AP TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 10 (Social Science) - AP TET MCQ

Retreat is not considered as a factor of cognition.
Cognitive factors refer to characteristics of the person that affect performance and learning. These factors serve to modulate performance such that it may improve or decline. These factors involve cognitive functions like attention, memory, and reasoning.

• Most psychologists today believe that our cognitions, i.e. our perceptions, memories, interpretations are essential ingredients of emotions.
• Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer have proposed a two-factor theory in which emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and a cognitive label.
• They presumed that our experience of emotion grows from our awareness of our present arousal. They also believed that emotions are physiologically similar.

Therefore, Anger, Hunger, and fear are factors of cognition.

Defense mechanisms are learned and designed to tackle self-devaluation, anxiety, and hurt and operate automatically at habitual levels. They typically involve measures of self-deception and distortion. Defense mechanisms are usually exercised in combination instead of singly and quite often they are combined with task-oriented behavior. To a great extent, they are necessary to soften failure, alleviate anxiety and hurt, and protect feelings of significance adequacy, and worth. Normally, they are adjustive reactions but sometimes they seriously interfere with the effective resolution of stress. Defense mechanisms may feature in a negative or a positive form.

While our society provides us with an ecosystem that is necessary for our survival. It also has some flaws embedded within itself that discriminate and hinders the growth of a few sections of the society. In our Indian society, it has been a prolonged stereotype that women have the primary responsibility of taking care of household and men are responsible for taking care of the financial stability and the hard work related to it.

Egocentrism can be defined as the child being the center of the world and everything revolves around him.
Egocentrism in early childhood refers to the tendency of young children to think that everyone sees things in the same way as the child.

All of these techniques can be used to motivate the students of a class.

If a previously learned task impedes a new task, which is being learnt. This transfer of learning will be negative transfer.
Transfer of learning is the process of applying or carrying over the knowledge, skills, habits, attitudes or other responses from one learning situation, in which they were initially acquired, to a different learning situation. 
Negative Transfer-

• There are cases in which the previous learning interferes with subsequent learning.
• In such cases, the carryover of knowledge or experience in one task interferes with further learning.
• As a result of negative transfer, performance on one task may block performance on the subsequent task.
• For example, a child’s experience in learning the plural of ‘house’ may inhibit his/her learning the plural of the word ‘mouse’. He/She may spell the plural of the word ‘mouse’ as ‘mouses’, instead of ‘mice’.

Vygotsky on make-believe play and cognitive development:
Vygotsky viewed make-believe play as unique, broadly influential zone of proximal development in which children learn to act in accord with internal ideas rather than on impulse.

Valentine called infancy the ideal time to learn.

• Human development is divided into different stages infancy, childhood (early and middle childhood), adolescence and adulthood.
• It refers to the first year or early period of a baby's development in which the baby grows rapidly after birth.
• This is a critical period of development in which the child learns to sit, crawl, stand etc.

दिए गए गद्यांश के अनुसार, बालक जो ज्ञानार्जन करता था उसका लाभ उसको जीवन भर मिलता था। गुरु गृह में निवास करते हुए विद्यार्थी समाज के निकट सम्पर्क में आता था। गुरु के लिए समिधा, जल का लाना तथा गृह-कार्य करना उसका कर्त्तव्य माना जाता था। गृहस्थ धर्म की शिक्षा के साथ-साथ वह श्रम और सेवा का पाठ पढ़ता था। शिक्षा केवल सैद्धान्तिक और पुस्तकीय न होकर जीवन की वास्तविकताओं के निकट होती थी।

सतत आकलन का अर्थ है बालक की अधिगम संबंधी कठिनाईयों को पहचानना, जिससे कठिनाईयों को पहचानने के बाद शिक्षक इन्हें सुधारने के लिए उचित कदम उठा सके।

वर्तनी- शब्द में प्रयुक्त ध्वनियों को जिस क्रम से उच्चरित किया जाता है, लिखने में भी उसी क्रम से विन्यस्त करने का नाम वर्तनी या वर्ण-विन्यास है। यदि वर्णों का उच्चारण शुद्ध न किया जाए, तो लिखने में भी अशुद्धियाँ हो जाती हैं।
स्व-वर्तनी- स्व-वर्तनी का अर्थ है अपनी वर्तनी होता है, अर्थात जैसा बोलना वैसा ही लिखना।

Methods to Learning focuses on how children learn. It refers to the skills and behaviors that children use to engage in learning. They learn to successfully navigate learning experiences that are challenging, frustrating, or simply take time to accomplish.

