APSET Paper 2 Mock Test - 9 (History) - AP TET MCQ

The correct answer is Karauli.

Important Points

• The Karauli treaty was signed by the British and the Maratha's in the year 1817 AD.
• Arjun Deo was the founder of the state Karauli in 1348 AD.
• Maratha's ruled Karauli till the 18th century and later they were defeated by the British army.
• Later they signed the treaty with the East India Company and became a British protectorate state.
• Ganesh pal (1940-1947) was the last ruler of the karauli princely state.

​Additional Information

• The Maharaj of karauli is considered as the head of the Jadaun clan of Rajputs.
• The karauli kings claim they are the descendants of Lord Krishna.
• Arjun Deo recovered land lost by his ancestors and then created the karauli kingdom in 1348 AD.
• Jaduan ruler Gopal das played an important role in the foundation of the Agra Fort on the orders of the Mughal emperor.

Kalighat painting was a product of the changing urban society of the nineteenth-century Calcutta. It was first of its kind in the Indian subcontinent that expressed subaltern sentiment and addressed customers directly. It started on a religious note with the subjects being Hindu Gods and Goddesses along with their incarnations. However, over time, social sentiments were expressed in the medium of paper and colours.

Statement1. In prehistoric times, when the man used to live in caves, this prehistoric painting art originated. It was an art of symbolism, where he used symbols to depict what he saw. The main inspiration was taken from the nature itself. Hence, correct.

Statement2. Since he used to stay mostly at one place and his knowledge was also limited, the themes and subjects of prehistoric paintings were also limited. There were special subjects like the animals that he saw and man killing those animals. Hence correct.

Statement3. Apart from themes of nature, at some places, there was also a pinch of spirituality that was painted in those prehistoric paintings, where he had faith in natural forces like fire, wind, water, forests etc. so, it can’t be ignored that there was some spirituality was also involved. Hence incorrect.

Statement4. Johan Cockburn and Archibald Carlleyle was the person who first discovered these prehistoric paintings and not the native Indians. Both of them discovered the cave paintings of Canoor hills in Vindhya Ranges near Mirzapur in 1880. Hence it is also incorrect.

The correct answer is Muhammad Iqbal.

• Muhammad Iqbal was the president of the Muslim League in 1930.

Key Points

• Formation of the Muslim League:
  • Set up in 1906 AD, under the leadership of Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk.
  • Sultan Muhammad Shah (Aga Khan III) was the first president of the Muslim League.
  • It supported the partition of Bengal, opposed the Swadeshi Movement, and demanded special safeguards for its community and a separate electorate for the Muslims.​

Additional Information

• The Ali Brothers–Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali launched an anti-British movement in 1920 AD the movement for the restoration of the Caliphet was known as the Khilafat Movement.
• Syed Ahmed Khan started the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (later, the Aligarh Muslim University) at Aligarh in 1875.

Bahadur Shah had tried to conciliate the rebellious Sikhs by making peace with Guru Gobind Singh and giving him a high mansab. But after his death, the Sikhs once again raised the banner of revolt in Punjab under the leadership of Banda Bahadur. The emperor decided to take strong measures and himself led a campaign against the rebels.

Bahadur Shah made peace with Chhatarsal, the Bundela chief, who remained a loyal feudatory, and the Jat chief Churaman, who joined him in the campaign against Banda Bahadur.

[He was ready to take the responsibility for the consequences of his own decisions].

In 1786, Lord Cornwallis was appointed as Governor-General and commander in chief in India. He is known for having instituted land , judiciary and administrative reforms and reorganized the British army and administration. He had a demand that powers of the Governor-General be enlarged to empower him, in special cases, to override the majority of his Council and act on his own special responsibility. The Act of 1786 was enacted to give him the power of working as Both Governor General & Commander in Chief. Thus via act of 1786, Cornwallis became the first effective ruler of British India under the authority of Board of Control and the Court of Directors.

