Political Science Mock Test- 1 - Class 9 MCQ

Cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate.

Head of the government is Prime Minister. He is the real head where as President is the nominal head.

He is the elected representative of people. First Prime Minister of India is Shree Jawaharlal Nehru and present prime minister is Shri. Narendhra Modi.

Our Constitution begins with a short statement of its basic values. This is called the Preamble to the Constitution.

All countries that have constitutions are not necessarily democratic. But all countries that are democratic will have constitutions. After the War of Independence against Great Britain, the Americans gave themselves a constitution. After the Revolution, the French people approved a democratic constitution. Since then it has become a practice in all democracies to have a written constitution.

False

• Electoral Process: In democratic countries, elections are typically free and fair, with multiple parties competing for power through a transparent process. On the other hand, non-democratic countries often have elections that are rigged or manipulated to maintain the ruling party's control.


• Role of the Opposition: In democratic countries, the opposition plays a vital role in holding the government accountable and providing alternative policies. In non-democratic countries, the opposition is often suppressed, leading to a lack of political diversity.


• Freedom of Expression: Democratic countries usually have greater freedom of expression, allowing for open debates and discussions during election campaigns. Non-democratic countries may restrict freedom of speech and suppress dissenting voices.


• Independent Electoral Bodies: In democratic countries, independent electoral bodies oversee the electoral process to ensure fairness and transparency. In non-democratic countries, these bodies may be controlled by the ruling party, leading to biased outcomes.


• Transition of Power: In democratic countries, power transitions occur peacefully through elections, with the losing party accepting the results. In non-democratic countries, power transitions may involve violence or coercion to maintain the ruling party's control.

Elections for selecting Members of Legislative Assembly will be held in five states between March 27 and April 29. These states are under the Model Code of Conduct since the poll dates were announced first on February 26 and will remain under it till the completion of the election process. For those who don’t know much about the Model Code of Conduct, it’s a set of strict rules that evolved over a period of the past six decades and has been laid down by the Election Commission of India.

South Africa became a democratic country in the year 1994 on 27th April.

It was on this day that South Africa that the legal citizens of the country were given the opportunity to cast their own votes and choose their own leader.

It was an end to the apartheid rule in the country.

May 9, 1994, Nelson Mandela was unanimously elected president by the National Assembly, with Thabo Mbeki, deputy leader of the ANC and F.W. de Klerk as deputy presidents.

Long Walk to Freedom is an autobiography written by South African President Nelson Mandela, and first published in 1994 by Little Brown & Co. The book profiles his early life, coming of age, education and 27 years in prison.

People's participation in elections is usually measured by voter turnout figures. Turnout indicates the percent of eligible voters who actually cast their vote. Over the last fifty years in India the turnout has either remained stable or actually gone up.

- In India the poor, illiterate and underprivileged people vote in larger proportion as compared to the rich and privileged sections. This is in contrast to western democracies. For example in the United states of America, poor people, African Americans and Hispanics vote much less than the rich and the white people.

Which House is more powerful?

• Lok Sabha: The Lok Sabha is considered the more powerful house of the Indian Parliament due to several reasons:




• Members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people of India.


• Lok Sabha has the final say in most matters, including legislation and budget.


• It has the power to remove the government through a vote of no confidence.


• Important bills like money bills and no-confidence motions can only be introduced in Lok Sabha.





• Rajya Sabha: While the Rajya Sabha also plays a crucial role in the Indian Parliament, it is considered less powerful than the Lok Sabha:




• Members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies.


• It acts as a revising house, suggesting amendments to bills passed by Lok Sabha.


• It cannot bring down the government through a vote of no confidence.





• State Assembly: The State Assembly, while important at the state level, does not hold as much power in the central government.



• None of these: This option is incorrect as the Lok Sabha is indeed the more powerful house in the Indian Parliament.

The literal translation of "democracy" explains what the word means. Derived from the ancient Greek "demokratia," democracy literally means that power belongs to the people.

The most common form that democracy takes in our times is that of a representative democracy. In the countries we call democracy, all the people do not rule. A majority is allowed to take decisions on behalf of all the people. Even the majority does not rule directly. The majority of people rule through their elected representatives.