This is the correct option. The correct rearrangement is:
(B) A farmer wanted to get rid of his old mule and buy a new one but the mule always came back from wherever the farmer left him.
(D) One day the mule fell into the well and the farmer thought - 'Why not bury it there so that I don't have to worry about getting rid of it?'
(A) The farmer called his neighbours and asked them to help him put mud into the well but the mule thought that he was calling the neighbours to help him get out of the well.
(F) When they started putting mud in the well, the mule realised his master's plan and started thinking of ways to save himself.
(E) The mule started shaking off all the mud that fell on him and kept climbing on the leap of mud as it fell into the well; soon he was on top of the mud heap and he easily got out of the well.
(C) He walked away from his cruel master and never returned.

In Inductive lesson, a general rule is explained first and later the examples are illustrated.

"No, I didn't" will be the correct answer because this is the negative statement and because it is in the past, so we have used "didn't".

Communicative competence is the ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of a language to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom. 

• Communicative competence as a goal, through various Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) methodologies, allows L2 speakers the cultural and linguistic knowledge needed to handle the interactional challenges presented to them.
• The communicative/functional-notional approach lo syllabus design. materials development and classroom interaction have been the centre of much discussion and debate in recent years. The approach seeks to develop among learners 'communicative competence' (the ability to put language to effective practical use) as opposed to purely linguistic knowledge. If communication is the primary objective of all language use, then it should be the primary objective of all language learning programs as well. 

Thus, we can conclude that communicative competence is the ability to use language in different situations. 

'Lev Vygotsky', a Soviet psychologist, has propounded the "Socio-cultural Theory". This theory implies the idea that social interaction plays a crucial role in the development of learners' cognitive abilities. 

• After the Chauri Chaura incident, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• Chauri Chaura was a town in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, where on February 5, 1922, a group of protesters participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement clashed with police, resulting in the death of three policemen. In retaliation, the protesters set fire to a police station, killing 22 policemen who were inside.
• Gandhi, who had been leading the Non-Cooperation Movement, was deeply disturbed by the violent turn of events and called off the movement, as he believed that it had lost its nonviolent character.

Fundamental rights are the basic human rights enshrined in the Constitution of India which are guaranteed to all citizens.

• They are applied without discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, etc.
• Significantly, fundamental rights are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain conditions.

• Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country.
• There are two or more levels of government in a federal system.
• Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation, and administration.
• The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution.
• Levels of government in India are:
  • Union government
  • State government
  • Panchayati Raj
• Panchayati Raj is the third tier of the government.
• It comes under the feature of federalism in India.

Thus, we can say that the Panchayati Raj is the third tier of government and it comes under the feature of federalism in India.

It is important to reinstate the significance of Social Science by not only highlighting its increasing relevance for a job in the rapidly expanding service sector, but by pointing to its indispensability in laying the foundations for an analytical and creative mindset.

According to Thomas Markham, Project based learning (PBL) integrates knowing and doing. Students learn knowledge and elements of the core curriculum, but also apply what they know to solve authentic problems and produce results that matter. PBL students take advantage of digital tools to produce high quality, collaborative products. Thomas M. Risk suggests productive projects for secondary schools.

Dry and very hot winds blowing in the desert part are called 'Loo' (heat waves).
In summer, the air pressure of the western region is less than that of the eastern region.

• In summer, warm winds blow from the west, which is called Loo.
• Due to this heat, an area of low air pressure is formed here.
• To meet this low air pressure, the fast wind comes from another area (from areas of high air pressure) which brings with it dust and soil, this is called a storm.

In educational settings, questions are used to encourage recall of previous knowledge, and understanding of speech, and to promote critical thinking. Questioning should be used to achieve clearly defined objectives. When a student is trying to develop their critical thinking skills, a teacher should ask them questions that will encourage them to do so.

In recognition of his contribution, New Delhi is also known as "Lutyens' Delhi". In collaboration with Sir Herbert Baker, he was also the main architect of several monuments in New Delhi such as the India Gate; he also designed Viceroy's House, which is now known as the Rashtrapati Bhavan.

As we move from Eastern Hemisphere to Western Hemisphere, the size of longitudes remains the same.

A timeline is a way of displaying a list of events in chronological order, sometimes described as a project artifact. Timelines can be best utilised for teaching ancient history, as the students need to be aware of the events and their dates, which can be better retained using timelines.

'Cynicism' means 'distrust'. In order to prevent distrust on democratic institutions, a teacher can emphasise the ideal functioning and principles of these institutions, and the public being informed about their rights and duties. B and C are incorrect as these concepts make a person cynic by removing his trust from democracy and democratic institutions.

Panna is famous for its diamond mines located in a belt of about 80 km across the town.
Madhya Pradesh has the only diamond mine in the country.

• The National Mineral Development Corporation Ltd. is operating the only mechanized diamond mine at Majhgawan in the Panna district since 1958 is now producing 81000 carats of diamond annually. Besides this, about 400 carats is also being produced from the "shallow diamond mines" in Panna and part of Satna district.

Blooms Taxonomy: 

• The Blooms Taxonomy is a hierarchical classification of the cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor domains, and each domain includes some learning goals that can support both teacher instruction and student learning.