The correct answer is 1 and 3 only.​
Key-Points

The main points in the CR (C. Rajagopalachari) Plan were:

• Muslim League to endorse Congress's demand for independence. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• League to cooperate with Congress in forming a provisional government at the center.
• After the end of the war, the entire population of Muslim majority areas in the North-West and North-East India to decide by a plebiscite, whether or not to form a separate sovereign state. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• In case of acceptance of partition, agreement to be made jointly for safeguarding defense, commerce, communications, etc. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Additional Information

Objections to CR plan:

• Jinnah wanted Congress to accept the two-nation theory. He wanted only the Muslims of the North-West and North-East to vote in the plebiscite and not the entire population.
• He also opposed the idea of a common center.
• While the Congress was ready to cooperate with the League for the independence of the Indian Union, the League did not care for the independence of the Union. It was only interested in a separate nation.
• Hindu leaders led by Vir Savarkar condemned the CR Plan.

August Offer (Aug 1940)

• The main proposals of the mission were as follows.
  • An Indian Union with a dominion status would be set up; it would be free to decide its relations with the Commonwealth and free to participate in the United Nations and other international bodies.
  • After the end of the war, a constituent assembly would be convened to frame a new constitution. Members of this assembly would be partly elected by the provincial assemblies through proportional representation and partly nominated by the princes.
  • The British government would accept the new constitution subject to two conditions: (i) any province not willing to join the Union could have a separate constitution and form a separate Union, and (ii) the new constitution-making body and the British government would negotiate a treaty to effect the transfer of power and to safeguard racial and religious minorities.
  • In the meantime, the defense of India would remain in British hands and the governor-general’s powers would remain intact.
• It was opposed by: Muslim League, INC, Hindu Mahasabha, Liberals, Depressed class, Sikh.

• Trade unions are organized associations of workers in a trade or profession.
• These are interested in the economic and social welfare of the workers and are formed to further their rights and interests.
• In India, Trade Unions in India are registered under the Trade Union Act (1926).

Key-Points

All India Trade Union Congress:

• The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) is the oldest trade union federation in India.
• It is associated with the Communist Party of India.
• According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, AITUC had a membership of 14.2 million in 2013.
• It was founded on 31 October 1920 with Lala Lajpat Rai as its first president.
• Until 1945 when unions became organised on party lines, it was the primary trade union organisation in India.
• The main purpose of labour unions is to give workers the power to negotiate for more favourable working conditions and other benefits through collective bargaining.
• The following are the objectives of a trade union:
  • To improve the economic lot of workers by securing them better wages.
  • To secure workers better working conditions.
  • To secure bonuses for the workers from the profits of the enterprise/organization.

Thus, Lala Lajpat Rai was the first President of the All India Trade Union Congress established in 1920.

Bairam Khan
Key Points

• Regent and Chief Minister: Guided Akbar (13) after his father's death, securing the throne against rivals.
• Military Leader: Won crucial battles like Panipat (1556) consolidating Mughal power.
• Administrator: Implemented policies and expanded empire territories.

Additional Information

• In1556, Humayun died while on an expedition to reconquer his lost kingdom. Bairam Khan was at that time leading a campaign in Punjab. He immediately rushed back to Agra and took charge of the Mughal government as the regent of the young Akbar, who was only 13 years old.
• Bairam Khan played a crucial role in the early years of Akbar's reign. He guided and mentored the young emperor, helping him to consolidate his power and expand the Mughal empire. He also introduced a number of important reforms, including the Zabti system of land revenue assessment.
• In 1560, Bairam Khan was dismissed from his position as regent and chief minister. This was due to a number of factors, including his growing power and influence, his disagreements with Akbar over policy, and the jealousy of other nobles.
• After his dismissal, Bairam Khan was given the option of going on pilgrimage to Mecca or being granted a jagir (fiefdom). He chose to go on pilgrimage, but was assassinated on his way to Mecca in 1561.

Balathal in southeast Rajasthan shows evidence of protohistoric occupation from the closing centuries of the 4th millennium BC.

The original name of Ramakrishna Paramhansa was Gadadhar Chattopadhyay. He was born into a poor and orthodox Brahmin family on 18 February, 1836.

Tulsidas wrote Gitawali, Kavitawali and Vinaya Patrika.

