APSET Paper 2 Mock Test - 3 (Political Science) - AP TET MCQ

It is usually believed about freedom of speech that There should be some reasonable restrictions on it.

Most of the principles of cabinet government took permanent form by the end of the eighteenth century.

A good bureaucracy is expected to implement laws in a spirit
A bureaucracy is a way of administratively organizing large numbers of people who need to work together. Organizations in the public and private sector, including universities and governments, rely on bureaucracies to function.
The federal bureaucracy performs three primary tasks in government: implementation, administration, and regulation. When Congress passes a law, it sets down guidelines to carry out the new policies.

A common modern definition of a republic is a government having a head of state who is not a monarch. Democracy is based on the concept of popular sovereignty. ... Parliamentary sovereignty refers to a representative democracy where the parliament is ultimately sovereign and not the executive power nor the judiciary.

Thomas McIntire Cooley said that the constitution is the fundamental law of the state in which the principles are founded on which the government is founded
Thomas McIntyre Cooley was the 25th Justice and a Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court, between 1864 and 1885. Born in Attica, New York, he was father to Charles Cooley, a distinguished American sociologist. He was a charter member and first chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

John Locke in his book ‘Second Treatise of Civil Government’ wrote about civil power as “I take to be a RIGHT of making laws with penalties of death, and consequently all less penalties, for the regulating and preserving of property, and of employing the force of the community, in the execution of such laws, and in the defence of the common-wealth from foreign injury; and all this only for the public good’’.
Thus, the Correct answer is C.

The correct answer is Myron Weiner.

• The Indian Paradox : Essays on Indian Politics is written by Myron Weiner.
• This intriguing book investigates a significant contradiction in Indian politics, the country's ability to maintain a democratic political system despite having a high frequency of political violence.
• Myron Weiner examines the concerns of ethnicity, economic development, and equity in India's politics while also offering a critical evaluation of the country's democracy and some of its most important institutions.

Plato in The Republic emphasizes the necessity of specialization by virtue of the human nature and illustrates the importance of the division of labour that plays a leading role in the emergence of cities. He believes that they should be chosen from the most appropriate men to protect the city (Plato 374e).

Justice Prasad was on the HC Bench from 1987 to 1991. He served the National Commission for Backward Classes as its chairman from 1993 to 1996. As the chairman of the Union government's Expert Committee on Creamy Layer, Justice Prasad had given a report on the concept of creamy layer in backward classes.

The Historical Theory of Rights emphasizes that rights are the product of history. They have their origin in customs which once possessed practical social utility and passed on from one generation to another, ultimately having been recognised as inherent claims or rights.

The correct answer is Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.

• For the Middle Class of Europe, Liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality before the law.
• It also focused on the inviolability of private property.
• It also stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, and also for a constitution and representative government through parliament. So, Statement 1 is correct.
• Liberalism can be used in a religious context, indicating freedom from traditional authority.
• In politics, liberalism emphasized- the state of being liberal, notably in emphasising the rights and freedom of the individual, usually with government guarantees for those rights and freedom. Thus, Statement 2 is incorrect.

Chester Barnard advocated 'effective communication' as a basic prerequisite for the attainment of organizational goals. 

The Allahabad High Court or the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad is a high court based in Prayagraj (Allahabad) that has jurisdiction over the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was established on 17 march 1866, making it the fourth high court to be established in India.
It is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Its jurisdiction covers the states of Maharashtra and Goa, and the Union Territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. The High Court has regional branches at Nagpur and Aurangabad in Maharashtra and Panaji, the capital of Goa.
The Jabalpur High Court is a high court having jurisdiction over the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh since 1936. It was established on 1 November 1956.

Order of revolutions in the sequence in which they took place - 
Puritan Revolution - 1640 
Bolshevik Revolution - 1917
Chinese Revolution - 1949
Cuban Revolution - 1953

The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole (whose official title was First Lord of the Treasury).

