History Mock Test- 5 - Class 9 MCQ

Given their nomadic life, the Gujjar community in Himachal Pradesh remains on the sale of milk and other dairy products for their livelihood.

The "imperial forest research institute" was set up in "Dehradun in 1906", based on suggestion from German forest expert "Dietrich Brandis", who later "became the inspector" general of the forest in India. This was developed under the council of forest research and education.

Third Estate was not just made of the poor as the Members of the Third Estate ranged from lowly beggars and struggling peasants to urban artisans and labourers; from the shopkeepers and commercial middle classes to the nation's wealthiest merchants and capitalists.

A critical figure in the Assembly and eventually for the French Revolution was Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, who for a time managed to bridge the differences between those who wanted a constitutional monarchy and those who wished to move in more democratic (or even republican) directions. In January 1789, Sieyès authored a pamphlet What Is the Third Estate?

The Russian autocracy  was  unpopular :-

1. Tsar was a dictator. Under him the condition of peasants and workers became miserable because he never paid attention to their interests.

so they always remained deprived .

2. Also, the defeat of russia in world war ignited the anger among people. particularly, tsars adviser - rasputin made autocracy more unpopular.

THE STATEMENT THEY WERE ONE UNITED GROUP FIGHTING FOR THEIR RIGHTS IS NOT CORRECT. Throughout the late nineteenth century, socialists were active in the countryside. In 1900, they founded the Socialist Revolutionary Party. This political group fought for peasant rights and asked that land owned by nobility be given to peasants.

Explanation: Concerning peasants, Social Democrats differed from Socialist Revolutionaries. Peasants, according to Lenin, were not a unified group. Some were impoverished, while others were wealthy; some were labourer's, while others were business owners who employed others.

They couldn't all be part of a socialist movement because of their differences. The party was split over the organization's strategy. In a repressive society like Tsarist Russia, Vladimir Lenin (the Bolshevik leader) believed that the party should be disciplined and control the quantity and quality of its members.

Liberals in Russia campaigned to change the situation.

During the 1905 revolution, they campaigned with peasants and workers, alongside the Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries, to seek a constitution.

Over 110,000 workers in St Petersburg went on strike one day, demanding a decrease in the working day to eight hours, wage increases, and better working conditions.

The police and Cossacks attacked the procession of workers led by Father Gapon as it approached the Winter Palace. Over a hundred workers were murdered, with another 300 injured.

Workers in England and Germany began forming associations to fight for better living and working conditions. They set up funds to help members in times of distress and demanded a reduction of working hours and the right to vote. In Germany, these associations worked closely with the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and helped it win parliamentary seats. By 1905, socialists and trade unionists formed a Labour Party in Britain and a Socialist Party in France. However, till 1914, socialists never succeeded in forming a government in Europe.

Explanation:

• British Administration: The British colonial administration appointed chiefs from different sub-groups of the Maasai to help govern the tribe.


• Responsibilities: These appointed chiefs were given the responsibility of overseeing the affairs of their respective sub-groups within the Maasai tribe.


• Administration: The chiefs were expected to administer justice, settle disputes, and maintain order within their communities.


• Control: The British used these appointed chiefs to exert control over the Maasai people and implement colonial policies.


• Impact: The appointment of these chiefs had a significant impact on the traditional leadership structure of the Maasai and the way their society was governed.

At the end of second world war, an International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg was set up to try and prosecute the Nazi war criminals for Crimes against Peace, for War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity. Germany's conduct during the war, especially those activities which came to be called Crimes Against Humanity, raised serious moral and ethical questions and invited worldwide condemnation.