Key Points

• Tulsidas, also known as Goswami Tulsidas, was a Ramanandi Vaishnava Hindu saint and poet, renowned for his devotion to the deity Rama.
• Tulsidas accepted existing beliefs and practices but wanted to make these accessible to all.
• Tulsidas conceived of God in the form of Rama.
• Tulsidas’s composition, the Ramcharitmanas, written in Awadhi (a language used in eastern Uttar Pradesh), is important both as an expression of his devotion and as a literary work.
• The five major works of Tulsidas apart from Ramcharitmanas include:
  • Dohavali: Collection of dohas
  • Kavitavali: Collection of kavittas or poems
  • Gitavali: Collection of songs
  • Krishnavali: Collection of songs to Krishna

  • Vinaya Patrika: Collection of hymns

Therefore, we can conclude that Tulsidas wrote Gitawali, Kavitawali and Vinaya Patrika.

Additional Information

• Surdas:
  • ​​Surdas was an ardent devotee of Krishna.
  • His compositions, compiled in the Sursagara, Surasaravali and Sahitya Lahari, express his devotion.
• Chaitanya:
  • ​He was a sixteenth-century bhakti saint from Bengal, who preached selfless devotion to Krishna-Radha.
  • Chaitanyadeva popularised Krishna worship through ecstatic songs and dancing that had a profound effect on Vaishnavism in Bengal.
• Namadeva:
  • ​He is considered to be the link between the Maharashtrian bhakti movement and North Indian monotheistic movement.
  • He lived in Pandharpur but travelled to North India including the Punjab.
  • His bhakti songs have also been included in the Adi Granth.

The fiscal system was established on a firm basis.

1) Warriors and priests, i.e., the Kshatriyas and the Brahmanas, were exempted from the payment of taxes, and the burden fell on the peasants who were mainly vaishyas or grihapatis.

2) Bali, a voluntary payment made by the tribesmen to their chiefs in Vedic times, became a compulsory payment to be made by the peasants in the age of Buddha, and officers called balisadhakas were appointed to collect it.

3) Artisans and traders also had to pay taxes. The tolls were collected by officers known as shulkika or shulkadhaksha.

The correct answer is 2 only.

Key Points

Alha and Udai

• Alha was a legendary general of the Chandella king Parmardi-deva (also known as Parmal), who fought Prithviraj Chauhan in 1182 CE, immortalized in the Alha-Khand ballad. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• The last prominent Chandella ruler was Parmardi-deva or Parmal is still popular due to the heroic deeds of his two Generals ‘Alha’ and ‘Udala’ who own many battles.
• The court poet Jagnik Rao has made their names immortal through his popular ballad (Veer-Kavya) ‘Alha-Khand’. It is recited through-out the hindi speaking masses in the country.
• In 1860 AD an English Officer of the East India Company, Mr. William Waterfield was so impressed with the ballad that he translated it into English under the title name of ‘Lay of Alha’ which was published by the Oxford University Press of England.

• According to the Bhavishya Purana, a text with several interpolated sections that cannot be reliably dated, Alha's mother, Devaki, was a member of the Ahir caste. The Ahirs are among the "oldest pastoralists" and were rulers of Mahoba.

Important PointsBaghelkhand

• Baghelkhand, historical region, eastern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Known as Dahala before the Muslims, Baghelkhand was held by the warlike Kalacuri dynasty (6th–12th century), whose stronghold was at Kalinjar.
• Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• With the advent of the Baghela Rajputs (warrior caste) in the 14th century, after whom the tract is named, it was absorbed into Rewa state.

• Mughal architecture retained features from Sultanate architecture such as the arch, dome and vault. The bulbous dome and rectangular gardens were inspired later from Central Asia and Iran. Hence, statements 1 and 3 are incorrect.
• Features were adopted from provinvial styles of Gujarat, Malwa, Rajasthan, Bengal and Sharqi kingdom (Jaunpursultanate). Hence, statements 2 is correct.
  

Features of Mughal Architecture

• Bulbous domes
• Minarets (pillars) with Cupolas (chhatris)
• Use of red sandstone and white marble
• Vaulted gateways
• Arches
• Rectangular gardens (Persian Charbagh)

During the Rig Vedic Age there was no regular standing army. Vrata, gana, grama and sardha were different tribal groups who performed military functions in times of need.

Ajanta Paintings are considered to be the ‘fountainhead of all the classic paintings in Asia’. It is the most beautiful embodiment of buddhist art. the artistic impulses and traditions born in ajanta, travelled along the trade routes to inspire painters in afghanistan, central asia and china and from there to korea and japan. along another trade route, travelling southwards, the art of ajanta reached sri lanka and thence onwards to the countries of south east asia.

