Test: Socialism in Europe & the Russian Revolution (Term II)- 1 - Class 9 MCQ

Bolshevik, (Russian: “One of the Majority”) member of a wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party, which, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized control of the government in Russia (October 1917) and became the dominant political power.

(ii) The Bolsheviks encouraged colonial peoples to follow their experiment.

(iii) Many non-Russians from outside the USSR participated in the Conference of the Peoples of the East (1920) and the Bolshevik-founded Comitern, an international union of pro-Bolshevik socialist parties. Some received education in the USSR's Communist University of the Workers of the East.

(iv)Socialism became popular by the time of the outbreak of the Second World War. By the end of the twentieth century, the international reputation of the USSR as a socialist country had declined though it was recognised that socialist ideals still enjoyed respect among its people. But in each country the ideas of socialism were rethought in a number of ways.

The communist ideology was developed by Karl Marx.
Additional:

• Karl Marx was a revolutionary, historian, sociologist and economist.
• He is famous for his theories about capitalism and communism.
• According to Karl Marx, the last stage of the history of man would be a communist society.
• The last stage of development would be communism, a time when each person would contribute to society according to his ability and would consume according to his needs.

(i) About 85 percent of the Russian population earned their living from agriculture.

(ii) Industry was found in pockets and craftsman took much of the production.

(iii) Most industries were the private property of industrialists.

(iv) In craft units and small workshops, the working day was sometimes 15 hours.

(v) Accommodation varied from rooms to dormitories.

(vi) Workers were divided in social groups.

(vii) Women made up 31 percent of the factory Inborn and were paid less.

Three major effects of the First World War in Germany are:

(i) World War I, ended with the Allies defeating Germany and the Central Powers in November 1918. The Peace Treaty at Versailles with the Allies was a harsh and humiliating Treaty. Germany lost its overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, 13 percent of its territories, 75 percent of its iron and 26 percent of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania.

(ii) The Allied Powers demilitarized Germany to weaken its power. Germany was forced to pay compensation amounting to 6 billion.

(iii) The Allied armies also occupied the resource-rich Rhineland.

Conservatives

i) Conservatives were opposed to radicals and liberals.

ii) Earlier, in the eighteenth century, conservatives had been generally opposed to the idea of change.

iii) By the nineteenth century, they accepted that some change was inevitable.

iv) They believed that the past had to be respected and change had to be brought about through a slow process.

The ‘Greens’ who controlled most of the Russian empire during 1918 and 1919 were known as Socialist Revolutionaries