Germany's 'genocidal war' was against which of the following people?
The correct answer is option D: All of the above.
Explanation:
During World War II, Germany under Nazi rule carried out a genocidal war against multiple groups of people. The following groups were systematically targeted:
- Jews and political opponents: The Nazi regime implemented a policy of anti-Semitism, leading to the persecution, discrimination, and ultimately the genocide of six million Jews. They were considered a threat to the Aryan race and were subjected to mass murder in concentration camps and extermination camps like Auschwitz.
- Gypsies and Polish civilians: The Romani people, commonly known as Gypsies, were also targeted for extermination by the Nazis. They were subjected to forced labor, sterilization, and mass murder in concentration camps. Additionally, the Germans targeted Polish civilians, particularly intellectuals, resistance fighters, and anyone perceived as a threat to German occupation.
- Germans who were considered mentally and physically disabled: The Nazi regime implemented a eugenics program that aimed to eliminate individuals with disabilities. Thousands of mentally and physically disabled Germans were forcibly sterilized, euthanized, or subjected to medical experiments.
Therefore, Germany's 'genocidal war' during World War II targeted Jews, political opponents, Gypsies, Polish civilians, and Germans with disabilities. The correct answer is option D: All of the above.

The correct answer is "B". Actually,they did not want to repeat the same mistakes that they did after the World War I. The world war II was a way through which the citizens of Nazi Germany sought to take revenge for their humiliation and disgrace caused by the treaty of versailles. In order to avoid such situations,Nuremberg Tribunal decided not to be harsh on them as they had been earlier. Maybe they felt guilty about it.

Pastoral Communities of the Mountains
The pastoral communities of the mountains include:
- Gujjars: Gujjars are a pastoral community found in the mountainous regions of northern India, particularly in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. They are primarily engaged in livestock rearing, especially cattle, sheep, and goats.
- Gaddis: Gaddis are another pastoral community residing in the mountainous regions of Himachal Pradesh. They are known for their traditional occupation of transhumance, where they migrate with their livestock to higher altitudes during the summer and descend to lower altitudes during the winter.
- Bhotiyas and Sherpas: Bhotiyas and Sherpas are pastoral communities found in the Himalayan region. The Bhotiyas reside in the valleys of Uttarakhand and are involved in animal husbandry and trade. The Sherpas, on the other hand, are renowned for their mountaineering skills and are primarily found in the regions of Nepal and Tibet.
Therefore, all the options mentioned - Gujjars, Gaddis, Bhotiyas, and Sherpas - are pastoral communities of the mountains.

The continuous movement of pastoral communities has several benefits, including the following:
1. Recovery of the pastures:
- Pastoral communities practice a system of rotational grazing, where they move their livestock from one pasture to another.
- This rotation allows the previously grazed pastures to recover from overuse and replenish their vegetation.
- The movement helps in maintaining the health and productivity of the pastures, ensuring sustainable grazing practices.
2. Prevention of overuse:
- Pastoral communities' nomadic lifestyle prevents the overuse of any particular pasture.
- By moving their livestock to different areas, they distribute the grazing pressure across multiple pastures.
- This prevents the excessive consumption of vegetation in a single location, allowing for the regeneration and preservation of the natural ecosystem.
3. Reduction in the demand for houses:
- Pastoral communities often live in temporary shelters such as tents or huts that can be easily assembled and disassembled.
- Their nomadic lifestyle reduces the need for permanent settlements or houses.
- This reduces the strain on resources required for construction and infrastructure development.
Therefore, the continuous movement of pastoral communities helps in both the recovery of pastures and the prevention of their overuse, making option D the correct answer.

The Banjaras of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra move to different places in search of good pastures.

Genealogists
Genealogists are professionals who study and trace the history and lineage of families. They gather information from various sources, such as birth and death records, marriage certificates, census data, and other historical documents to create detailed family trees. Their main goal is to provide an accurate account of a family's history and connections. Here are some key points about the role of genealogists:
1. Recount history of a family: Genealogists research and document the ancestry, lineage, and history of a specific family. They compile information about the family's origins, migrations, occupations, and significant events in order to create a comprehensive family tree.
2. Recount history of a community: While genealogists primarily focus on individual families, their work also contributes to the understanding of the history and development of communities. By tracing multiple family lines within a specific area, genealogists can uncover connections and provide insights into the social, cultural, and economic dynamics of a community.
3. Predict the future: Genealogists do not predict the future. Their work is based on historical records and evidence, and their primary role is to accurately document the past. While genealogical research can sometimes uncover information that may have implications for the future, such as genetic predispositions to certain diseases, it is not their primary focus or purpose.
4. Train camels: Genealogists do not train camels or have any involvement in animal training. This option is unrelated to the field of genealogy.
In conclusion, genealogists play a crucial role in researching and documenting the history of families and communities. Their work helps individuals understand their roots, connect with their heritage, and provides valuable historical insights.

