HPCL Civil Engineer Mock Test - 3 - HPSC (Haryana) MCQ

The correct answer is “Appetizing”.

Key Points

• Sumptuous: lavish or luxurious.(भव्य या विलासी)
  • Example- The sumptuous feast was fit for a king.
• Appetizing: appealing to the sense of taste.(स्वाद की अनुभूति के लिए आकर्षक)
  • Example- The appetizing aroma of the food made my mouth water.
• Hence, the option that is similar in meaning to the given word is 'Appetizing'.

Therefore, the correct answer is “option 2”.

Additional Information

• Unpalatable: not pleasant to the taste.(स्वाद के लिए सुखद नहीं)
• Bland: lacking flavor or taste.(स्वाद या स्वाद का अभाव)
• Nutritious: providing the nutrients necessary for growth and health.(विकास और स्वास्थ्य के लिए आवश्यक पोषक तत्व प्रदान करना)

Here the correct answer is Susceptible.

Key Points

• The word "immune" refers to having protection or resistance against something, such as diseases or infections. In the given context, it specifically refers to the immune system's ability to defend the body against foreign substances and pathogens.("प्रतिरक्षा")
  • Example sentence: Vaccines help to boost your immune system, making you less susceptible to certain diseases.
• Among the given options:
• "Susceptible" means vulnerable or prone to something. In the context of immunity, it is the opposite of being immune. If someone is susceptible to a disease, it means their immune system is not able to provide sufficient protection against it.(अतिसंवेदनशील)
• "Fragile" means delicate or easily broken. It does not convey the opposite meaning of "immune" in the context of the immune system attacking the body.(कमज़ोर)
• "Sick" means unwell or having an illness. It is not an antonym of "immune."(बीमार)
• "Sedentary" means characterized by or involving little physical activity. It does not convey the opposite meaning of "immune."(गतिहीन)
• Among the options, "susceptible" is the best antonym of "immune" as it denotes the lack of immunity or the ability to resist the attacks of the immune system. In the case of autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body, indicating a lack of immunity against one's own cells or tissues.

Concept:

A probability is a chance of prediction. The formula of the probability of an event is given by

Calculation:

Favorable outcomes of getting 4 or less than 4 = {1, 2, 3, 4} = 4

Total number of outcomes = 6

∴ Probability = 4/6 = 2/3

Hence, the probability of getting 4 or less than 4 is 2/3.

The mirror image of the given figure is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option ()".

The correct answer is 'C' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• The phrase "due towards" is incorrect. The correct phrase should be "due to".
• "Due to" is a prepositional phrase that is used to give a reason or cause for something.
• In the given sentence, "due to" should be used to indicate the cause of the politicians parting ways.
• Therefore, the correct sentence should read: "The politicians parted ways due to ideological differences."

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct sentence:

• Option 1 (a): "The politicians" - This part is correct as it correctly identifies the subject of the sentence.
• Option 2 (b): "parted ways" - This part is also correct as it correctly describes the action taken by the politicians.
• Option 4 (d): "No error" - This option is incorrect because there is an error in part (c) of the sentence.

Statements:

I. Harish was born on an even date of the month → 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28

II. Harish’s birth date was a prime number → 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29

But we know that 2 is the smallest even prime number.

According to both statements we can say that on 2nd February 2000 Harish was born.

Hence, Option (1) is correct.

Given: "pu ma kas' means 'we eat mangoes'.

Statements:

I. 'la ti kas' means 'we are graduate'.

II. 'hum tup pu' means 'they eat bananas'.

From I and II statements we conclude that both are sufficient to answer the question. So 'ma' is the code of 'mangoes'.

Hence, Statements I and II together are sufficient to answer the question.

Calculation:

Let the three consecutive odd numbers be (x - 2), x, and (x + 2)

Sum = 20 + (x - 2)

Sum = x - 2 + x + x + 2 = 3x

3x = 20 + x - 2

Or, x = 9

∴ The middle number is 9.

Given:

Concept used:

secθ = Hypotenuse/Base, tanθ = perpendicular/base, cosθ = base/hypotenuse

Pythgorus theorem

Hypotenuse² = Perpendicular² + Base²

Calculation:

Let Perpendicular = P, Base = B, Hypotenuse = H

⇒ {(H/B) + (P/B)}/{(H/B) - (P/B)} = 5/1

⇒ (H + P)/(H - P) = 5/1

⇒ H + P = 5 ----(1)

⇒ H - P = 1 ----(2)

Solve (1) and (2)

⇒ H = 3, P = 2

Hypotenuse2 = Perpendicular2 + Base2

⇒ Base = √5

⇒ {3 × (√5/3)² + 1}/{3 × (√5/3)2 - 1}

⇒ (8/3)/(2/3)

⇒ 4

∴ The value is 4.

