Satish Chandra Test: Cultural And Religious Developments

A Saranjam is grant of land (initially non-hereditary) for maintenance of troops or for military service found among the Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu, Pathare Prabhu, Maratha and Somvanshi Kshatriya Pathare communities in Maharashtra and the former Maratha administered regions of India, including territories in present-day Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. The grant was bestowed by a king or regional ruler of a princely state.

The Pratinidhi was an important member of the ministry in the Maratha Empire. The title of Pratinidhi means the representative of the King, and such officials were entitled to sign and seal papers and to issue orders in the absence of the Ruler. Shivaji's ministry of the eight - the Ashta Pradhan didn't include a Pratinidhi. Later the post of Pant Pratinidhi was created during the Rajaram I reign and a person holding this office exercised powers over all ministers of the Maratha court including the Peshwas. 

Shahu conferred the title of Sena-karte (organiser of forces) on Balaji Vishwanath and elevated him to the post of Peshwa in 1713. From now onwards the Chatrapati became just a figure-head. Balaji Vishwanath by his ability and statesmanship made the Peshwa ship hereditary in his family. Balaji Vishwanath (1713-20):

Shambaji Maharaj was captured by Muqurrab khan and his contingent of 25000 mughal troops in Sangameshvar. He was presented before the mughal emperor who ordered his execution. Muqurrab khan has also taken part in many seiges and he also became the defectors ruler of golcanda.

Chhattrapati Shahu, a grandson of Shivaji, was released by the Mughals after the death of Emperor Aurangzeb. Following a brief struggle with his aunt Tarabai, Shahu became ruler and appointed Balaji Vishwanath, and later, his descendants, as the peshwas or prime ministers of the empire.

Balaji Vishwanath, reigned from 1713 to 1720, was the first Peshwa. He was succeeded by his son Baji Rao I (1720-1740). He was followed by Balaji Baji Rao or Nana Saheb (1740-61), Narayan Rao (1772-73) and Madhav Rao were the next Peshwas.

The correct answer is C as the accurate  order for the army  officials of marathas are in option C

The correct answer is A as events of Shivaji’s reign in the chronological sequence is in option A .

The correct option is D.
All the  statements about the Treaty of 1719 between the Marathas and the Mughals are true.

shahu was released in 1707 after Aurangzeb’s death. Very soon a civil war broke out between Shahu at Satara and his aunt Tara Bai at Kolhapur who had carried out an anti-Mughal struggle since 1700 in the name of her son Shivaji II after the death of her husband Raja Ram. Maratha sardars, each one of whom had a large following of soldiers loyal to himself alone, began to side with one or the other contender for power.