• Phanerogams are classified as Gymnosperms and Angiosperms based on the type of seed they produce.
• Gymnosperms have naked seeds and Angiosperms have covered seeds.
• Angiosperms bear fruit whereas Gymnosperms don’t.

The scheme of glycolysis was given by GustavEmbden, Otto Meyerhof, and J. Parnas, and is often referred to as the EMP pathway.

Carbon cycle is the most perfect biogeochemical cycle because carbon cycle operates globally. Carbon cycles include atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere all together.

Primary productivity is maximum in tropical rain forests due availability of sufficient food and water followed by temperate forests. Savannah grasslands have comparatively less productivity and arid regions have limited biotic component and water.

Cleavage is a series of rapid mitotic divisions of the zygote, characterised by absence of growth in daughter cells, which converts a single celled zygote into a multicellular structure called blastocyst. It starts in the Fallopian tube and is holoblastic. Interphase in cleavage division is short and don not involve growth so that the resulting blastomeres become smaller in size as their number increases. During cleavage, at 8-16 celled stage, a solid ball of cells called morula (as it look like mulberry) is formed.

A complete virus particle, known as a virion, consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a protective coat of protein called a capsid.

Mitochondria is the largest cell organelles in animal cell and chloroplast is the largest cell organelles in plant cell.

• IUCN is International Union for Conservation of Nature, this system is designed to determine the relative risk of extinctin
• The main purpose of the IUCN Red List or red data book is to catalogue and highlight those plants, fungi and animals that are facing a higher risk of global extinction (i.e. those listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable).

• Mangifera indica is the scientific name for mango.
• Mangifera represents the genus and indicia represents the species.
• Mangifera indica Linn. It indicates that this species was first described by Linnaeus.

Hence, the Correct Answer is D

NCERT Reference: Topic- Diversity in the living world from chapter "The Living world" of NCERT

The word “Taxa” means classification. And the study of taxa is called as taxonomy. Taxonomy is the classification of animals into different taxa and helps us to study organisms easily.

 In the binomial nomenclature system, the second part of the name, 'leo' in Panthera leo, is the specific epithet and refers to the species. This system, developed by Carl Linnaeus, ensures each species has a unique, universally accepted scientific name comprising a genus name followed by a specific epithet.

Amzonian rain forests are called as lungs of forest because it contains different kinds of vegetation that purify the atmosphere of the earth.

• The haploid phase of life cycle occurs when the total chromosome number inside the cell is reduced to half.
• It occurs by the process of meiosis.
• Fertilization restores the diploid phase of life cycle.

By photoelectric effect

e correct answer is c

   The process by which we can separate the particles of a colloidal solution is called Centrifugation.

At room temperature, Bromine is present in liquid state. Bromine is a non-metal belonging to family of halogens.

A starch solution is a colloidal solution. in a colloidal solution, particles are relatively big. so, when a beam of light is passed, the path of light is visible. it scatters. this scattering of beam of light through a colloidal solution is called tyndall effect.