The correct answer is ​1 and 4 only.

Key Points

• During the 18th century, with the decline of the Mughal empire, arose a large number of independent and semi-independent powers.
• The rulers of all the 18th century States tried to legitimize their position by acknowledging the nominal Supremacy of the Mughal emperor and by seeking his approval as his representatives.
• Moreover, nearly all of them adopted the methods and spirit of the Mughal administration. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • The first group of states succession States inherited functioning Mughal administrative structure and institutions others tried to adopt an apt in varying degrees the structure and Institutions including the Mughal revenue system.
• The rulers of these States established by law and order and viable economic and administrative structures.
• In general, there was in most of the states decentralization of political authority with chiefs, jagirdars and zamindars gaining in economic and political power.
• The politics of these states were invariably non-communal or secular, the motivations of the rulers being similar in economic and political terms. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• There is therefore little warrant for the belief that the decline and breakup of the Mughal Empire were followed by Anarchy or breakdown of law and order in different parts of India.
  • Infact whatever anarchy in administration and economy existed in the 18th century usually followed British Wars of conquest and British intervention in the internal affairs of the Indian states.
• However, none of these States had never succeeded in arresting the economic crisis which was certain during the 17th century. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
  • All of them remained basically rent extracting States.
  • Zamindars and jagirdars whose number and political strength constantly increased continued to fight over the income from agriculture while the condition of the peasants continued to deteriorate. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
• While the state prevented any breakdown of internal trade and even tried to promote foreign trade, they did nothing to modernize the basic Industrial and commercial structure of their states.
• This largely explains their failure to consolidate themselves or to ward off external attacks

The Yajur Veda majorly deals with the procedure for the performance of sacrifices. The Upveda of the Yajur Veda is called the Dhanur Veda .It contains a collection of short magic spells which is used by a certain class of priests at the time of sacrifices.

With reference to the “Board of Control” in the East India Company, Only 1 and 3 are correct.

Important Points

• Board of Control was formed as a measure for increasing the control of the British crown on the administration of the East India Company in India by Pitt’s India act of 1784.
• It consisted of six unpaid privy councillors, one of whom was the president with a casting vote.
• The Board had no patronage and did not interfere in commercial matters.
• It had power to superintend, direct and control all acts relating to the civil or military government or the revenues.
• The east India company’s officers in India were subject to the approval of the Board which also could send its own orders without the consent of the directors.

• After the mutiny when the government of India was transferred to the British crown by the Government of India Act, 1858, the Board of control as such was abolished.

Thus, we can conclude that the following statements are correct with reference to the “Board of Control” in the East India Company:

1. It was formed by Pitts India Act of 1784

3. It was abolished by the Government of India Act 1858

The last veda called the Atharva Veda is a collection of magic spells and charms to ward off the evil spirits and diseases. It is considered a non-Aryan work and is the latest addition to the Vedas in later Vedic age.

In 1600, the East India Company acquired a charter from the ruler of England, Queen Elizabeth I, granting it the sole right to trade with the East.

• This meant that no other trading group in England could compete with the East India Company.
• With this charter the Company could venture across the oceans, looking for new lands from which it could buy goods at a cheap price, and carry them back to Europe to sell at higher prices.
• The Company did not have to fear competition from other English trading companies.
• The royal charter, however, could not prevent other European powers from entering the Eastern markets.
• By the time the first English ships sailed down the west coast of Africa, round the Cape of Good Hope, and crossed the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese had already established their presence in the western coast of India and had their base in Goa.
• In fact, it was Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, who had discovered this sea route to India in 1498.
• By the early seventeenth century, the Dutch too were exploring the possibilities of trade in the Indian Ocean. Soon the French traders arrived on the scene.

Thus, we can say that only statement B is correct.

Bhakti Movement

• Bhakti as a religious concept means devotional surrender to a supreme God for attaining salvation. It is a mixture of devotion with love for God. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The word Bhakti traces its origin to Pali literature dating 8th century BC, the Bhagavad Gita, and the Chhandogya Upanishad. The term first appeared in Pali literature, not the Bhagavad Gita. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• It was based on religious equality and social participation.