There are 8 boys and 8 girls.

No two boys can sit together.

Consider one seat as fixed because table is circular. If that fixed position is allotted to a boy then remaining places are filled with boys in 7! Ways.

Now, for 8 girls, there 8! Ways to place in between so that no two boys can sit together.

The correct answer is 2) Gluttonous.

Key Points

• The word "edacious" means having a voracious or excessively eager appetite, often associated with being gluttonous or excessively hungry.
  (तीव्र या अत्यधिक भूख होना). It describes someone or something that has a strong desire for consuming food.
  • Example: "The edacious eater devoured the entire pizza in minutes, leaving no slice behind."
  • In this example, "edacious" describes the person's insatiable appetite and their quick consumption of the entire pizza.
• In conclusion, the word that means the same as "edacious" is 2) Gluttonous, as it conveys the idea of having an excessively eager appetite or being inclined towards overeating(अधिक खाने की ओर प्रवृत्त होना).
  • Example: Despite already having a full dinner, Tom couldn't resist indulging in a gluttonous feast of desserts.

Additional Information

• Now let's examine the other options:
• Solvent: (अन्‍य पदार्थ को अपने में विलीन करने वाला तरल; विलायक) This option does not have the same meaning as "edacious." "Solvent" refers to being financially stable or able to pay debts, which is unrelated to the concept of being excessively hungry.
  • Example: "Despite the economic downturn, the company remained solvent and was able to pay its employees."
• Insolvent: (धन की कमी के कारण ऋण चुकाने में असमर्थ; दिवालिया)This option does not have the same meaning as "edacious." "Insolvent" refers to being in a state of financial distress or bankruptcy, which is unrelated to the concept of having a voracious appetite.
  • Example: "Due to mounting debts, the business became insolvent and had to file for bankruptcy."
• Satiated: (भूख को पूरी तरह शांत करना; तृप्त करना)This option does not have the same meaning as "edacious." "Satiated" means being fully satisfied or no longer hungry or thirsty, which is the opposite of the intense hunger associated with "edacious."
  • Example: "After enjoying a delicious meal, he felt satiated and content."

The correct answer is "a situation where one factor depends on another"

Key Points

• Catch 22 situation is a phrase used to describe a situation in which a person is in a dilemma because two conflicting rules or conditions make it impossible to satisfy both of them at the same time(ऐसी स्थिति जहां एक कारक दूसरे पर निर्भर करता है).
• This phrase is often used to describe situations in which someone is trapped in a paradoxical situation, and no matter what they do, they cannot find a solution.
• Example:
  A job applicant must have experience to be hired, but they cannot gain experience without first being hired. This is a classic example of a Catch 22 scenario.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct answer: a situation where one factor depends on another"

The correct answer is: 'Altercated'.

Key Points

• The word "jarred" means causing a feeling of unease or discord.(बेचैनी या कलह की भावना पैदा करना)
• Similarly, "altercated" means to engage in a heated or argumentative dispute or quarrel.(तर्कपूर्ण विवाद या झगड़े में शामिल होना)
  • Example: "The heated debate between the two politicians jarred the atmosphere in the room."
  • In this example, "jarred" describes the tense and uncomfortable impact of the argument.
  • Example: The two neighbors altercated loudly in the middle of the street, drawing the attention of passersby.
• In summary, the correct answer is "altercated" as it conveys the sense of engaging in a heated dispute or quarrel, which aligns with the meaning of "jarred" in the context of conflict or discord.

Given number: (Left) 56897423 (Right)

Conditions:

Now, after rearranging the given number as per the given conditions, we get:

New number: (Left) 47986532 (Right)

So, the product of the second digit from the left and the third digit from the right = 7 × 5 = 35

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Concept:

Weir:

• If the major part of the entire ponding of water is achieved by the raised crest and a smaller part or nil part of it is achieved by the shutters, then this barrier is known as a weir.

Barrage:

• If most of the ponding is done by gates and a smaller or nil part of it is done by the raised crest, then the barrier is know as a barrage.
• It is a structure similar to a weir with the only difference being that the crest is kept at a low level and ponding of water is accomplished mainly by means of gates. During floods these gates can be raised above HFL and thus enable the high flood to pass with minimum afflux.

