Kerala PSC KAS Prelims Paper 1 Mock Test - 8 - Kerala PSC KAS MCQ

• Jamnalal was born in 1889 in Rajasthan near Sikar. He was born in a well-off Aggarwal family. He was adopted as the grandson by a rich and famous trader in British India, Seth bajaj, and his wife. Jamnalal established what would become the Bajaj group of industries in 1926. During WWI, the British government appeased and honoured native tradesmen to raise finances. Jamnalal was made an honorary magistrate.
  • In the 1920s, though, when India was fighting for independence, Jamnalal Bajaj emerged as an ethical entrepreneur who was dubbed the ‘Merchant Prince’ by Mahatma Gandhi.
• He participated in the Non-co-operation Movement in 1921, the Nagpur Jhanda Satyagraha in 1923 to uphold the honour of our National Flag, the Boycott of Simon Commission in 1929, the Salt Satyagraha in 1930, and the Anti war campaign in 1941.
• He was the one leader who was simultaneously active in the struggles in the princely states – leading the Jaipur Satyagraha in 1939 as also bringing to resolution struggles in Bijolia and Sikar.
• But it was in implementing the Constructive Programme of Gandhiji that Jamnalalji overreached himself. As the Founder-President of the ‘Gandhi Seva Sangh’ and Chairman of the ‘All-India Khaddar Board’ he undertook an extensive khadi tour first in Rajasthan followed by the entire country.
• He played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Sevagram ashram at Wardha in 1936. He was responsible for setting up Gandhi’s residence at Sevagram in 1936 which eventually took the shape of an Ashram.
  • The last of the Ashram that Gandhi founded was Sevagram Ashram. When Gandhi was 67 years, he reached the village called Shegaon, near about 8 km from Wardha on the 30th April,1936, remained here for about five to six days. He called the villagers and sought their permission to settle down here. He had no intention to keep anybody with him except his wife Kasturba. However, the slow pressure of work necessitated permission to more colleagues until Sevagram Ashram also became a full-fledged institution. o Jamnalal Bajaj made available to the ashram about 300 acres of land on the outskirts of the village.
• Hence option (c) is the correct answer.

Delhi has the highest net migration rate among all Indian states, indicating a significant influx of people from other states and regions.

Educational Reforms –

• Curzon took a serious view of the fall in the standard of education and discipline in the educational institutions. In his view the universities had degenerated into factories for producing political revolutionaries. To set the educational system in order, he instituted in 1902, a Universities Commission to go into the entire question of university education in the country.
• On the basis of the findings and recommendations of the Commission, Curzon brought in the Indian Universities Act of 1904, which brought all the universities in India under the control of the government. Police and Military Reforms – Curzon believed in efficiency and discipline. He instituted a Police Commission in 1902 under the chairmanship of Sir Andrew Frazer.
• Curzon accepted all the recommendations and implemented them. He set up training schools for both the officers and the constables, and introduced provincial police service. As for the remodelling of the army, it was by and large done by Lord Kitchener, the Commander-in-Chief in India in Curzon’s time.
• The Calcutta Corporation Act (1899) – The Viceroy brought in a new legislative measure, namely the Calcutta Corporation Act in 1899, by which the strength of the elected members was reduced and that of the official members increased. Curzon gave more representations to the English people as against the Indians in the Calcutta Corporation. There was strong resentment by the Indian members against Curzon’s anti-people measures.
• Preservation of Archaeological objects – Curzon had a passion for preserving the ancient monuments of historical importance in India. No Viceroy in India before or after him took such a keen interest in archaeological objects. He passed a law, called the Ancient Monuments Act, 1904, which made it obligatory on the part of the government and local authorities to preserve the monuments of archaeological importance and their destruction an offence.

The English East India Company was established on 31 December 1600 as per the Royal Charter issued by the Queen of England, Elizabeth I. The Company had sent Captain Hawkins to the court of the Mughal Emperor, Jahangir in 1608 to secure permission to establish a “factory” (store house of goods) at Surat. It was turned down initially. However, in 1613, Jahangir issued the firman permitting the East India Company to establish its first trading post at Surat. Subsequently, Sir Thomas Roe obtained more trading rights and privileges for the East India Company. Accordingly, the English set up business centres at Agra, Ahmedabad and Broach. Slowly the English East India Company succeeded in expanding its area of trade.

The Parsi Religious Reform Association was founded at Bombay by Furdunji Naoroji and S.S. Bengalee in 1851. They advocated the spread of women’s education. They also wanted to reform their marriage customs. Naoroji published a monthly journal, Jagat Mithra. The momentum gathered through these reform movements and went a long way in uplifting the entire community. By the middle of the twentieth century most of them were highly placed in various capacities and have made a significant contribution to India’s development.