Colonial state regarded grazing land as wasteland:
- During the colonial period, the ruling powers often viewed grazing land as unproductive or unused land.
- This perception led them to consider it as wasteland, not worth utilizing for other purposes.
- The colonial state did not recognize the value of grazing land for supporting livestock and sustaining local economies.
- This perspective often resulted in policies that prioritized other land uses such as agriculture or forestry over grazing.
- Grazing land was often left underutilized or neglected, leading to degradation and loss of its potential productivity.
- The colonial state's disregard for grazing land contributed to the marginalization of pastoral communities who depended on it for their livelihoods.
- The perception of grazing land as wasteland also influenced land tenure systems, with the state often claiming ownership or control over such lands.
Overall, the colonial state's characterization of grazing land as wasteland had significant implications for the management and utilization of these lands, as well as for the communities that relied on them.

Answer:
The community of Raikas lived in the deserts of Rajasthan.
Explanation:
- The Raikas are a nomadic community that traditionally resides in the desert regions of Rajasthan.
- Rajasthan is a state located in the northwestern part of India, known for its vast and arid Thar Desert.
- The Raikas primarily inhabit the regions of Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner, and Jodhpur in Rajasthan.
- They have adapted to the harsh desert environment and have developed a unique way of life centered around animal husbandry, particularly camel rearing.
- The Raikas are skilled camel breeders and herders, and their livelihood depends on the products derived from camels such as milk, meat, and wool.
- They are known for their expertise in camel breeding and have played a significant role in sustaining the camel population in the desert regions.
- The Raikas have a distinct culture and are recognized for their colorful attire, music, dance, and folklore.
- They have faced numerous challenges in recent times due to changing socio-economic conditions and dwindling natural resources, but efforts are being made to preserve their cultural heritage and support their sustainable way of life.
In conclusion, the community of Raikas lived in the deserts of Rajasthan, specifically in regions such as Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner, and Jodhpur.

• The population of France rose from about 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789. This led to a rapid increase in the demand for food grains.
• The production of grains could not keep pace with the demand. So the price of bread which was the staple diet of the majority rose rapidly.

The Second World War began at dawn on Friday 1 September 1939, when Adolf Hitler launched his invasion of Poland. In March and April 1940, Stalin ordered the murder of over 20,000 Polish officers and others who had been captured in September 1939.

The colonial rulers considered forests as unproductive because:
1.They considered cultivated lands as sign of progress and not nature in its natural self.
2.Forests were considered to be wilderness which was of no use to humans. They preferred scientific forestry instead.
3.The colonials thought that this wilderness had to be brought under cultivation to yield agricultural products and revenue, and enhance the income of the state.

Why did colonists need durable timber?
There were several reasons why colonists needed durable timber:
1. To build ships for the Royal Navy:
- The Royal Navy was a vital part of colonial defense and trade.
- Durable timber was necessary to construct sturdy and reliable ships.
- These ships were used for both military purposes and trade expeditions.
2. To construct bridges:
- Bridges were essential for transportation and connecting various settlements.
- Durable timber was needed to ensure the longevity and stability of these bridges.
3. For furniture:
- Furniture was a necessity in colonial households.
- Durable timber was used to build strong and long-lasting furniture pieces.
4. To build beautiful homes:
- Colonists wanted to construct aesthetically pleasing homes.
- Durable timber was used in the construction of houses to ensure their durability and longevity.
In conclusion, colonists needed durable timber for various purposes such as shipbuilding, bridge construction, furniture making, and building beautiful homes. The availability of strong and long-lasting timber was crucial for the success and development of the colonies.