Force 400 N acts 60° with x-axis,

so two component of force is,

400cos(60°) acts with horizontal axis and

400 sin(60°) acts with vertical axis

again, Force 300 N acts 60° with x-axis,

so two component of force is,

300cos(60°) acts with horizontal axis and

300 sin(60°) acts with vertical axis

According to force equilibrium,

Resultant force in X-direction

= 300 + 400cos(60°) - 300cos(60°) (→ positive)

Resultant force in X-direction

= 300 + 400 x - 300 x

Resultant force in X-direction

= 300 + 200 - 150

Resultant force in X-direction = 350 N (→)

Concept:

Vertical stress due to concentrated load is given as per Boussinesq’s equation.

where,

σ_z = Stress magnitude, Q = Vertical point load, r = Radial distance, and z = Vertical distance.

Calculation:

Given:

For Point P₁ r = r, z = z

For Point P2 ,

Case 1: For Point P₁

r = r, z = z

Case 2: For Point P₂

,

σ^'_z = 4 × σ_z

Concept:

Off-tracking in curve path:

• It is the term used to describe the difference in path radii between the leading and trailing axle of a vehicle as it maneuvers around a turn.
• The Geometric design of streets and highways and of parking lots and trucking yards will be affected by the maximum off-tracking of vehicles using those facilities.
• In some accident investigations, off-tracking is the primary consideration.

Off-tracking while negotiating a curve is

=

where,

n = number of traffic lanes,

l = length of the wheelbase,

R = Radius of the curve(m)

Calculation:

Given l = 6.5 m,

R = 32 m

The off tracking while negotiating a curved path is

=

= = 0.66 m

Important Points

• The lane width of expressways is 3.75 m in plain and rolling terrains and 3.5 m in mountainous terrain, the changeover of lane width from 3.5 to 3.75 m should be effected by a smooth transition of 1 in 60 for a flatter rate.
• On urban roads without raised kerbs, the lane width may be 3.5 m.
• The minimum width recommended for the kerbed urban road is 5.5 m to make allowance for stalled vehicles.
• In local streets of residential areas, the lane width may be decreased to 3.0 m.

Bending equation states that:

Various terms in above bending equation are:

σ = Bending stress

y = Distance from neutral axis

M = Bending moment

I = Area moment of inertia

E = Modulus of elasticity

R = Radius of curvature

Proctor test:

• The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density.
• The graphical relationship of the dry density to moisture content is then plotted to establish the compaction curve.

​Vane test:

• The laboratory vane shear test for the measurement of shear strength of cohesive soils.
• It is useful for soils of low shear strength (less than 0.3 kg/cm2) for which triaxial or unconfined tests can not be performed.
• The test gives the undrained strength of the soil.

Penetration test:

• The standard penetration test, commonly known as 'SPT', was developed to provide geotechnical engineering properties for foundation design purposes.
• The test is carried out within a borehole.
• The results can be used to determine the relative density, bearing capacity, and settlement of granular soil.

​Hydrometer test:

• Measuring the particle size distribution(Grain Size Analysis) of fine-grained soils like clay and silt is best performed using the soil hydrometer test
• The hydrometer analysis of soil, based on Stokes’ law, calculates the size of soil particles from the speed at which they settle out of suspension from a liquid.

Concept:

• For a restrained slab, the area of reinforcement in each of the four corner layers shall be three-quarters of the area required for the maximum mid span moment in the slab simply supported on both edges meeting at that corner.
• If the corner is contained by edges over only one of which the slab is continuous, torsion reinforcement equal to 0.375 or times the area of reinforcement provided the mid-span in the same direction shall be provided.
• If both edges are continuous, no torsion reinforcement shall be provided.

Additional Information

For Slab:

Minimum reinforcement criteria-

Mild steel- 0.15% of total C/S area

HYSD BARS- 0.12% of total C/S area

Maximum diameter = d should not be greater than 1/8 ( thickness of slab)

For Columns:

Longitudinal reinforcement criteria-

It should not be less than 0.8%
It should not be greater than 6%

For Beams:

Tension Reinforcement criteria-

The minimum area of reinforcement

Maximum area of reinforcement = 0.04bD

In reference to the following figure of an unequal angle section with a longer leg vertical:

1. U-U axis passes through the centroid of the unequal angle section and it is the major principal axis for a single unequal angle section.
2. V-V axis passes through the centroid of the unequal angle section and it is the minor principal axis for a single unequal angle section.
3. The y-Y axis is parallel to the longer leg of an unequal angle section and it also passes through the centroid. This is the minor axis and it is perpendicular to the shorter leg of the unequal angle section.
4. The z-Z axis is parallel to the shorter leg of an unequal angle section and it also passes through the centroid. This is the major axis and it is perpendicular to the longer leg of the unequal angle section​

Concept:

Optimum number of Rain gauges:

It is the number of Rain gauges required to calculate the average rainfall value with a certain acceptable percentage of error.It is given as,

Where,

e = Allowable error

C_v = Coefficient of variance

Also,

Calculation:

P_m = 110 cm, σ = 25 cm, e = 0.1

Adopting 6 rain gauges, additional number of rain gauges required = 6 – 4 = 2

Important Point:

Concept:

(i) The calculated tension or compression in any bar at any section shall be developed on each side of the section by an appropriate development length or end anchorage or a combination thereof.

(ii) Development length can be calculated as:

Where, ϕ = Diameter of bar

τbd = Design bond stress = Permissible value of average bond stress

The value of bond stress is increased by 60% for a deformed bar in tension and a further increase of 25% is made for bars in compression.

In case of bundled bars in contact the development length is increased than that for individual bar by

1. 10% for two bars in contact
2. 20% for three bars in contact
3. 33% for four bars in content

• Doses of chlorine should be sufficient so as to leave a residue of 0.2 mg/l or 0.2 ppm after 10 min of the contact period.
• The residue chlorine is tested by the Diethyl-paraphenylene diamine (DPD) test.
• The higher the residual chlorine levels in the supply, the better and longer the chemical will be able to protect the system from contamination.
• However, high levels of chlorine make the water smell and give it a bad taste, which will discourage people from drinking it.
• For normal domestic use, residual chlorine levels at the point where the consumer collects water should be between 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l.
• The higher level will be close to the disinfection point and the lower level at the far extremities of the supply network.

Vacuum flotation method:

• It is a water treatment process that clarifies wastewaters (or other waters) by the removal of suspended matter such as oil or solids.
• The removal is achieved by dissolving air in the water or wastewater under pressure and then releasing the air at atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank basin.
• The released air forms tiny bubbles which adhere to the suspended matter causing the suspended matter to float to the surface of the water where it may then be removed by a skimming device.
• Dissolved air flotation is very widely used in treating the industrial wastewater effluents from oil refineries, petrochemical, and chemical plants, natural gas processing plants, paper mills, general water treatment, and similar industrial facilities.

The functional outcome of a project, once the construction is completed, is also an important feature of a project. Construction projects according to the type of work being completed, are as follows:

Concept-

A turnout has three distinct portions,

• Switch Assembly
• Lead Assembly
• Crossing Assembly

• Curve lead (CL)- This is the distance from the tangent point (T) to the theoretical nose of crossing (TNC) measured along the length of the main track.
• Switch lead (SL)- This is the distance from the tangent point (T) to the heel of the switch (TL) measured along the length of the main track.
• Lead of crossing (L)- This is the distance measured along the length of the main track as, Lead of crossing (L) = curve lead (CL) – switch lead (SL)
• Heel divergence (D)- This is the distance between the mainline and the turnout side at the heel.
• Correct sequence for a train in order to pass over the turnout from the facing direction is Toe of a switch - Tongue rail - Lead rail - Crossing.

Concept:

Eccentric Loading of Riveted Joints:

• An eccentrically loaded joint is one in which the line of application of load does not pass through centre of gravity (c.g) of rivets.
• It passes away from c.g axis.
• This has two effects, primary/direct load and secondary load.

Direct Load:

• This load acts parallel to the load acting and vertically downwards.
• The magnitude for the direct load is
• It is represented by f₁.

Secondary load:

• It acts perpendicular to the line joining the centre of gravity of rivets assembly to individual rivets.
• The direction of the secondary load is the same as given by external load i.e. the moment produced due to external load is clockwise so the secondary load will also be clockwise.
• The magnitude for the secondary load is for rivet 1 and similarly for other rivets by changing r2, r3 and r4 in the numerator.

Now, both the load are added vectorially.

Calculation:

Given:

Direct load and secondary load diagram is given above.

The resultant of two forces acting at an angle is given by

Rivets that are farthest from centroid and having least θ will be subjected to maximum stress.

Hence rivets 4 and 6 will experience maximum stress.