AP TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 (Social Science) - AP TET MCQ

Bruner's theory is a general framework for instruction based upon the study of cognition. The main aim was that instruction should be designed to facilitate extrapolation and/or fill in the gaps.

Disadvantaged students are those belonging to the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and minority groups. The children from these categories come to school with a disadvantaged tag with them and as a result, they become easy prey to differential treatment by the teacher and their classmates.

Self-study habit can be developed in children by citing examples of great people. Encouraging your children to develop good study habits from an early age is one of the most important things.

The Cephalocaudal Principle states that development proceeds from top to bottom. According to this principle, a child will gain physical control of their head first. After this, physical control will move downward to the arms and lastly to the legs.

Focussing too much on the result will actually have an adverse effect and will add to the anxiety quotient. Focussing on process rather than outcome is a much better strategy.

Noam Chomsky, known as the father of modern linguistics, has made a crucial contribution in the field of linguistics.
Let's understand Chomsky's view about language in brief:

• Innate ability: He strongly believes that children are born with an innate knowledge of grammar that serves as the basis for all language acquisition.
• Generative grammar: According to Chomsky it refers to a finite set of rules to generate sentences and can be used to produce more sentences in that language.
• Universal grammar: Chomsky's universal grammar suggests that all children have an innate ability to acquire, understand and develop grammar.
• Language Acquisition Device: Chomsky proposed that humans are equipped with a language acquisition device that enables a child to acquire and produce language.

A brief description of other psychologists:

So, Noam Chomsky is associated with ‘language development'.

​A teacher does not often have the opportunity to consider the very basic principles of his/her craft in the classroom. There are a few factors that contribute to effective and worthwhile learning and teaching environment. All teachers do good things some of the time, and all good teachers do bad things some of the time. The differences among teachers lie not only in the proportions of the good and the bad but also in their awareness of the effects of what they are doing and their readiness to share this awareness with their students.

मौखिक अभिव्यक्ति वाद-विवाद कौशल का विकास करने का सशक्त माध्यम है।
मौखिक अभिव्यक्ति कौशल को विकसित करने का सशक्त माध्यम वाद-विवाद है क्योंकि यह एक ऐसी प्रतियोगिता है जिसमें बच्चे वक्ता के रूप में अपने विचारों को प्रकट करते हैं।
इसमें बच्चे समय सीमा का ध्यान रखते हुए अपने विचारों का तर्कपूर्ण प्रतिपादन करते हैं जो उनमें मौखिक अभिव्यक्ति कौशल को विस्तार देती है।

पढ़ना महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि यह मन का विकास करता है, नई चीजों की खोज करता है, कल्पना को भी विकसित करता है। अच्छे पठन कौशल, विशेष रूप से ध्वन्यात्मक पढ़ने के कार्यक्रम में, वर्तनी और शब्दावली में सुधार होता है। पढ़ना महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि बोले गए और लिखे गए शब्द जीवन के आधार हैं।

'वह भाषा जिसमें शासक या शासन का काम होता है'। 

• अर्थ के आधार पर यह वाक्य "विधानवाचक" वाक्य होगा। 

बच्चों को ऐसा वातावरण मिलना जरूरी है, जो भाषा से समृद्ध हो।समृद्ध भाषिक परिवेश में  बच्चे सहज रूप से स्वतः ही भाषा में सुधार कर सकते हैं।

• पढ़ने का आरम्भ अर्थपूर्ण एवं लिपि से होना चाहिए और किसी उद्देश्य के लिए होना चाहिए।
• यह उद्देश्य कहानी सुनकर-पढ़कर आनन्द लेना भी हो सकता है।
• धीरे-धीरे बच्चों में भाषा की लिपि से परिचित होने के बाद अपने परिवेश में उपलब्ध लिखित भाषा को पढ़ने-समझने की जिज्ञासा उत्तपन्न होने लगती है।

प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा जीवन की वास्तविकताओं से परिपूर्ण होती थी। दिए गए गद्यांश के अनुसार, आधुनिक युग की भाँति प्राचीन भारत में भी मनुष्य के चरित्र का उत्थान शिक्षा से ही सम्भव था। सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्वों को निष्ठापूर्वक वहन करना प्रत्येक मानव का परम उद्देश्य माना जाता है। इसके लिए भी शिक्षित होना अनिवार्य है। जीवन की वास्तविकता को समझने में शिक्षा का उल्लेखनीय योगदान रहता है। भारतीय मनीषियों ने इस ओर अपना ध्यान केन्द्रित करके शिक्षा को समाज की आधारशिला के रूप में स्वीकार किया।

बच्चे प्रारंभ से ही बहुभाषिक होते हैं। 3 वर्ष के बच्चें में एकभाषिक, द्विभाषिक या बहुभाषिक दक्षता बच्चे के भाषा समृद्ध परिवेश पर निर्भर करती है।
बच्चा जिस परिवेश में रहता उस परिवेश में बोली जाने वाली भाषा स्वभाविक रूप से सीख लेता है। दो या तीन वर्ष का बच्चा अपने परिवेश से अनायास ही व्याकरण युक्त भाषा सीख लेता है। बच्चे प्रारंभ से ही बहुभाषिक होते हैं, उनके पास अपना एक आंतरिक व्याकरण होता है। दो या अधिक भाषायी परिवेश में रहने वाले बच्चें स्कूल आने से पूर्व ही दो या अधिक भाषाओं को समझने और बोलने की क्षमता रखते हैं।