General Elections

• Elections held after the term of five years for Lok Sabha are called general elections.


• General elections are held to elect members of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament.

No, the Judiciary can just strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution.

The only original jurisdiction cases commonly handled by the Supreme Court of the United States are disputes between two or more U.S. states, typically regarding boundary lines, water claims, or other property issues.

Republic Day is celebrated annually as it is the anniversary of the day India became an independent republic. Though India's declaration of Independence was signed on 15th August 1947, the constitution which was written for independent India came into the effect on January 26, 1950.

It is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic with a parliamentary system of government. The Republic is governed in terms of the Constitution of India which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November, 1949 and came into force on 26th January, 1950.

Result of the intervention of other countries to stop the killings of Albanians:
The result of the intervention of other countries to stop the killings of Albanians was that Slobodan Milosevic lost power and was subsequently tried for crimes against humanity. Here are the details:
- Milosevic lost power: The intervention by other countries, primarily led by NATO, aimed to halt the ethnic cleansing and human rights violations committed by Milosevic's regime in Kosovo. Through a series of airstrikes and military operations, NATO forces were able to weaken Milosevic's control over Kosovo, leading to his eventual loss of power.
- Trial for crimes against humanity: Following his loss of power, Slobodan Milosevic was arrested and eventually brought before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). He was charged with crimes against humanity, including genocide, and faced trial for his role in the atrocities committed during the Kosovo conflict.
- Historical significance: The intervention by other countries to stop the killings of Albanians in Kosovo marked a significant turning point in the conflict. It demonstrated the international community's commitment to preventing and addressing gross human rights violations, even if it required military intervention. The trial and eventual death of Milosevic while in custody further emphasized the consequences that leaders could face for their actions.
- Impact on future interventions: The intervention in Kosovo also had broader implications for future interventions in cases of humanitarian crises. It highlighted the importance of international cooperation and the responsibility to protect vulnerable populations from mass atrocities, setting a precedent for future interventions in similar situations.
Therefore, the intervention of other countries to stop the killings of Albanians resulted in Milosevic losing power and being tried for crimes against humanity.

Promises made by Devi Lal to farmers and small businessmen:
- Promise to waive loans: Devi Lal promised to waive the loans of farmers and small businessmen. This means that the farmers and small businessmen would not have to repay the loans that they had taken.
- Rate of interest reduction: Devi Lal promised to lessen the rate of interest on the loans taken by farmers and small businessmen. This would have made it easier for them to repay their loans as the burden of high interest rates would have been reduced.
- Modernization of agriculture: Devi Lal also promised to modernize agriculture. This would have involved introducing new technologies and practices to improve productivity and efficiency in the agricultural sector. The aim was to make agriculture more profitable and sustainable for farmers.
- Provision of free seeds and pesticides: Another promise made by Devi Lal was to provide free seeds and pesticides to farmers. This would have helped reduce the input costs for farmers and made farming more affordable.
Overall, Devi Lal's promises were aimed at providing financial relief, modernizing agriculture, and supporting the livelihoods of farmers and small businessmen.

The principal role of the judiciary is to protect rule of law and ensure supremacy of law. It safeguards rights of the individual, settles disputes in accordance with the law and ensures that democracy does not give way to individual or group dictatorship.

India is largest democracy where the losing party takes the role of opposition.