In south India some people were buried along with their tools, weapons, pottery and other belongings under big and heavy stones. These graves are known as megalithsThe practice of erecting megaliths began about 3000 years ago, and was prevalent throughout the Deccan, south India, in the north-east and Kashmir.These Megalith burials have yielded the first iron objects from south India. Besides these the use of Black and Red ware pottery was also a distinctive feature of the Megalithic people.

The temples of Khajuraho are located in Chhattarpur district of Madhya Pradesh. They were built by Chandel kings in 950-1050 AD.

Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948:

• It defined the broad contours of the policy delineating the role of the State in industrial development both as an entrepreneur and authority.
• It made clear that India is going to have a Mixed Economic Model.
• It classified industries into four(not three) broad areas:(Statement 1 is incorrect)
  • Strategic Industries (Public Sector):
    • It included three industries in which Central Government had a monopoly i.e. Arms and ammunition, Atomic energy, and Rail transport.
  • Basic/Key Industries (Public-cum-Private Sector):
    • 6 industries viz. coal, iron & steel, aircraft manufacturing, ship-building, manufacture of telephone, telegraph & wireless apparatus, and mineral oil.
    • They were designated as “Key Industries” or “Basic Industries”.(Statement 2 is incorrect.)
    • These industries were to be set up by the Central Government.
    • However, the existing private sector enterprises were allowed to continue.
  • Important Industries (Controlled Private Sector):
    • It included 18 industries including heavy chemicals, sugar, cotton textile & woolen industry, cement, paper, salt, machine tools, fertilizer, rubber, air and sea transport, motor, tractor, electricity, etc.
    • These industries continue to remain under the private sector
    • However, the central government, in consultation with the state government, had general control over them.
  • Other Industries (Private and Cooperative Sector):
    • All other industries which were not included in the above-mentioned three categories were left open for the private sector.
• The Industries (Development and Regula­tion) Act was passed in 1951 to implement the Industrial Policy Resolution, 1948.
• Accordingly, option D is correct.

The stance of the Virashaiva movement on ritual and idol worship on they were against all forms of ritual and idol worship. Key Points

• The Virashaiva movement was a 12th-century religious reform movement in Karnataka, India, that emphasized the equality of all people and rejected the caste system.
• The movement was founded by Basavanna, who was also known as Basava, and his followers.
• One of the key tenets of the Virashaiva movement was its opposition to ritual and idol worship.
• Basavanna and his followers believed that these practices were unnecessary and that true devotion could be expressed through personal experience and inward reflection.
• They also argued that ritual and idol worship could lead to social divisions and inequality.
• The Virashaiva movement's stance on ritual and idol worship was a radical departure from the religious practices of the time.
• However, it was also a reflection of the movement's commitment to social justice and equality.
• The Virashaivas believed that everyone, regardless of their social status, had the right to experience the divine directly.
• The Virashaiva movement's stance on ritual and idol worship had a significant impact on the religious landscape of Karnataka.
• It helped to pave the way for the development of other reform movements, such as the Lingayat movement, and it continues to inspire people today.
• Here are some quotes from Basavanna that illustrate his views on ritual and idol worship:
  • ​​"Rituals are like a ladder. Once you have climbed up, you need not carry it with you."
  • "The image of God is not in a temple, but in the heart of a devotee."
  • "The true worship of God is to serve the poor and the needy."
• The Virashaiva movement's stance on ritual and idol worship is still relevant today.
• It challenges us to think critically about our own religious practices and to question whether they are truly helpful or harmful.
• It also reminds us that the essence of religion is not about following rules or performing rituals, but about connecting with the divine in a personal and meaningful way.

All the given statements regarding the achievements of Aryabhatta are correct.

Key Points

• Aryabhatta was born in 476 CE at Kusumapura.
• He was regarded as the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the Gupta period.
• Aryabhaṭiya and Arya-Siddhanta were his known works.
• He was the first astronomer to give a scientific explanation of eclipses ie solar and lunar eclipses.
• He was also the first to discover that earth rotates on its axis.
• He worked on the ‘place value system’ using letters to signify numbers and stating qualities.
• He discovered the position of the 9 planets and found that these planets revolve around the sun.
• He also described the number of days in a year to be 365.

• He gave very accurate value of pi ie 3.14.

The Rig Vedic society was a tribal society. The people lived a semi-nomadic life. Aryan tribes were called Janas. They were nomadic hinters and agriculture had no importance in their life.