Tattwabodhini Sabha –

• The Tattwabodhini Sabha was founded by Debendranath Tagore in Calcutta.
• The objective of the Tattvabodhini Sabha was to encourage religious enquiry and disseminate the essence of Upanishads. Tattawabodhini Patrika was the journal of Tattvabodhini Sabha. Debendranath Tagore later joined the Brahmo Samaj.
• However, he stood against the radical attack on Hinduism by missionaries. To counter the same, a text 'Brahmo Dharma', which was inspired by the ancient Hindu scriptures. He also an introduced a new form of worship called 'Brahmopasana’.

The Chinese Revolution began in 1911 with the Wuchang Uprising, also known as the Xinhai Revolution. This uprising resulted in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty, and ultimately led to the establishment of the Republic of China.

Mao Zedong was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Revolution. He played a pivotal role in leading the Communists to victory against the Nationalists and establishing the People's Republic of China in 1949.

The Chinese Revolution resulted in the downfall of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty, ruled by the Manchu ethnic group, was overthrown due to various factors, including corruption, internal unrest, and foreign invasions.

The May Fourth Movement was sparked by the Chinese public's outrage over the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. The treaty, which concluded World War I, imposed severe territorial and political concessions on China and ceded German territories in Shandong to Japan.

The key slogan of the Chinese Revolution was "Down with Foreign Imperialism." This slogan encapsulated the Chinese people's desire to end foreign dominance and exploitation, especially after the humiliation faced during the Opium Wars and other unequal treaties.

The Shanghai Massacre, also known as the April 12 Incident, occurred in 1927. It was a violent suppression of Communists by the Nationalist government in Shanghai, marking a turning point in the Chinese Revolution as it led to a split between the Nationalists and Communists.

The Chinese Revolution concluded in 1949 with the victory of the Communists, and the establishment of the People's Republic of China under the leadership of Mao Zedong.

Mao Zedong led the famous Long March, which took place from 1934 to 1935 during the Chinese Revolution. The Communists embarked on a long and arduous journey to escape the Nationalist forces and establish their base in northern China.

The Chinese Revolution was primarily influenced by the ideas of socialism. Mao Zedong's Communist Party sought to establish a socialist society in China, with an emphasis on collective ownership and equality.

During the Chinese Revolution, both the Nationalists and Communists temporarily joined forces to resist the common enemy of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945). However, after Japan's defeat, the two parties resumed their civil war, resulting in the Communists' ultimate victory.

The Night of the Long Knives, which occurred from June 30 to July 2, 1934, was a series of political purges orchestrated by Hitler to eliminate his political rivals within the Nazi Party, particularly the SA leadership and other potential threats to his authority.

The "Final Solution" was the Nazi regime's euphemism for their plan to systematically exterminate the Jewish population of Europe during the Holocaust. This involved the mass murder of millions of Jews through gas chambers, mass shootings, and forced labor in concentration camps.

"Mein Kampf" (My Struggle) is the autobiography and political manifesto written by Adolf Hitler while he was imprisoned in the early 1920s. The book outlines Hitler's ideological beliefs, including anti-Semitism, Aryan supremacy, and his plans for German expansion and domination.

The Battle of Dunkirk, also known as "Operation Dynamo," took place during World War II and involved the evacuation of Allied soldiers, primarily British and French, from the beaches of Dunkirk, France, in 1940.

The Euphrates River played a vital role in the development of Arab civilization. It provided a consistent water source for agriculture, enabling settlements and the growth of ancient civilizations.

The Arabian Peninsula is predominantly covered by vast desert regions, including the Rub' al Khali (Empty Quarter), which has significantly shaped the lifestyle and culture of the Arab people.

Martin Luther, a German theologian and monk, is credited with starting the Protestant Reformation in the early 16th century. He challenged the practices of the Catholic Church and advocated for reforms, sparking widespread religious and social changes.

The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir will have a Council of Ministers of not more than ten per cent of the total number of members in the Assembly. The Council will aide and advise the Lieutenant Governor on matters that the Assembly has powers to make laws. The Chief Minister will communicate all decisions of the Council to the Lieutenant Governor.

The Cabinet Mission Plan was formulated in 1946 to outline the framework for the drafting of the Indian Constitution. The plan led to the creation of the Constituent Assembly, which was responsible for drafting the Constitution. The following statements about the plan are correct:

1. Allocation of seats for each province and princely state to be in proportion to their respective population - This was done to ensure that every region had fair representation in the Constituent Assembly.
2. Representatives to be elected through proportional representation using a single transferable vote - This method of election was chosen to ensure that minority groups would also have a voice in the drafting of the Constitution.
3. The representatives of the princely state were to be nominated by the heads of princely states - The princely states were not directly represented in the Assembly, but their representatives were nominated by the heads of the states to participate in the drafting process.
4. Out of 296 seats allotted to British India, 292 members were to be drawn from the governor’s provinces and 4 from the chief commissioners’ provinces - This allocation ensured that both the provinces directly governed by the British and those with more autonomy had representation in the Constituent Assembly.