Women in Saudi Arabia face significant restrictions and limitations on their rights and freedoms. Here is a detailed breakdown of their position:
1. Legal Restrictions:
- Saudi Arabia follows a strict interpretation of Islamic law, known as Sharia, which limits women's rights.
- Women require permission from a male guardian (father, husband, or son) for various activities such as traveling, obtaining a passport, getting married, or accessing certain medical procedures.
- The male guardian system reinforces gender inequality and restricts women's autonomy.
2. Dress Code and Public Behavior:
- Women in Saudi Arabia are required to wear an abaya (a loose-fitting black cloak) in public, covering their bodies and hair, as a form of modesty.
- They must also adhere to strict codes of behavior in public, including avoiding interactions with unrelated males.
3. Limited Mobility:
- Saudi women face restrictions on their mobility and ability to travel independently.
- Until recently, women were not allowed to drive, but the ban was lifted in 2018, granting them greater mobility.
4. Employment Opportunities:
- While more women are entering the workforce in Saudi Arabia, they still face significant barriers.
- Women are underrepresented in many sectors and often encounter discrimination in hiring and promotion practices.
- They are also segregated from men in the workplace, with separate areas and facilities.
5. Education:
- Women's education has significantly improved in recent years, with more access to schooling and universities.
- However, gender segregation is still prevalent in educational institutions.
- Some fields of study and career paths remain limited for women.
6. Guardianship System:
- The male guardianship system places women in a subordinate position to their male relatives.
- This system can lead to abuse and restrict women's ability to make decisions regarding their personal lives and well-being.
7. Social Restrictions:
- Women in Saudi Arabia face societal pressures and expectations regarding their roles and behaviors.
- They may encounter cultural and religious barriers to socializing, participating in public events, or expressing themselves freely.
It is important to note that recent reforms have been introduced in Saudi Arabia to improve women's rights, such as allowing women to attend sports events and granting them the right to drive. However, significant challenges and restrictions still persist, impacting the position and status of women in the country.

Yugoslavia split into seven different countries. These are: Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Slovenia, Kosovo, and Montenegro

Popular governments may be undemocratic. It is because popularly elected governments may use its power and authority to influence means of mass communications such as newspapers and television to give only good reports about the working of the government. Elected governments may also use the power of the state for the local and national rig elections. Opposition parties may be threatened and may not be allowed to function independently. The government, sometimes, could pressurise the judges to give verdict in their favour.

One such example has been of the government headed by the President of Zimbabwe- Robert Mugabe. He is extremely popular and his party ZANU-PF has been ruling the country since independence. . Elections are held regularly but Mugabe always wins them because he uses unfair practices during elections. Often the meetings of the opposition parties are disrupted and are not allowed to protests against the government. Radio and television controlled by him only gives news regarding the ruling party. Journalists supporting the oppositions parties are harassed and even judiciary is sometimes forced to give decisions in favour of the government.

The example of Zimbabwe shows that popular governments may be undemocratic in nature. 

The following rights make sure each individual has equal rights and freedom to exercise their rights.

The separation of powers is a fundamental guarantee of the independence of the judiciary. In the decision-making process, judges should have freedom to decide cases impartially, in accordance with their interpretation of the law and the facts. They should be able to act without any restriction or improper influence.

Milosevic's attitude towards the Albanians:
- His government was hostile to the Kosovo Albanians:
- Milosevic's government implemented discriminatory policies against the Kosovo Albanians, limiting their rights and opportunities.
- Albanian language and culture were suppressed, and Albanians were marginalized in political, social, and economic spheres.
- The government used force and repression to suppress Albanian dissent, leading to human rights abuses and violence against the Albanian population.
- He wanted Serbs to dominate the Albanians:
- Milosevic aimed to maintain Serbian dominance over Kosovo and sought to diminish Albanian influence and control in the region.
- His policies were aimed at establishing Serbian control over Kosovo's institutions, resources, and population.
- Milosevic's government supported Serb settlement in Kosovo, further exacerbating tensions between the Serbian and Albanian communities.
- He wanted to bring equality between Serbs and Albanians:
- While Milosevic claimed to advocate for equality, his actions and policies favored Serbian interests and undermined the rights and opportunities of the Albanian population.
- The level of discrimination and oppression faced by the Kosovo Albanians under his government indicates that his supposed commitment to equality was not genuine.

In summary, Milosevic's attitude towards the Albanians was hostile and aimed at maintaining Serbian dominance and control over Kosovo, rather than promoting equality between Serbs and Albanians.

The massacre of the Albanians was finally stopped as several countries intervened to stop this type of massacre. The major goal of these forced massacres and expulsions of the ethnic Albanians was regarded as a kind of statistic manipulations before London Ambassadors.

Every person who wishes to contest an election has to fill out a 'nomination form' and give some money as 'security deposit'. This information is made available to the public so that voters can make their decision on the basis of the information provided by the candidates.