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Judiciary Exams Exam  >  Judiciary Exams Tests  >  Important Acts and Laws for Judiciary Exams  >  Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Judiciary Exams MCQ

Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Judiciary Exams MCQ


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15 Questions MCQ Test Important Acts and Laws for Judiciary Exams - Test: Definition of State under Article 12

Test: Definition of State under Article 12 for Judiciary Exams 2024 is part of Important Acts and Laws for Judiciary Exams preparation. The Test: Definition of State under Article 12 questions and answers have been prepared according to the Judiciary Exams exam syllabus.The Test: Definition of State under Article 12 MCQs are made for Judiciary Exams 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 below.
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Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 1
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What entities are encompassed within the definition of "State" as outlined under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution?

Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 1
The definition of "State" under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution includes governmental bodies like the government and Parliament of India, state governments and legislatures, and also extends to local authorities within Indian territory. This broad definition is crucial in determining the scope of fundamental rights protected by the Constitution.
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Why is the concept of "State" under Article 12 significant in the Indian Constitution?

Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 2
The concept of "State" under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution is crucial as it plays a pivotal role in delineating the scope of fundamental rights safeguarded by the Constitution. By defining the entities considered as the "State," this provision outlines the extent to which individuals can expect protection and enforcement of their fundamental rights by various authorities and bodies within the Indian legal framework.
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Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 3
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What does Article 12 of the Indian Constitution primarily define?

Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 3
Article 12 of the Indian Constitution specifically defines the term "State" as used in various sections of the Constitution. This definition plays a crucial role in determining the boundaries and coverage of the term "State," particularly significant in fundamental rights provisions like Articles 14, 15, and 21. It includes the central government, state governments, and all local or other authorities in India or under Indian government control. This delineation is essential for ensuring that all such entities are bound to adhere to the fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution.
Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 4
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Why is Article 12 considered significant in the Indian Constitution?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 4
Article 12's significance lies in its delineation of the term "State" as encompassing the central government, state governments, and all local or other authorities in India or under Indian government control. This clarity is crucial for fundamental rights provisions such as Articles 14, 15, and 21, ensuring equality before the law, prohibiting discrimination, and safeguarding life and personal liberty. By including all such authorities within the definition of the State, Article 12 mandates their adherence to the fundamental rights outlined in the Constitution, allowing legal recourse in case of rights infringement.
Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 5
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What is the primary role of the President of India in the executive branch?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 5
The President of India serves as the ceremonial head of the nation in the executive branch. While the President does not have direct involvement in running the administration, this role falls to the Prime Minister. The President's responsibilities include representing the country at official functions and upholding the Constitution.
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What is the main function of the Members of Parliament (MPs) in the legislative branch of India?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 6
Members of Parliament (MPs) in India play a crucial role in the legislative branch by representing the interests of their constituents at the national level. They are elected representatives who participate in law-making processes, debate on policies, and raise issues concerning the public they represent. This ensures that the voices and concerns of the people are heard and addressed at the national level.
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What is the role of the Chief Minister in the state government structure of India?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 7
The Chief Minister in the state government structure of India is primarily responsible for leading the executive branch and implementing government policies. This crucial role involves overseeing the administration of the state, making decisions on policy matters, and ensuring the execution of government initiatives for the welfare of the state's residents.
Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 8
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How do Members of the Legislative Council (MLCs) contribute to the state legislature in India?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 8
Members of the Legislative Council (MLCs) in states with a Legislative Council serve in the upper house of the state legislature in India. Their role complements the functions of the Legislative Assembly by providing a platform for further discussion, review, and revision of legislation proposed by the lower house. MLCs play a significant role in ensuring a comprehensive and balanced legislative process within the state.
Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 9
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What is the primary role of a Chief Minister in a state government?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 9
The Chief Minister of a state government is primarily responsible for implementing government policies and leading the executive branch. This role involves making decisions on behalf of the government, coordinating the work of various departments, and ensuring that policies and programs are effectively carried out for the welfare of the state's residents.
Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 10
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Which type of representatives form the lower house of the state legislature and are involved in the process of lawmaking?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 10
Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) are elected representatives who form the lower house of the state legislature. They play a crucial role in the lawmaking process by representing the interests of their respective constituencies, debating proposed legislation, and voting on bills. MLAs are directly elected by the people during state elections to represent specific geographic areas within the state.
Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 11
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According to the concept of Ejusdem Generis, when specific words are followed by a general term, how is the general term interpreted?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 11
According to the concept of Ejusdem Generis, when specific words are followed by a general term, the general term is interpreted to be limited to the same kind of specific words that come before it. This principle helps in understanding the scope and applicability of general terms in legal interpretation.
Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 12
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In the case of Sukhdev Singh v. Bhagatram Sardar Singh Raghuvanshi (1975), the Supreme Court ruled that which entity falls under "other authorities" in Article 12?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 12
In the case of Sukhdev Singh v. Bhagatram Sardar Singh Raghuvanshi (1975), the Supreme Court ruled that the Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC), a government-owned corporation, falls under "other authorities" in Article 12. The Court considered ONGC's activities to be public functions subject to judicial review, establishing a significant precedent for the inclusion of certain entities under the purview of "other authorities" in constitutional matters.
Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 13
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Which legal case determined that the International Airport Authority of India qualifies as an "other authority" under Article 12 due to its classification as an instrumentality of the State, thereby making it subject to High Court writ jurisdiction?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 13
In the case of Ramana Dayaram Shetty v. International Airport Authority of India (1979), the Supreme Court conclusively determined that the International Airport Authority of India is categorized as an "other authority" under Article 12 due to its status as an instrumentality of the State. This classification subjected the Airport Authority to the High Court's writ jurisdiction, emphasizing the significance of its governmental role and accountability in legal oversight.
Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 14
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Which case played a pivotal role in establishing the criteria for classifying entities as "other authorities" under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 14
The case of Ramana Dayaram Shetty v. International Airport Authority of India played a pivotal role in establishing the criteria for classifying entities as "other authorities" under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution. This case outlined the key criteria such as existence of a statutory authority, functional character, financial autonomy, and government control that are essential for determining whether an entity can be considered an "other authority" under Article 12.
Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 15
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How has the Indian Judiciary been recognized in relation to the enforcement of fundamental rights under the Constitution, despite not being categorized as an "other authority" under Article 12?
Detailed Solution for Test: Definition of State under Article 12 - Question 15
Despite not being explicitly categorized as an "other authority" under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution, the Indian Judiciary has been recognized by the Supreme Court as part of the State for the enforcement of fundamental rights. This acknowledgment highlights the Judiciary's pivotal role in upholding and safeguarding the fundamental rights of citizens as enshrined in the Constitution. The recognition underscores the Judiciary's significant responsibility in ensuring the protection of these rights through legal interpretation and enforcement mechanisms.
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