Article 156 – Term of office of Governor. The Constitution of India is the fountainhead from which all our laws derive their authority and force.  The Governor may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office.

• Ziauddin Barani (1285–1358 CE) was a Muslim political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate located in present-day North India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firuz Shah's reign.
• He was best known for composing the Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, a work on medieval India, which covers the period from the reign of Ghiyasuddin Balban to the first six years of the reign of Firoz Shah Tughluq and the Fatwa-i-Jahandari which promoted a hierarchy among Muslim communities in the Indian subcontinent, even if historian M. Athar Ali says that it's not on a racialist basis or even like the Hindu caste system, but taking as a model Sassanid Iran, which promoted an idea of the aristocracy through birth and which was claimed by Persians to be "fully in accordance with the main thrust of Islamic thought as it had developed by that time", including in the works of his near-contemporary Ibn Khaldun
• He took initiative for young girls being trained by Indian courtesans in Persian (Parsi) and Indian (Hindi) music for the Delhi court in the late thirteenth century.

The role and nature of the State have been interpreted differently.

• Modern western liberal thinking, arose with the commercial (Mercantile) Revolution in Western Europe in the sixteenth century and became prominent with the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century.
• These Revolutions brought into focus a new economic system called capitalism.
• The liberals emphasized that the consent of the people is the true basis of the state.
• Early liberal thinkers also considered the state as a ‘necessary evil’ 
• In Gandhian view, the State would justify its existence, by acting as a “trustee” of the people.

Thus from the above discussion, we can say that Laski has considered the state as an organization which helps the public to achieve social interest at a large scale.

• The United States Constitution is the world's longest surviving written charter of government.
• United States Constitution was adopted in 1789. 
• The Constitution of Switzerland was adopted in 1999 which established the Swiss Confederation as a 26-cantonal federal republic.
• The Constitution of India was adopted in 1949 and has been revised 105 times.
• The Canadian constitution was patriated in 1982 when the British parliament approved the Canada Act 1982.

Thus, the Constitution of America⇒ Constitution of India⇒ Constitution of Canada⇒ Constitution of Switzerland⇒ is in correct chronological order in order of their year of framing.

System: The system exits through its objects that have interacted within a patterned frame. A systems analyst perceives inter-related and web-like objects that look for ever-existing interdependent relationships among them.

• The setting within which a system occurs or works is called the environment. The line that separates the system from its environment is known as the boundary.
• Political parties are interdependent within a system to carry on the basic foundation of a system but they have their boundaries or gaps of their values and process in the structure.
• The system obtains inputs from the environment and supports its functioning. that includes community and villages, provinces, and political units within its functioning.
• As the system operates, inputs maybe some process, any beliefs or structure that leads to system outputs embodying rules to be forced or policies to be implemented collaboratively by political parties.

The Correct Answer is the Interest of the people of India.

• India's Foreign Policy is being put to the test in terms of options and partners in the international system.
• In recent decades, India has adopted a more expansive foreign policy that includes the SAARC-embodied neighborhood first strategy as well as the Look East policy to create more wide economic and strategic partnerships with other East Asian countries.
• Determinants of Indian Foreign Policy
  • National interests 
  • In general, every country attempts to improve its economic and social growth in order to secure the well-being of its citizens. Because each country is at a distinct stage of development, policies must be tailored to fit.
  • Every country conducts foreign policy to advance its national interests.
  • Some national interests have not altered over time, while others have.
  • Foreign policy is also affected by the level of development of a country.
  • To achieve its development ambitions, India relies largely on domestic consumption and overseas investment.
  • India's foreign policy is also consistent with these development aspirations

The Federal Court of India was a judicial body, established in India in 1937 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, with original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. 

• The Supreme Court of India also came into existence and its first sitting was held on 28 January 1950.