Main Areas of Maasai Cattle Herders in Africa:
There are several main areas where Maasai cattle herders can be found in Africa. These areas include:
1. Kenya: Kenya is one of the primary countries where Maasai cattle herders are located. They inhabit various regions in Kenya, including the Maasai Mara National Reserve, Amboseli National Park, and the Rift Valley.
2. Tanzania: Maasai cattle herders are also prevalent in Tanzania. They reside in areas such as the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and Serengeti National Park.
3. Uganda: While not as prominent as in Kenya and Tanzania, there are also Maasai cattle herders in Uganda. They can be found in the Karamoja region in northeastern Uganda.
4. Rwanda: In Rwanda, the Maasai community is mainly concentrated in the eastern part of the country, particularly in the districts of Nyagatare and Gatsibo.
It is important to note that the Maasai people are a semi-nomadic tribe, and their herding activities often involve moving their cattle between different grazing areas. Therefore, their presence may extend beyond the specific regions mentioned above.

Who was Dietrich Brandis?

• First Inspector General of Forests in India: Dietrich Brandis was appointed as the first Inspector General of Forests in India in 1864 by the British colonial government. This position was crucial in establishing and managing the forest administration in India.


• Contributions to Forestry: Brandis played a significant role in the development of forestry as a scientific discipline in India. He introduced sustainable forest management practices and policies that laid the foundation for modern forestry in the country.


• Legacy: Brandis's work in India had a lasting impact on the country's forests and natural resources. His efforts helped in the conservation and sustainable use of forests, which are vital for ecological balance and biodiversity preservation.

Louis XVI of France was sentenced to death on the charge of treason as he secretly held a meeting with the king of Austria and Prussia to attack on France. This is because to stop the revolt that was going in France at that time.

The spread of railways from the 1850’s created a new demand. 
Railways were essential for colonial trade and for the movement of imperial troops. To run locomotives. 
Wood was needed as fuel and to lay railway lines sleepers were essential to hold the tracks together. 
Each mile of railway track required between 1760 and 2000 sleepers. 

In India the railway network expanded rapidly from the 1860s. Due to following reasons forests started disappearing around railway tracks at that time
(i) By 1890 about 25,500 km of track had been laid and in 1946 the length of the tracks had increased to over 765,000 km.
(ii) As the railway tracks increased large number of trees were cut down.
(iii) The government gave out contracts to individuals to supply the required quantity of woods.
(iv) These contractors began to cut trees indiscriminately.

(i) The liberals were one of the groups which wanted to change society. The liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions.

(ii) At that time the European states usually discriminated in favour of one religion or another.

(iii) Liberals also opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of the individuals against governments.

(iv) They argued for a representative elected Parliamentary Government subject to laws interpreted by a well trained Judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials.

(v) They did not believe in universal adult franchise, i.e., the right of every citizen to vote. They felt that men of property mainly should have the right to vote. They did not want the vote for women.

When the procession of workers led by Father Gapon reached the Winter Palace it was attacked by the police and the Cossacks. Over 100 workers were killed and about 300 wounded. The incident, known as Bloody Sunday, started a series of events that became known as the 1905 Revolution. Strikes took place all over the country and universities closed down when student bodies staged walkouts, complaining about the lack of civil liberties. Lawyers, doctors, engineers and other middle-class workers established the Union of Unions and demanded a constituent assembly.

Explanation:

• Poles are a desirable section of society: This statement goes against Nazi ideology as they considered Poles to be inferior and undesirable.


• Jews were the most inferior and undesirable section of society: Nazi ideology considered Jews to be the enemy and the most inferior race.


• Germans are the descendant of Pure Aryan race: Nazis believed that Germans were the superior race and descendants of the Aryan race.


• Society should be ruled by Nordic Aryans: Nazis believed in the superiority of the Nordic Aryan race and advocated for their rule over society.

Therefore, the statement "Poles are a desirable section of society" does not align with Nazi ideology, as they viewed Poles as inferior and undesirable.

Hitler's Withdrawal from the League of Nations

• Year 1930: Hitler did not pull out of the League of Nations in this year.


• Year 1931: Hitler did not pull out of the League of Nations in this year.


• Year 1932: Hitler did not pull out of the League of Nations in this year.


• Year 1933: Hitler pulled out of the League of Nations in this year. This decision was made in response to the League's condemnation of Germany's rearmament and militarization efforts, signaling Hitler's disregard for international agreements and paving the way for further aggressive actions leading up to World War II.

Therefore, the correct answer is Year 1933. Hitler's withdrawal from the League of Nations in this year was a significant event that foreshadowed the turbulent times ahead in Europe.