Test: The Flower, Fruit & Seed - NEET MCQ

The pericarp is the part of the fruit that develops from the ovary wall. After fertilization, the ovary undergoes changes and develops into a mature fruit. The pericarp consists of three layers: the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp.
So the correct answer is A

Topic in NCERT: THE FRUIT

Line in NCERT: "Generally, the fruit consists of a wall or pericarp and seeds."

Seed coat consists of the testa, the outermost hard brownish covering. It protects the delicate inner parts of the seed from injury and attack of bacteria, fungi and insects. Tegmen is a thin inner layer lying next to the testa. Hilum is a distinct whitish oval scar on the concave side of the seed. It represents the spot where the ovule (now the seed) was attached to the ovary wall through placenta.

Hibiscus comprises five petals that remain free but create an overlapping arrangement at the margin of the appendages. This is a type of twisted aestivation. Aestivation is the arrangement of the corolla (petals) and calyx (sepals) in relation to each other in a flower bud. 

Topic in NCERT: Aestivation

Line in NCERT: "If one margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one and so on as in china rose, lady's finger and cotton, it is called twisted."

If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction as in Cassia and gulmohur, the aestivation is called imbricate.

Topic in NCERT: Aestivation

Line in NCERT: "If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction as in Cassia and gulmohur, the aestivation is called imbricate."

• A mustard flower is an example of an actinomorphic flower.
• A flower is said to be actinomorphic if it possesses radial symmetry and zygomorphic if it possesses bilateral symmetry.

Topic in NCERT: Flower: bisexual, actinomorphic

Line in NCERT: "When a flower can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through the centre, it is said to be actinomorphic, e.g., mustard, datura, chilli."

• In racemose inflorescence, the youngest flower remains at the top of floral axis and indefinite number of flowers are formed.
• In cymose inflorescence, the floral main axis is limited however the axilary branches continue to grow throughout the life.

Topic in NCERT: THE INFLORESCENCE

Line in NCERT: "In cymose type of inflorescence the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth."

The outer layer is called testa and the inner layer is called tegmen. There is a scar on the seed coat through which the developing seed was attached to the fruit. This scar is called hilum.
So the correct answer is C

Topic in NCERT: Structure of a Dicotyledonous Seed

Line in NCERT: "The hilum is a scar on the seed coat through which the developing seeds were attached to the fruit."

Actinomorphic flowers are radially symmetrical, they are able to be divided into similar halves in more than one vertical plane.
Zygomorphic flowers are bilaterally symmetrical,they can be divided into similar halves in only one plane.
Cyclic is a type of floral organ arrangement, the floral organs are arranged in regular whorls at the node of the thalamus.
Heteromorphic is a type of incompatibilty, same species produce more than one morphological type of flower.
So the correct answer is C

Topic in NCERT: Flower: bisexual, actinomorphic

Line in NCERT: "When a flower can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through the centre, it is said to be actinomorphic, e.g., mustard, datura, chilli."

POLYGAMY ⇒ The condition of bearing some flowers with stamens only, some with pistils only, and some with both, on the same or different plants. 

BISEXUAL ⇒ The flower having both male and female reproductive organ on the same plant. 

DIOECIOUS ⇒ Both male and female plants may have flowers, but one will have "male" flowers and the other "female" flowers.

UNISEXTUAL ⇒ The flower which has only one essential worl either male or female.
So the answer is D

Topic in NCERT: THE FLOWER

Line in NCERT: "A flower having either only stamens or only carpels is unisexual."

Dicotyledon is a classification of flowering plants where the seed possesses two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.

Topic in NCERT: Structure of Dicotyledonous Seed

Line in NCERT: "Within the seed coat is the embryo, consisting of an embryonal axis and two cotyledons."

Once fertilization occurs, the ovule undergoes various changes and develops into a seed. The fertilized ovule contains an embryo, which is the future plant, and it is surrounded by protective layers such as the seed coat. The ovule provides nourishment to the developing embryo until it matures into a seed.
So the correct answer is C

Topic in NCERT: THE SEED

Line in NCERT: "The ovules after fertilisation, develop into seeds."

In Monocots, during seed development, the endosperm is formed. The endosperm is a tissue that surrounds the embryo and serves as a nutrient reserve. It contains stored carbohydrates, proteins, oils, and other nutrients necessary for the growth and development of the embryo after germination.
So the correct answer is B

Topic in NCERT: Endosperm

Line in NCERT: "The endosperm is bulky and stores food."

The pistil, also known as the carpel, is the female reproductive organ of a flower. It is located in the center of the flower and consists of several parts. The main parts of the pistil include the stigma, style, and ovary.
So the correct answer is B

Topic in NCERT: Gynoecium

Line in NCERT: "Gynoecium is the female reproductive part of the flower and is made up of one or more carpels."

Solution:

• Marginal Placentation: The ovules are borne along the ventral suture, forming two rows, as in Pea.

• Axile Placentation: The placenta is axial, and the ovules are attached to it in a multilocular ovary, as in China Rose, Tomato, and Lemon.

• Parietal Placentation: The ovules develop on the inner wall or peripheral part of the ovary, often seen in Mustard and Argemone.

• Free Central Placentation: Ovules are borne on a central axis without septa, as in Dianthus and Primrose.

• Basal Placentation: The ovule is attached to the base of the ovary, as in Sunflower and Marigold.

Solution:

• Bracteate refers to a flower that has bracts, which are reduced leaves, at the base of the pedicel.
• Ebracteate refers to a flower that does not have bracts.
• Trimerous refers to a flower with floral appendages in multiples of 3.
• Pentamerous refers to a flower with floral appendages in multiples of 5.

Therefore, the correct answer is A: Bracteate.