The correct answer is Velupillai Prabhakaran

LTTE

• It was a militant organization in North-east Sri Lanka founded in 1975.
• Its aim was for an independent state for the Tamil-speaking minority in the Northern and Eastern parts of Sri Lanka. (against the discriminatory policies of majority Sinhalese).
• It was founded by Velupillai Prabhakaran.
• The guerilla warfare led to the civil war in Sri Lanka from 1983 to 2009.
• Though there were some mediations held that failed, it ended with the Sri Lankan military operation that killed Prabhakaran in 2009.
• LTTE is behind the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, former PM of India.

N. Sanjiva Reddy was the Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha from 26 March 1977 to 13 July 1977.

A lower riparian state has right to share waters on equitable basis.

Article 93 of the Indian Constitution mentioned the posts of Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of People

The correct answer is A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Liberalism:

• ​A political and moral ideology known as liberalism is based on individual liberties, freedoms, the consent of the governed, and equality before the law. 
• It believes that all individuals are rational creatures and hence, placed better to decide well for themselves. 
• Features of liberalism: 
  • Individual Freedom
  • Capitalist Economy with a free market without State's control
  • Limited or no interference of the State in an individual's life
  • Democracy
  • Ideals of modernity and discarding traditions.

Constitutional Government:

• The presence of a constitution, which may be a written document or just a set of fixed standards or principles commonly acknowledged as the fundamental law of the land, that effectively controls the exercise of political power defines a constitutional government.
• ​The core element of constitutional government is the existence of a Rule-of-Law or set of basic laws that bind both public office-holders and all members of a society within a given territory.
• It prevents arbitrary decision-making.
• Unlike the UK, India has a limited government.

The correct response is (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.

• Assertion (A) is correct: Robert Dahl, a prominent political scientist, strongly advocated for the importance of cross-cultural studies in Public Administration.
• He believed that studying public administration across different cultures would help improve our understanding of the field and identify general principles that transcend national boundaries.
• Reason (R) is incorrect: However, Dahl did not believe that public administration could escape the effects of political, cultural, and environmental factors.
• He understood that these factors significantly influence how public administration functions in different contexts. Studying these influences was what he emphasized in his call for cross-cultural research.

Antonio Gramsci was a well-known Marxist and social philosopher from Italy.

• Gramsci began an excellent academic career at the University of Turin in 1911, where he met the Socialist Youth Federation and became a member of the Socialist Party.
• He started the publication The New Order after forming a radical group within the Socialist Party. 
• The majority of Gramsci's intellectual work is clearly clarified in his Prison Notebooks, a massive collection of writings, reflections, and letters written during his incarceration.
• The 'great and terrible world' in which Antonio Gramsci lived is vividly evoked in this collection of letters written by him before he was imprisoned.
• This collection of letters not only shows Gramsci forming the theoretical concepts that would later come to fruition in the Prison Notebooks, but it also provides an essential and rounded picture of Gramsci's political, intellectual, and emotional development
• Gramsci's thesis on hegemony, the role of intellectuals, and the importance of the peasantry in Left analysis are among the most notable developments in these books.

Thus,  Antonio Gramsci is the writer of the book, A Great and Terrible World.

In Gandhian philosophy, the concept of Swadeshi refers to local self-reliance and the application of local knowledge and abilities.

• Gandhi's concept of swadeshi emphasizes the value of indigenous abilities and their productivity.
• Swadeshi is most commonly associated with Gandhi's employment of a protectionist strategy against the British mercantile practices.
• Swadeshi signifies relying on one's own resources. 
• It was a means of achieving self-reliance and self-governance (swaraj).
• His spiritual politics not only internalize the core of material production and labour, but also demonstrates his ability to think pragmatically.
• He was an ardent champion of village life and the economy took precedence over city life and modernism.
• Swadeshi is also influenced by Ruskin's book, 'Unto This Last'. 

Thus, Gandhi's concept of Swadeshi was impacted by his deep ethical-spiritual conviction, his understanding of the economic condition of the people, especially at the grassroots and the influence of Ruskin's book, 'Unto This Last'.