वाइगोत्स्की के अनुसार भाषा सीखने, शब्दों को अर्थ देने में सामाजिक अंत:क्रिया की भूमिका को नकारा नहीं जा सकता है। रूसी मनोवैज्ञानिक 'वाइगोत्स्की' ने अपने 'सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक सिद्धांत' में भाषा विकास के सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक परिप्रेक्ष्य को प्रस्तुत किया था। इन्होंने भाषा विकास के सन्दर्भ में "सामाजिक अतःक्रिया" पर बल दिया है।

• वाइगोत्स्की के अनुसार ज्ञान का परिवर्तनशील भंडार दूसरों के साथ मिलकर तैयार किया जाता है अर्थात् भाषा सीखने मे सामाजिक अन्तःक्रिया का महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। वाइगोत्स्की द्वारा दिये गये सिद्धान्त को संज्ञानात्मक विकास या सांस्कृतिक-एतिहासिक मनोविज्ञान कहा जाता है।

अतः निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि वाइगोत्स्की के अनुसार भाषा सीखने, शब्दों को अर्थ देने में सामाजिक अंतःक्रिया का भूमिका को नकारा नहीं जा सकता।

प्रस्तुत गद्यांश के अनुसार गद्यांश का उपयुक्त शीर्षक जाति प्रथा – एक सामाजिक बुराई है उचित शीर्षक है। अतः सही विकल्प जाति प्रथा – एक सामाजिक बुराई है, अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं।

अन्य अर्थ: जिसकी कल्पना न की जा सके।
कल्पना- उद्भावना, परिकल्पना, मनगढ़ंत, मनोरचना, सूझ
​विलोम शब्द- यथार्थ
कल्पना का विशेषण काल्पनिक
काल्पनिक- 'कल्पना' मूल शब्द + 'इक' प्रत्यय

The discussion on the Indian Constitution is situated within a historical context. This has been done with the express intent that students become aware of the major influence that our anti-colonial struggle had on Indian democracy.

4x² + 12xy – 8x + 9y² – 12y
= (2x)² + 12xy – 8x + (3y)² – 12y
= (2x)² + 12xy + (3y)² - 8x - 12y
= (2x + 3y)² - 4(2x + 3y)
= (2x + 3y)(2x + 3y - 4) = (ax + by)(ax + by - 4)
On comparing we get, a = 2 and b = 3
So, a² + b² = 2² + 3² = 4 + 9 = 13

A gender stereotype is a generalised view or preconception about attributes or characteristics that are or ought to be possessed by women and men or the roles that are or should be performed by men and women. 

A Sanskrit Prashasti praising the Delhi Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban explained that he was the ruler of a vast empire that stretched from Bengal (Gauda) in the east to Ghazni (Gajjana) in Afghanistan in the west and included all of south India (Dravida). People of different regions - Gauda, Andhra, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat - apparently fled before his armies.

A project is a whole-hearted purposeful activity proceeding in a social environment. In the project method, teaching and learning are considered from the child’s point of view and in this method knowledge and skills are learned by pupils through practical handling of problems in their natural setting.

All the oceans of the world are connected with each other, so the level of the sea water remains the same everywhere. Therefore, the elevation of land is taken from the level of the sea, which is taken as zero.

According to NCF 2005, Social Science teaching needs to be revitalised towards helping the learner acquire knowledge and skills in an interactive environment. The teaching of Social Sciences must adopt methods that promote creativity, aesthetics, and critical perspectives, and enable children to draw relationships between past and present. Problem solving, dramatisation and role play are some hither-to underexplored strategies that could be employed.
Hence, this is the correct answer.

Ocean currents are the vertical and horizontal movement of water on the surface of the water.

• Ocean currents are caused by rotation of the earth, winds, variation of ocean water, temperature, etc.
• Some of the ocean currents are Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic Current, the California Current, the Atlantic South Equatorial Current, and the West Wind Drift.
• Depending on the origin, the currents are described as cold and warm.
• The currents that move from the equatorial regions to the polar regions are the warm currents. For example- the Gulf Stream.
• The cold currents move from the polar regions to the tropical regions. For example- the Labrador current.
• The region where warm and cold currents meet each other is ideal for fishing because it supports the existence large quantity of fish.
• Moreover, currents help in the navigation and movements of ships.

Hence, we can conclude that Gulf Stream and the Labrador are the ocean currents.

It will be helpful for Children to ask questions that require them to relate what they are learning in social science classrooms to things happening outside.

• Teachers need to encourage children to answer the questions in social sciences in their own words and from their own experiences, make an attempt to develop multiple perspectives upon the social science concepts and issues.
• Critical thinking is self-guided, self-disciplined thinking which attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way.
• It can be developed through activities like discussions, debate, question-answer sessions, fieldwork, activity work, etc. This will foster creative and critical thinking among them.
• There is a need to engage your children in active engagement during curriculum transactions through inquiry, exploration, questioning, debate, application, and reflection, leading to theory building and the creation of new ideas/ propositions. 

Hence, it can be concluded that Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students' development. It is a developmental process of assessment which emphasises on two fold objectives - continuity in evaluation and assessment of broad based learning and behavioural outcomes.

Tropical evergreen forest of Brazil.
The tropical rainforest of Brazil is also known as the Amazon rainforest and is the biggest rainforest in the world.
As it absorbs a large amount of carbon dioxide and produces oxygen, it is called 'lungs' of the Earth.

This is the right answer. A student, who feels free to ask questions, is believed to be more interested in learning.

A social science teacher uses several methods and techniques in teaching various contents of social sciences. The choice of these methods and techniques depends on the nature of the contents to be taught to students. 

The Lesson Plan refers to the outline of the lesson prepared by the teacher to bring forward the lesson in a coherent way. It starts with introductory questions to activate learner's previous knowledge and connects the new knowledge with the previous one.